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Abstract Obstructive sleep apnea is a globally prevalent concern with significant health impacts, especially when coupled with comorbidities. Accurate detection and localization of airway obstructions are crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment, which remains a challenge for traditional sleep monitoring methods. Here, we report a catheter-based flexible pressure sensor array that continuously monitors soft tissue pressure in the upper airway and facilitates at the millimeter level. The sensor’s design and versatile 3D femtosecond laser fabrication process enable adaptation to diverse materials and applications. In vitro testing demonstrates high sensitivity (38.1 Ω/mmHg) and excellent stability. The sensor array effectively monitors distributed airway pressure and accurately identifies obstructions in an obstructive sleep apnea animal model. In this work, we highlight the potential of this catheter-based sensor array for long-term, continuous upper airway pressure monitoring and its prospective applications in other medical devices for pressure measurement in human body cavities.

The dense and nearly continuous spectral bands in hyperspectral images result in strong inter-band correlations, which can diminish performance of the model in classification tasks. Moreover, most convolutional neural network-based methods for hyperspectral image classification typically depend on a fixed scale to extract spectral–spatial features, which ignore the detail features of some objects. To address the above issues, a novelty Spectral Spatial Adaptive Weighted Fusion and Residual Dense Network (S2AWF-RDN) is proposed for Hyperspectral image classification. Specifically, the proposed S2AWF-RDN consists of spectral–spatial adaptive weighted fusion module, multi-channel feature concatenation residual dense module, and spatial feature fusion module. Firstly, the spectral information optimization branch is developed to adjust the weights assigned to various spectral channels. Similarly, the spatial information optimization branch is developed to adjust the weights for different spatial regions. Secondly, to obtain rich spectral spatial information from different levels, multi-channel feature concatenation residual dense module has been proposed. In addition, a multi-channel feature concatenation block is designed guiding the model to extract spectral spatial information at different scales. Finally, spatial feature fusion module is introduced to retain more spatial information. The experimental outcomes illustrate that the proposed network model exhibits superior classification performance on three renowned hyperspectral image datasets. Furthermore, the efficacy of the proposed network model is further corroborated through comparative and ablation studies.

Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy, and previous studies have shown that pregnant women with GDM have a higher risk of developing infectious diseases of the reproductive tract than healthy pregnant women, but relevant cohort studies are rare. Objective To investigate the variation characteristics of vaginal microbiota in pregnant women with GDM at different gestational weeks, to compare the differences of vaginal microbiota between GDM and non-GDM women, and to observe the effects of vaginal microbiota changes on pregnancy outcomes. Methods In this study, we used a consecutive sampling method to recruit pregnant women who established their records and regulated health care at Daxing Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University from March 2022 to March 2023. They underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation to diagnose GDM. The GDM group was matched 1∶1 with the non-GDM group using propensity score matching method (PSM). Sample of vaginal secretions were collected at 24-28 weeks (stage A), 32-35 weeks (stage B) and 37-40 weeks (stage C) for three vaginal microecological examination, respectively. Based on the results, participants were further divided into the GDM normal vaginal flora subgroup, GDM abnormal vaginal flora subgroup, non-GDM normal vaginal flora subgroup and non-GDM abnormal vaginal flora subgroup, and were followed up until 7 d after delivery to assess pregnancy outcome. Results A total of 426 participants were initially enrolled in this study, and GDM occurred in 141 cases. After PSM mathing, the GDM and non-GDM groups were successfully matched in 122 pairs. In this study, because 9 women with GDM and 5 women without GDM had preterm birth (

Abstract In recent years, negative pressure wound dressings have garnered widespread attentions. However, it is challenging to drain the accumulated fluid under negative pressures for hydrogel dressings. To address this issue, this study prepared a chemical/physical duel‐network PEG‐CMCS/AG/MXene hydrogel composed by chemical disulfide crosslinked network of four‐arm polyethylene glycol/carboxymethyl chitosan (4‐Arm‐PEG‐SH/CMCS), and the physical network of hydrogen bond of agar (AG). Under near‐infrared light (NIR) irradiation, the PEG‐CMCS/AG/MXene hydrogel undergoes photothermal heating due to integrate of MXene, which destructs the hydrogen bond network and allows the removal of exudate through a mechanism mimicking the sweat gland‐like effect of skin pores. The photothermal heating effect also enables the antimicrobial activity to prevent wound infections. The excellent electrical conductivity of PEG‐CMCS/AG/MXene can promote cell proliferation under the external electrical stimulation (ES) in vitro. The animal experiments of full‐thickness skin defect model further demonstrate its ability to accelerate wound healing. The conversion between thioester and thiol achieved with L‐cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride (L‐CME) can provides the on‐demand dissolution of the dressing in situ. This study holds promises to provide a novel solution to the issue of fluid accumulations under hydrogel dressings and offers new approaches to alleviating or avoiding the significant secondary injuries caused by frequent dressing changes.

In this paper, Cinnamomum cassia polysaccharide (CCP) was extracted and purified, and its physicochemical properties, antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were investigated. The polysaccharide yield was optimized by the response surface test with three conditions: Temperature, time and liquid-solid ratio. Then the physicochemical properties of purified CCP were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis and other methods, meanwhile, its antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities were tested in vitro. Results indicated that the optimum extraction conditions as follow: Extraction temperature 90 ℃, extraction time 2.5 h, liquid-solid ratio 20:1 (mL/g), extraction twice, under these conditions, the average yield was 3.22%. The relative molecular weight of CCP was 1.95×106 Da, the total sugar content was 90.11%±1.24%, and it was stable within 230 ℃. Both Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectra showed that CCP had α, β-glycosidic bonds and other structures, in addition, Congo red staining showed that it might not have triple helix structure. Activity assays showed that CCP had good scavenging effect on DPPH·, ABTS+∙, ·OH, with IC50 values of 0.191, 2.835 and 3.221 mg/mL, respectively, and the total reducing power value of the polysaccharide at 6 mg/mL was 1.18. In addition, CCP also had inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 0.189 and 0.340 mg/mL. In this study, a high molecular weight Cinnamomum cassia polysaccharide was extracted and purified, which had good antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities, which may provide a basis for the functional development and utilization of Cinnamomum cassia.

In order to improve the antioxidant activity of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides, sulfate it and explore the optimum modification conditions. Polysaccharides was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method from Zizania latifolia, then it was separated and purified to obtain a new type of water-soluble polysaccharide. Using formamide as solvent, polysaccharides were sulfated by sulfur trioxide-pyridine method. The degree of substitution (DS) was set as the examination index, the optimal sulfonation conditions were selected by response surface method. Through the free radical scavenging rate trial in vitro, compared with natural polysaccharides, to explore the changes of antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharides in vitro. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions obtained as polysaccharide 100 mg, time 4 h, temperature 70 ℃, sulfur trioxide-pyridine complex 2.6 g. The optimum DS was 1.79. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the fastest weight loss rate of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides was 16.48% at 46.38 ℃, and the sulfated polysaccharides was 2.92% at 65.04 ℃. In the antioxidant test in vitro, the IC50 of free radical scavenging ability of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides to DPPH·, ·OH and ABTS+· were 3.49, 3.28 and 12.70 mg/mL respectively. The sulfated polysaccharides of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides were 0.39, 1.00 and 1.82 mg/mL respectively, and the positive control (VC) was 0.069, 0.17 and 0.077 mg/mL respectively. In summary, sulfation modification can enhance the thermal stability of Zizania latifolia polysaccharides and enhance its free radical scavenging ability to some extent.

This study highlights the importance of incorporating modern mass spectrometry techniques into undergraduate education. By focusing on the structure-characterizing capability of MS, students are able to gain hands-on experience with cutting-edge techniques and better understand how MS can be used to solve real-world problems. The three-step lipid structure analysis strategy presented in the study is a great example of this, as it allows students to understand the process of lipid analysis from headgroup identification to the determination of fatty acyl chain composition and the location of C=C double bonds. The use of chemical derivatization to preactivate a structural moiety for MS/MS analysis is also emphasized in the study. This provides students with a deeper understanding of the limitations of MS/MS analysis and how chemical modifications can be used to overcome these limitations. The demonstration of a [2 + 2] photochemical reaction to locate a C=C in unsaturated lipids is a practical example of this concept. Overall, this study supports the idea that incorporating advanced research techniques into undergraduate education can not only enhance students' understanding of scientific instruments but also promote their interests in research and innovation.

Clonorchis sinensis is one of the most important fish-borne zoonotic parasitic worms in humans, and is distributed in several countries with more than 15 million people infected globally. However, the lack of a point-of-care testing (POCT) method is still the critical barrier to effectively prevent clonorchiasis. With the application of novel fluorescent nanomaterials, the development of on-site testing methods with high signal enhancement can provide a simple, precise and inexpensive tool for disease detection. In this study, Eu-(III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) were used as indicative probes, combined with C. sinensis tandem repeat sequence 1 (CSTR1) antigen to capture specific antibodies. Afterward, the complex binds to mouse anti-human IgG immobilized on the test line (T-line) producing a fluorescent signal under UV light. The EuNPs-fluorescent immunoassay (EuNPs-FIA) was successfully constructed, allowing sample detection within 10 min. It enabled both qualitative determination with the naked eye under UV light and quantitative detection by scanning the fluorescence intensity on the test line and control line (C-line). A total of 133 clinical human sera (74 negative, 59 clonorchiasis, confirmed by conventional Kato-Katz (KK) methods and PCR via testing fecal samples corresponding to each serum sample) were used in this study. For qualitative analysis, the cut-off value of fluorescence for positive serum was 31.57 by testing 74 known negative human samples. The assay had no cross-reaction with other 9 parasite-infected sera, and could recognize the mixed infection sera of C. sinensis and other parasites. The sensitivity and specificity of EuNPs-FIA were both 100% compared with KK smear method. Taking advantage of its high precision and user-friendly procedure, the established EuNPs-FIA provides a powerful tool for the diagnosis and epidemiological survey of clonorchiasis.

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) offers a new opportunity for treatment for gastric cancer (G.C.). Understanding the upstream regulation of immune checkpoints is crucial to further improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. Herein, using the CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screening, we identified TRIM28 as one of the most significant regulators of PD-L1, a checkpoint protein, in G.C. cells. Mechanistically, TRIM28 directly binds to and stabilizes PD-L1 by inhibiting PD-L1 ubiquitination and promoting PD-L1 SUMOylation. Furthermore, TRIM28 facilitates K63 polyubiquitination of TBK1, activating TBK1-IRF1 and TBK1-mTOR pathways, resulting in enhanced PD-L1 transcription. It was found that TRIM28 was positively correlated with PD-L1 in G.C. cells. Moreover, high TRIM28 expression suggests poor survival in a cohort of 466 patients with G.C., and this observation is consistent while analyzing data from publicly available databases. Ectopic TRIM28 expression facilitated tumor growth, increased PD-L1 expression, and suppressed T cell activation in mice. Administration of the PD-L1 or TBK1 inhibitor significantly alleviated the TRIM28-induced tumor progression. Furthermore, combining the TBK1 inhibitor with CTLA4 immune checkpoint blockade has synergistic effects on G.C., and provides a novel strategy for G.C. therapy.

Abstract Background Fish-borne zoonotic clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is an emerging public health problem in several countries with more than 15 million people infected globally. However, a lack of accurate point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests in resource-limited areas is still a critical barrier to effective treatment and control of clonorchiasis. The development of the recombinase polymerase amplification(RPA) assay, a POC diagnostic test based on the amplification of pathogen DNA, has provided a new, simple and inexpensive tool for disease detection with high sensitivity and specificity. Methods A novel RPA method was developed based on specific primers and probes, and combined with the dipstick, to allow for the rapid and intuitive detection of C. sinensis through the amplification of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene. The lower limit of detection for the combined RPA/lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay was evaluated using dilutions of the target DNA sequence. Cross-reactivity was evaluated using genomic DNA from 10 additional control parasites. Forty human clinical stool samples were tested to verify its performance. Results The evaluated primers designed from the C. sinensis COX1 region can be used to detect adult worms, metacercariae, and eggs at 39 °C within 20 min, and the results can be visually observed using the LFD. The detection limit of pathogen genomic DNA was as low as 10 fg, and the number of metacercaria(e) in fish and egg(s) in faeces were both as low as one. This improved the sensitivity of low-infection detection tremendously. The test is species-specific, and no other related control parasites were detected. In human stool samples with eggs per gram (EPG) > 50, the RPA-LFD assay was performed consistent with conventional Kato-Katz (KK) and PCR methods. Conclusion The established RPA-LFD assay provides a powerful tool for the diagnosis and epidemiological survey of C. sinensis from human and animal samples, and has important implications for the effective control of clonorchiasis. Graphical Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-144-3p on the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and ROS levels of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ). Methods The cells were divided into control group, model group (Ang Ⅱ), negative control group (Ang Ⅱ+ transfection miR-144-3p NC) and experimental group (Ang Ⅱ + transfection miR-144-3p mimic). RT-qPCR was used to detect the transfection efficiency. MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation. Cell invasion was examined by Transwell chamber. Apoptosis kit and flow cytometry were applied to detect apoptosis, and the flow cytometry was applied to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level. Results Compared with control group, the proliferation and invasion of the cells in the model group decreased significantly, but the apoptotic rate and intracellular ROS level increased significantly(P＜0.05). The above indicators found in the experimental group were all alleviated to a certain extent (P＜0.05). Conclusions Over-expression of miR-144-3p can effectively reduce the proliferation and invasion of HUVEC induced by Ang Ⅱ and reduce the apoptosis rate as well as ROS level.

In order to explore the effect of abnormal pressure on shale oil accumulation in the Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, the formation pressure distribution, muddy shale lithofacies, hydrocarbon generation evolution of organic matters, clay mineral conversion, hydrocarbon retention, and the distribution of secondary pores and microfractures in each of four exploration wells specially for Paleogene shale oil were studied by total rock X-ray diffraction analysis, conventional pyrolysis analysis on hydrocarbon generation potential, systematic analysis on organic geochemistry, and other methods. In the study area, the lithofacies association in middle and lower submembers of the third member (Es3middle and Eslower)3, and upper submember of the fourth member (Es4upper) of Paleogene Shahejie Formation adjacent to subsag center is mainly carbonate rocks, while near sag margin, there are primarily mixed sediments of clastic rocks/chemical rocks. Based on the data from sonic, density and drilling loggings, pressure distribution and abnormal pressure characteristics in single well could be identified effectively; in addition, the factors that affect formation pore pressure in organic shale containing major association of carbonate and clay minerals could be uncovered. Comprehensive application of geochemical evidences confirmed that Paleogene overpressure in the Jiyang Depression was mainly originated from hydrocarbon generation pressurization in mature muddy shale. Self-source overpressure intervals in muddy shale are in correspondence with the zones of secondary pore development and peak hydrocarbon retention.

This study focused on examining the early stages of tea cultivation (1, 3, and 5 years) in mountainous tea plantations. It specifically aimed to investigate the changes in soil micro-ecology at different locations (inter-row, terrace surfaces, and terrace walls). It was revealed that as tea tree cultivation progressed over the years, bacterial diversity and co-occurrence networks annually decreased in different locations. The results of soil physicochemical index analysis showed that the soil’s available nutrients and the activities of cellulase and protease increased. Furthermore, the amplitude of variation of these indexes in the inter-row soil was significantly higher than that on the terrace surfaces and the terrace walls (p < 0.05). Alterations occurred in the soil microbial community structure, with an enrichment of bacterial genera such as Sinomonas, Granulicella, and Sphingomonas, as well as fungal genera such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Talaromyces; an increase in the proportion of plant pathogenic fungi (Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Curvularia) was observed in the inter-row soil. The results of soil microbial function prediction showed that nitrification and nitrogen fixation decreased, but denitrification increased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, cultivating tea trees in mountainous terraced plantations significantly impacted the soil microbial community, accelerated the metabolism of soil organic matter, disrupted soil nitrogen cycling functions, and increased the presence of plant pathogenic fungal pathogens. Moreover, the changes in the structure and functions of the soil microbial community demonstrate a spatial distance effect across different terrace locations.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Macrophage polarization is involved in the pathogenesis of IBD. Repolarization of macrophage has thus emerged as a novel therapeutic approach for managing IBD. Chensinin-1b, derived from the skin of Rana chensinensis, is a derivative of a native antimicrobial peptide (AMP). It shows anti-inflammatory effects in sepsis models and can potentially modulate macrophage polarization. The objective of this research was to study the role of chensinin-1b in macrophage polarization and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to the M1 phenotype using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and simultaneously administered chensinin-1b at various concentrations. The ability of chenisnin-1b to reorient macrophage polarization was assessed by ELISA, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry analysis. The addition of chensinin-1b significantly restrained the expression of M1-associated proinflammatory cytokines and surface markers, including TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and CD86, and exaggerated the expression of M2-associated anti-inflammatory cytokines and surface markers, including IL-10, TGF-β1, Arg-1, Fizz1, Chil3, and CD206. Mechanistically, via Western Blotting, we revealed that chensinin-1b induces macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In mouse models of colitis, intraperitoneal administration of chensinin-1b alleviated symptoms induced by DSS, including weight loss, elevated disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon shortening, colonic tissue damage, and splenomegaly. Consistent with our in vitro data, chensinin-1b induced significant decreases in the expression of M1 phenotype biomarkers and increases in the expression of M2 phenotype biomarkers in the mouse colitis model. Furthermore, chensinin-1b treatment repressesed NF-κB phosphorylation in vivo. Overall, our data showed that chensinin-1b attenuates IBD by repolarizing macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for IBD.

Abstract Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) overexpressiosn and hyperactivation are correlated with aggressive growth and other malignant characteristics in a wide variety of cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the regulatory mechanism of RAC1 expression and activation in HCC is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that E3 ubiquitin ligase MG53 (also known as tripartite motif 72, TRIM72) acted as a direct inhibitor of RAC1, and it catalyzed the ubiquitination of RAC1 and further inhibited RAC1 activity in HCC cells. Mechanistically, MG53 directly bound with RAC1 through its coiled-coil domain and suppressed RAC1 activity by catalyzing the Lys48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination of RAC1 at Lys5 residue in HCC cells. We further demonstrated that MG53 significantly suppressed the malignant behaviors of HCC cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib treatment by inhibiting RAC1-MAPK signaling axis. In summary, we identified MG53 as a novel RAC1 inhibitor and tumor suppressor in HCC, and it suppressed HCC progression by inducing K48-linked polyubiquitination of RAC1 and further inhibiting the RAC1-MAPK signaling. Altogether, our investigation provided a new therapeutic strategy for RAC1 overactivated tumors by modulating MG53.

CDK2 can drive the proliferation of cancer cells. Here, the authors screened for a non-ATP competitive inhibitor of the CDK2/cylinA complex and find that Homoharringtonine can disrupt the complex and promote the degradation of CDK2.

Electrochemical energy storage heavily depends on the activity and stability of electrode materials. However, the direct use of metal--organic frameworks (MOFs) as supercapacitor electrode materials poses challenges due to their low electrical conductivity. In this study, pineapple leaf-derived biochar (PLB) was employed as a carrier for bimetallic ZnCo-MOF, resulting in the composite ZnCo-MOF@PLB- 800, synthesized through in situ growth and pyrolysis at 800 1C. The highly porous structure of PLB alleviated the aggregation of ZnCo-MOF particles, thereby enhancing the electron transfer rate and improving the conductivity of the electrode material. Electrochemical testing revealed that ZnCo-MOF@PLB-800 achieved a specific capacitance of 698.5 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) demonstrated excellent specific capacitance and electrochemical stability, delivering a high energy density of 35.85 W h kg-1 at a power density of 350 W kg-1, with robust cycle stability, retaining 90.4% capacitance after 8000 cycles. This work offers an effective integration of bimetallic MOFs with waste biomass-derived porous carbon for electrode materials, supporting both energy storage applications and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsic colors (ICs) of stars are essential for studies on both stellar physics and dust reddening. In this work, we developed an XGBoost model to predict ICs with the atmospheric parameters T _eff , ${\rm{log}}\,g$ , and [M/H]. The model was trained and tested for three colors at Gaia and Two Micron All Sky Survey bands with 1,040,446 low-reddening sources. The atmospheric parameters were determined by the Gaia DR3 General Stellar Parameterizer from Photometry (GSP-phot) module and were validated by comparing with the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment and Large Sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope. We further confirmed that the biases in GSP-phot parameters, especially for [M/H], do not present a significant impact on the IC prediction. The generalization error of the model estimated by the test set is 0.014 mag for ${({G}_{\mathrm{BP}}\,-\,{G}_{\mathrm{RP}})}_{0}$ , 0.050 mag for ${({G}_{\mathrm{BP}}\,-\,{K}_{{\rm{S}}})}_{0}$ , and 0.040 mag for ${(J\,-\,{K}_{{\rm{S}}})}_{0}$ . The model was applied to a sample containing 5,714,528 reddened stars with stellar parameters from R. Andrae et al. to calculate ICs and reddenings. The high consistency in the comparison of E ( J − K _S ) between our results and literature values further validates the accuracy of the XGBoost model. The variation of E ( G _BP − K _S )/ E ( G _BP − G _RP ), a representation of the extinction law, with Galactic longitude is found on large scales. This work preliminarily presents the feasibility and accuracy of the machine learning approach for IC and dust reddening calculation, whose products could be widely applied to spectrophotometric data. The data sets and trained model can be accessed via Zenodo, doi:10.5281/zenodo.12787594. Models for more bands will be completed in following work.

As a gas-rich region in the Tarim Basin, the northern Shuntuoguole area (also known as the Shunbei area) is an attractive prospect. Non-etheless, the debate about the origins of these natural gas continues. The analysis on the geological context, natural gas components, and the carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios prove that methane is the predominate component of alkane gases. Alkane gases’ carbon isotope fractionation (δ13C2 < −28‰ and δ13C3 < −25‰) shows that they are oil-associated gas, and their parent material type is I kerogen. Natural gas can be broken down further into three subgroups—Type I1, Type I2, and Type I3. Based on the link between the carbon number 1/n and δ13Cn of the gas. Modified plots of lnC1/C2 vs. lnC2/C3 reveal that kerogen cracking is the primary source of natural gas in the Shunbei area, and that this gas is combined with the contribution of oil cracking gas. Petroleum exploration and development in the Shunbei area can be justified on the basis that natural gas in the area originate primarily from Ordovician source rocks, as shown by carbon isotopic compositions.

The study of lipid metabolism relies on the characterization of the lipidome, which is quite complex due to the structure variations of the lipid species. New analytical tools have been developed recently for characterizing fine structures of lipids, with C=C location identification as one of the major improvements. In this study, we studied the lipid metabolism reprograming by analyzing glycerol phospholipid compositions in breast cancer cell lines with structural specification extended to the C=C location level. Inhibition of the lipid desaturase, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, increased the proportion of n-10 isomers that are produced via an alternative fatty acid desaturase 2 pathway. However, there were different variations of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers in C18:1-containing glycerol phospholipids after stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 inhibition, showing increased tendency in MCF-7 cells, MDA-MB-468 cells, and BT-474 cells, but decreased tendency in MDA-MB-231 cells. No consistent change of the ratio of n-9/n-7 isomers was observed in SK-BR-3 cells. This type of heterogeneity in reprogrammed lipid metabolism can be rationalized by considering both lipid desaturation and fatty acid oxidation, highlighting the critical roles of comprehensive lipid analysis in both fundamental and biomedical applications.

Shale oil yield, movability, and reservoir brittleness are three factors that must be focused on for shale oil exploration and development. The yield and composition of hydrocarbons and mineral composition have changed significantly during diagenesis, affecting the yield and movability of shale oil and the brittleness of the rock. In this study, the source rocks at different depths in the Dongying Sag were subjected to hydrous pyrolysis, and the yield and composition of pyrolyzed hydrocarbons and mineral composition were systematically analyzed. The brittleness index (BEI), weighted average specific surface area (SSAWA), and polarity index (PI) have been established to quantitatively characterize the brittleness and adsorption capacity of rock as well as the mobility of shale oil. The results suggest that diagenetic evolution controls rocks’ brittleness and adsorption capacity by changing their mineral composition. In the low-temperature stage, the mineral transformation is not obvious, and the BEI and SSAWA fluctuate in a small range. In the high-temperature stage, the rapid smectite illitization leads to an increase in the brittleness and a decrease in the adsorption capacity. In addition, the nonpolar components such as saturates and aromatics in the pyrolyzed hydrocarbons gradually increased with the increasing temperature, enhancing the mobility of the shale oil. Based on the three evaluation indexes of BEI, PI, and SSAWA, and combined with the changes in hydrocarbon yields during hydrous pyrolysis, we comparatively analyzed the differences in the mobility and yields of original soluble organic matter as well as pyrolyzed hydrocarbons of the source rocks at different depths. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that the shale in the depth range of 3300–3795 m is a favorable area for shale oil exploration and development in the study area. This work suggests that predicting the sweet spot for shale oil exploration and development requires more attention to the impact of diagenetic evolution on the composition of minerals and hydrocarbons.

Abstract Background Existing evidence suggests that visual field defect in eyes with glaucoma significantly varies between individuals. The following study compared the central visual field defects with the peripheral visual field defects in patients with suspect glaucoma and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and investigated whether using the central visual field test alone could result in loss of clinically valuable information. Methods In this prospective observational study, 167 eyes from 89 patients with suspect glaucoma or POAG were first examined with static automated perimetry (SAP), followed by a peripheral visual field test on Octopus 900 perimeter (Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland). The peripheral visual field test was performed by “Auto Kinetic Perimetry” program, in which Goldmann III4e stimuli randomly moved along 16 vectors at a constant angular velocity of 5 deg/s. Results Glaucomatous peripheral visual field defects were seen in 18% of the eyes with a normal central visual field. In addition, 86% of glaucoma patients with moderate-to-severe central visual field defects had corresponding peripheral visual field defects in the form of localized or diffuse depression of the isopters. Furthermore, a moderate correlation was found between the central and peripheral visual fields. The median test duration was 71 s for the peripheral test and 803 s for the central test (p