Search

Top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (TEOLEDs) achieved an ultra-high power efficiency of up to 186.38 lm W−1, an impressive EQE as high as 47.4%, and a low operation voltage.

Galaxy morphologies, kinematics, and stellar populations are thought to be linked to each other. However, both simulations and observations have pointed out mismatches therein. In this work, we study the nature and origin of the present-day quenched, bulge-dominated, but dynamically cold galaxies within a stellar mass range of $10.3\,\leqslant\,\log\,M_{\ast}/\mathrm{M_{\odot}}\,\leqslant\,11.2$ in the IllustrisTNG-100 Simulation. We compare these galaxies with a population of normal star-forming dynamically cold disc galaxies and a population of normal quenched dynamically hot elliptical galaxies within the same mass range. The populations of the present-day quenched and bulge-dominated galaxies (both being dynamically cold and hot) used to have significantly higher star-formation rates and flatter morphologies at redshift of $z\sim 2$. They have experienced more frequent larger mass-ratio mergers below $z \sim 0.7$ in comparison to their star-forming disc counterparts, which is responsible for the formation of their bulge-dominated morphologies. The dynamically cold populations (both being star-forming and quenched) have experienced more frequent prograde and tangential mergers especially below $z \sim 1$, in contrast to the dynamically hot ellipticals, which have had more retrograde and radial mergers. Such different merging histories can well explain the differences on the cold and hot dynamical status among these galaxies. We point out that the real-world counterparts of these dynamically cold and hot bulge-dominated quenched populations are the fast- and slow-rotating early-type galaxies, respectively, as seen in observations and hence reveal the different evolution paths of these two distinct populations of early-type galaxies., 14 pages, 12 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS

Developing naturally active components to control α-amylase/α-glucosidase activity is highly desired for preventing and managing type 2 diabetes. Rapeseed oil is rich in active phenolic compounds and seed oil is a major source of liposoluble inhibitors to these enzymes. However, it remains unclear about the interaction of phenolic compounds in rapeseed oil with α-amylase/α-glucosidase. This study found that the important phenolic compounds from rapeseed oil (Sinapic acid, SA; canolol, CAO; canolol dimer, CAO dimer) possessed effective inhibition performance against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. CAO showed the lowest and highest inhibitory effect, respectively. In the kinetics studies, the inhibition mechanism of SA/CAO/CAO dimer against α-glucosidase was non-competitive, exhibiting a different way from α-amylase. Fluorescence quenching spectra implied that the static processes were responsible for the spontaneous binding between the compounds and enzymes. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) displayed these compounds-induced conformation alterations of α-amylase/α-glucosidase. Molecular docking revealed that SA/CAO/CAO dimer decreased the catalytic efficiency of α-amylase/α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic force, or π-π interaction. Molecular dynamics matched well with the experimental and docking results regarding the inhibitory behaviors and interactions toward α-amylase/α-glucosidase. These results demonstrated the potential benefits of phenolic compounds from rapeseed oil in antidiabetic-related activities.

Distance-redshift diagrams probe expansion history of the Universe. We show that the stellar mass-binding energy (massE) relation of galaxies proposed in our previous study offers a new distance ruler at cosmic scales. By using elliptical galaxies in the main galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we construct a distance-redshift diagram over the redshift range from 0.05 to 0.2 with the massE ruler. The best-fit dark energy density is 0.675+-0.079 for flat Lambda-CDM, consistent with those by other probes. At the median redshift of 0.11, the median distance is estimated to have a fractional error of 0.34%, much lower than those by supernova (SN) Ia and baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) and even exceeding their future capability at this redshift. The above low-z measurement is useful for probing dark energy that dominates at the late Universe. For a flat dark energy equation of state model (flat wCDM), the massE alone constrains w to an error that is only a factor of 2.2, 1.7 and 1.3 times larger than those by BAO, SN Ia, and cosmic microwave background (CMB), respectively., 8 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS in press. The cosmoSIS modules for the massE ruler is at https://astronomy.nju.edu.cn/DFS//file/2022/07/02/20220702161632756vbde28.zip

Background In China, gastric cancer (GC) ranks second in incidence and mortality. Over 80% of patients with GC were diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor clinical outcome. Chemotherapy was the mainstream treatment with limited benefit. Apatinib, an inhibitor of targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), has been approved for third-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, the data of apatinib treatment in the real-world setting are limited. In this real-world study, we aimed to understand the current treatment pattern of apatinib, investigate the effectiveness and safety of apatinib in real-world settings, and explore the potential factors associated with the clinical outcomes. Methods This was a prospective, multicenter observational study in a real-world setting. Patients aged ≥18 years with histologic diagnosis of advanced GC were eligible for enrollment. The eligible patients received either apatinib monotherapy or apatinib plus chemotherapy by physician's discretion. Apatinib treatment could be used as first-line, second-line, or third-line and above therapy. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), ORR, DCR, and safety profile. Results A total of 737 patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with apatinib were included in the FAS population. A total of 54.9% patients used apatinib monotherapy and 45.1% patients used apatinib combination therapy. A total of 44.1% patients received apatinib in first-line treatment, 28.2% in second-line, and 27.7% in third-line and above. In first-line treatment, the objective response rate (ORR) was 9.09% and 16.42% in apatinib monotherapy and combination therapy groups, and disease control rate (DCR) was 78.41% and 89.29%, respectively. Patients who received combination therapy achieved significantly longer median progression-free survival (mPFS; 6.18 vs 3.52 months, p

In 2011, the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE) published Monograph 3 as an industry guideline for reserves evaluation of unconventionals, especially for probabilistic approaches. This paper illustrates the workflow recommended by Monograph 3. The authors also point out some dilemmas one may encounter when applying the guidelines. Finally, the authors suggest remedies to mitigate limitations and improve the utility of the approach. This case study includes about 300 producing shale wells in the Permian Basin. Referring to Monograph 3, analogous wells were identified based on location, geology, drilling-and-completion (D&C) technology; Technically Recoverable Resources (TRRs) of these analogous wells were then evaluated by Decline Curve Analysis (DCA). Next, five type-wells were developed with different statistical characteristics. Lastly, a number of drilling opportunities were identified and, consequently, a Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to develop a statistical distribution for undeveloped locations in each type-well area. The authors demonstrated the use of probit plots and demonstrated the binning strategy, which could best represent the study area. The authors tuned the binning strategy based on multiple yardsticks, including median values of normalized TRRs per lateral length, slopes of the distribution lines in lognormal plots, ratios of P10 over P90, and well counts in each type-well category in addition to other variables. The binning trials were based on different geographic areas, producing reservoirs, and operators, and included the relatively new concept of a "learning curve" introduced by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) 2018 Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper represents the first published case study to factor in the "learning curves" method. This paper automated the illustrated workflow through coded database queries or manipulation, which resulted in high efficiencies for multiple trials on binning strategy. The demonstrated case study illustrates valid decision-making processes based on data analytics. The case study further identifies methods to eliminate bias, and present independent objective reserves evaluations. Most of the challenges and situations herein are not fully addressed in Monograph 3 and are not documented in the regulations of the U.S. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) or in the PRMS guidelines. While there may be differing approaches, and some analysts may prefer alternate methods, the authors believe that the items presented herein will benefit many who are starting to incorporate Monograph 3 in their work process. The authors hope that this paper will encourage additional discussion in our industry.

The gas needed to sustain star formation in galaxies is supplied by the circumgalactic medium (CGM), which in turn is affected by accretion from large scales. In a series of two papers, we examine the interplay between a galaxy's ambient CGM and central star formation within the context of the large-scale environment. We use the IllustrisTNG-100 simulation to show that the influence exerted by the large-scale galaxy environment on the CGM gas angular momentum results in either enhanced (Paper I) or suppressed (Paper II, this paper) star formation inside a galaxy. We find that for present-day quenched galaxies, both the large-scale environments and the ambient CGM have always had higher angular momenta throughout their evolutionary history since at least $z=2$, in comparison to those around present-day star-forming disk galaxies, resulting in less efficient gas inflow into the central star-forming gas reservoirs. A sufficiently high CGM angular momentum, as inherited from the larger-scale environment, is thus an important factor in keeping a galaxy quenched, once it is quenched. The process above naturally renders two key observational signatures: (1) a coherent rotation pattern existing across multiple distances from the large-scale galaxy environment, to the circumgalactic gas, to the central stellar disk; and (2) an anti-correlation between galaxy star-formation rates and orbital angular momenta of interacting galaxy pairs or groups., 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

Background: NOTCH, as an oncogene, has been shown to be closely associated with radiation and chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and other molecular targeted therapies (such as anti-EGFR and anti-PI3K molecular targeted therapies) in a variety of tumors, and even in drug resistance mechanisms. However, the correlation between NOTCH mutations and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. Methods: We retrospectively identified NOTCH mutation and treatment outcomes. The relationship between clinical pathologic features and NOTCH were analyzed with using the two-sided chi-squared test or the Fisher exact test. Clinicopathologic characteristics associated with overall survival using Cox regression and the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: We retrospectively analyzed 108 CRC patients who received immunotherapy, including 31 patients with NOTCH mutation (MUT) and 78 patients with NOTCH wide-type (WT). NOTCH mutation was discovered to be enriched in MSI instable and associated with significant better overall survival (HR, 0.4; 95% CI, 018-0.9; P=0.0272). Although compared with NOTCH WT, no association was observed between NOTCH1/2/4 MUT and overall survival, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with NOTCH3 MUT obtained better OS (not reach vs. 14 months, HR, 0.17; 95% CI 0.04-0.74; P=0.0176). In addition, in an in-house Chinese CRC cohort (n=1968), we found 322 (16.4%) patients with NOTCH mutations, including NOTCH1/2/3/4 mutation frequency were 43.5%, 32.9%, 46.9% and 12.1%, respectively. 206 (60.4%) patients had one NOTCH mutation, and only 20 (6.2%) patients had more than four mutations. NOTCH mutations were significantly associated with higher TMB levels (P Conclusions: Our results suggest that NOTCH1/2/3/4 mutation may be a potential predictor to favorable ICI response in CRC patients. The exact mechanisms underlying NOTCH mutations are needed to be further evaluated. Citation Format: Xiaoyang Xia, DongShan You, Jing Cao, JingHui Huang, Junling Zhang, Mengli Huang, Yanan Chen, Xihua Xia, Yuezong Bai. Identification of NOTCH mutation as novel predictor to efficacious immunotherapy in colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5088.

Infrared quasi-stellar objects (IR QSOs) are a rare subpopulation selected from ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and have been regarded as promising candidates of ULIRG-to-optical QSO transition objects. Here we present NOEMA observations of the CO(1-0) line and 3 mm continuum emission in an IR QSO IRAS F07599+6508 at $z=0.1486$, which has many properties in common with Mrk 231. The CO emission is found to be resolved with a major axis of $\sim$6.1 kpc that is larger than the size of $\sim$4.0 kpc derived for 3 mm continuum. We identify two faint CO features located at a projected distance of $\sim$11.4 and 19.1 kpc from the galaxy nucleus, respectively, both of which are found to have counterparts in the optical and radio bands and may have a merger origin. A systematic velocity gradient is found in the CO main component, suggesting that the bulk of molecular gas is likely rotationally supported. Based on the radio-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution and IR data, we estimate that about 30$\%$ of the flux at 3 mm arises from free-free emission and infer a free-free-derived star formation rate of 77 $M_\odot\ {\rm yr^{-1}}$, close to the IR estimate corrected for the AGN contribution. We find a high-velocity CO emission feature at the velocity range of about -1300 to -2000 km s$^{-1}$. Additional deep CO observations are needed to confirm the presence of a possible very high-velocity CO extension of the OH outflow in this IR QSO., 20 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ

In this study we demonstrate that stellar masses of galaxies (Mstar) are universally correlated through a double power law function with the product of the dynamical velocities (Ve) and sizes to one-fourth power (Re^0.25) of galaxies, both measured at the effective radii. The product VeRe^0.25 represents the fourth root of the total binding energies within effective radii of galaxies. This stellar mass-binding energy correlation has an observed scatter of 0.14 dex in log(VeRe^0.25) and 0.46 dex in log(Mstar). It holds for a variety of galaxy types over a stellar mass range of nine orders of magnitude, with little evolution over cosmic time. A toy model of self-regulation between binding energies and supernovae feedback is shown to be able to reproduce the observed slopes, but the underlying physical mechanisms are still unclear. The correlation can be a potential distance estimator with an uncertainty of 0.2 dex independent of the galaxy type., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in press

Acrylamide (ACR), widely present in heat treatment of starchy foods, has attracted much attention in chronic neurotoxin. Canolol is a crucial phenolic compound and generated in rapeseed oil during microwave pressing. The present study aimed to reveal the ameliorative effects of canolol against ACR-induced toxicity in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanism. Cells pretreated with canolol inhibited ACR-exerted cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis. Canolol attenuated the increase of intracellular ROS and MDA level induced by ACR, and restored ACR-triggered depletion of glutathione content and mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, canolol upregulated expressions of phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein, and downregulated phosphorylated p38 and JNK proteins after 24 h pretreatment in ACR-treated PC12 cells. Notably, ACR-stimulated autophagy activation was hindered by canolol in counteracting ACR-exerted LC-3 conversion and promoting the expression of p62 protein. Our study demonstrated that canolol prevented ACR damage involving MAPKs pathway and autophagy in PC12 cells, providing a potential application of canolol for ACR toxicity.

Mesoporous organosilica as drug delivery carriers capable of achieving improved cargo release, enhanced biodegradation, and direct imaging with prolonged circulation time and tracking cargo distribution is highly in demand for biomedical applications. Herein, we report a ditelluride-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticle (DTeMSN)/polyethylene glycol-curcumin (PEG-CCM) nanocomposite through coassembly with oxidative/redox and self-fluorescent response. Tellurium is introduced into the silica framework for the first time as a drug delivery vehicle. In this case, the DTeMSNs as an inner core enable disassembly under oxidative and redox conditions via the cleavage of ditelluride bond, facilitating the drug release of doxorubicin (DOX) in a matrix degradation controlled manner. Through the systematical comparison of diselenide-bridged MSNs and DTeMSNs, DTeMSNs exhibit remarkable advantages in loading capacity, drug release, and degradation behavior, thereby significantly affecting the cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy. The self-fluorescent response of PEG-CCM shell coated on the surface of DTeMSNs can real-timely track the cellular uptake, DOX release, and biodistribution owing to the intrinsic and stable fluorescence of CCM. Moreover, PEG-CCM could prolong circulation time, provide preferable drug accumulation in tumors, and increase antitumor efficacy of DOX-loaded DTeMSNs. Our findings are likely to enrich the family of organosilica that served as fluorescence-guided drug delivery carriers.

We investigate the star formation histories (SFHs) of massive red spiral galaxies with stellar mass $M_\ast>10^{10.5}M_\odot$, and make comparisons with blue spirals and red ellipticals of similar masses. We make use of the integral field spectroscopy from the SDSS-IV/DR15 MaNGA sample, and estimate spatially resolved SFHs and stellar population properties of each galaxy by applying a Bayesian spectral fitting code to the MaNGA spectra. We find that both red spirals and red ellipticals have experienced only one major star formation episode at early times, and the result is independent of the adopted SFH model. On average, more than half of their stellar masses were formed $>$10 Gyrs ago, and more than 90\% were formed $>6$ Gyrs ago. The two types of galaxies show similarly flat profiles in a variety of stellar population parameters: old stellar ages indicated by $D4000$ (the spectral break at around 4000��), high stellar metallicities, large Mgb/Fe ratios indicating fast formation, and little stellar dust attenuation. In contrast, although blue spirals also formed their central regions $>$10 Gyrs ago, both their central regions and outer disks continuously form stars over a long timescale. Our results imply that, massive red spirals are likely to share some common processes of formation (and possibly quenching) with massive red ellipticals in the sense that both types were formed at $z > 2$ through a fast formation process.Possible mechanisms for the formation and quenching of massive red spirals are discussed., 17 pages, 6 figures, APJ accepted

To understand the formation and quenching processes of local massive red spiral galaxies with $M_{\ast} > 10^{10.5}M_{\odot}$, we perform a statistical analysis of their spectroscopic and structural properties, and compare them with elliptical and blue spiral galaxies of similar mass. The sample was selected from the stellar mass catalog of galaxies in SDSS DR7, according to their locations on the u-r color-stellar mass diagram. We find that red spirals harbor compact cores with high stellar mass surface densities measured by $\Sigma_1$ and they are bulge-dominated. Particularly, the red spirals, especially their bulges follow the $\Sigma_1$-$M_{\ast}$ ridgeline for quenched galaxies. Furthermore, the red spirals show similarly large central D$_n(4000)$, high [Mg/Fe] and dark matter halo mass to ellipticals. These results suggest that the bulges of red spirals formed within a short timescale before redshift ~ 1-2 and were quenched via a fast mode, similar to ellipticals. Careful examinations of the optical morphologies reveal that ~70% of red spirals show strong bars, rings/shells and even merging features, which suggests that interactions or mergers might have played an important role in the formation of red spirals. In contrast, most of the massive blue spirals have completely different spectral and structural properties from red spirals. However, the blue spirals with high $\Sigma_1$ ($\Sigma_1 > 10^{9.5} M_\odot \, {\rm kpc}^{-2}$) show similar structural and morphological properties, as well as similar halo mass and HI mass to red spirals. We discuss rejuvenation from red to blue as a possible explanation for these high $\Sigma_1$ blue spirals., Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

319 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a kind of cancer with high incidence and high mortality in China, and there is no effective treatment at present. Camrelizumab as a single agent has shown a higher survival benefit in clinical studies of second-line treatment of ESCC, but the degree of tumor remission is limited. Therefore, anti-angiogenic drugs and low-dose chemotherapeutics were added to observe and evaluate the efficacy and safety of Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Irinotecan in the second-line treatment of advanced ESCC. Methods: This is a single-arm, multi-center, phase II study. Patients over 18 years old, male or female, with ECOG score of 0-2, who had received systemic first-line chemotherapy (including concurrent chemoradiotherapy for distant metastases within 6 months), and who were diagnosed as ESCC by histopathology or cytology were included in the study, there were no severe hematopoietic dysfunction, heart, lung, liver, kidney dysfunction and immune deficiency. Results: As of June 29, a total of 42 patients were enrolled, of which 16 patients can be evaluated for efficacy.Among the 16 patients, 5 were out of the group due to progress, intolerance and active withdrawal, while the rest were still in the process of clinical research. The baseline characteristics of 16 patients were as follows: most of the patients were male (75%) and the ECOG score was poor (ECOG 1-2, 93.75%). All the patients were ESCC, and the degree of tissue differentiation was moderate to low differentiation, moderate differentiation (50%), and the location of cancer was middle thoracic (37.5%); Most of the patients had not received radiotherapy (75.0%) or targeted drug therapy (87.5%); Most of the first-line chemotherapy regimens were paclitaxel plus platinum (85%), and 12.5% of the patients used fluorouracil plus platinum. Among the 16 patients, the best efficacy evaluation distribution was: 1 patient with CR, 8 patients with PR, 4 patients with SD, 2 patients with PD, ORR was 56.25%, DCR was 81.25%; the median PFS and OS were not reached. In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions at any level is 75%, of which the most common adverse reactions are fatigue (50%), gastrointestinal reactions (25%) and hypertension (18.8%); adverse reactions above grade 3 are fever (12.5%), no new safety signals appeared. Conclusions: This is the first study to explore PD-1 inhibitors combined with anti-angiogenesis inhibitors and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors as second-line treatments for advanced ESCC. Camrelizumab combined with Apatinib and Irinotecan as a second-line treatment has shown encouraging clinical efficacy and acceptable safety, and may be a favorable option for patients with advanced ESCC. A further phase III randomized trial is needed. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000028857.

A fluorescence turn-on strategy is described for the detection of glutathione (GSH) based on mercury ion (Hg2+)-mediated molecular beacons (MBs) integrating with hybridization chain reaction (HCR) coupled with quantum dots (QDs) and Ru complex. Specifically, the thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) ligation facilitates the single-stranded oligonucleotide into MBs with a hairpin structure if GSH is absent. This prevents the occurrence of HCR on magnetic microparticles (MMPs), and thus allows the fluorescence quenching of Ru toward QDs in supernate. If, However, GSH is present, the competition binding between GSH and Hg2+ changes MBs strand into open form, resulting in the hybridization with another single-stranded DNA conjugated on MMPs with a sticky tail left. Hence, double-stranded (dsDNA) polymers on MMPs are formed through HCR. Obvious fluorescence increase of QDs is obtained due to the strong affinity of Ru complex to dsDNA on MMPs. The fluorescence intensity of QDs is directly related to GSH concentration. Under the optimal conditions, the approach exhibits high sensitivity to GSH with a detection limit of 8.2 nM. This method is further employed to evaluate cellular GSH levels by analyzing cell lysates, demonstrating good consistencies with fluorescence imaging and commercial GSH kit.

An amplified fluorescence strategy is described for the detection of sinapine (SP) by using a cationic conjugated polymer (PFP) and graphene oxide (GO). It is observed that the fluorescein (FAM)-labeled single-stranded DNA (FAM-DNA) is absorbed on the surface of GO if SP is absent. This causes that fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PFP to FAM is inefficient when adding PFP into FAM-DNA/GO complex. If SP is added to FAM-DNA/GO complex, FAM-DNA is desorbed from GO surface due to the competitive binding of SP and FAM-DNA toward GO. In this case, FAM-DNA is close to PFP in the presence of PFP through strong electrostatic interaction, leading to the occurrence of efficient FRET. Based on the above phenomenon, we demonstrate a method to amplify fluorescence signal of traditional GO-based SP assay by introducing PFP. In comparison to the use of single GO, the combination of PFP with GO-based strategy displays high turn-on ratio and enhanced sensitivity with a limit of detection as low as 7.3 ng mL−1 for SP detection. Satisfactory results in practical samples are also obtained by the recovery experiments, demonstrating the potential application of cationic conjugated polymer in plant-derived small molecule.

Researchers have suggested that heritable personality traits may predispose individuals to be willing to engage in the behavior. In particular, previous research has demonstrated a link between bullying perpetration and low levels of the HEXACO personality factor Honesty-Humility, which is a measure of an individual's willingness to exploit others. However, to date, evidence for the importance of low Honesty-Humility (versus low Agreeableness or Emotionality) has been drawn from North American or European samples. The present study attempts to address this gap by comparing data from 440 Chinese adolescents and 350 Canadian adolescents who completed the HEXACO-PR-I personality inventory along with a bullying questionnaire. We predicted that the personality factor Honesty-Humility would be a stronger predictor Chinese and Canadian adolescents' bullying perpetration than would anger (low A) or low empathy, emotional concern, and anxiety (low E). Results of hierarchical linear regressions confirmed that Honesty-Humility, as well as Conscientiousness, were significantly, negatively related to bullying perpetration in both samples. This suggests a cross-cultural profile of bullies as exploitative and impulsive, although Chinese bullies exhibited a more complex relationship with personality that included low Agreeableness and high eXtraversion. Implications of these results for the adaptive theory of bullying are discussed.

An easy and fluorescent strategy is developed for the detection of cancer cells and cellular imaging. This assay relies on the quenching of Ru complex toward quantum dots (QDs) and the amplification of hybridization chain reaction (HCR). In the presence of target cancer cells, folate-modified single-stranded DNA (F-DNA) links on the cell membranes through high affinity of folate and receptors. Hybridization reaction between pre-prepared HCR products and F-DNA immobilizes HCR products on the surfaces of target cells, resulting in large amount of Ru complex into HCR products and strong red fluorescence on the surfaces of target cells. Meanwhile, QDs-Ru complex assembling dyads in supernate are reduced, leading to the fluorescence restoration of QDs. Taking human cells lines HeLa as a model analyst, the linear response for HeLa cells in a concentration range from 100 to 105 cells mL−1 is obtained with a detection limit of 100 cells mL−1. The specificity of this assay for the detection of cancer cells is demonstrated against several cell competitors. Additionally, this assay is successfully applied to inhibitor screening for cancer cells in combination with cellular imaging, demonstrating the university of this design.

A sensitive and selective protein biosensor was proposed based on cationic conjugated polymer (PFP)-induced signal amplification with the aid of terminal protection of small molecule-linked DNA (TPSMLD) and graphene oxide (GO). The DNA probe labeled with fluorescein (FAM, P2) had a complementary sequence to the small molecule modified single-stranded DNA (P1). Taking streptavidin (SA) as the target protein, P1 labeled with biotin was digested to small nucleotide fragments by exonuclease I (Exo I) without SA. Upon adding PFP to P2-GO complex, weak fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from PFP to FAM-induced fluorescence signal was observed owing to the equal affinity for P2 and PFP toward GO. In the presence of SA, P1 was protected from the digestion of Exo I due to the specific binding between SA and biotin, releasing P2 from GO surface by hybridization to form double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). In this case, the addition of PFP led to obvious FRET signal because of strong electrostatic interactions between dsDNA and PFP. By monitoring the change of FRET signal, SA could be quantified. Compared to the strategy without PFP, the introduction of PFP showed an enhanced sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.6 ng mL −1 for SA detection. Also, folate reporter was detected based on this platform with a good linear relationship, demonstrating the generality of this design.

With the objective to achieve in-between reduction-responsive drug release, selenylsulfide bond was first explored as a reduction cleavable linkage, compared with the most commonly employed disulfide and diselenide bonds. The reductive nanogel, with a combination of superparamagnetic and acid responsiveness, was fabricated. The expected release profiles were testified. Cytotoxicity assays illustrated the remarkable inhibition to the growth of HeLa cells, in contrast, high tolerance to L02 cells. In vivo investigation exhibited the obvious shrinkage in tumor but a healthy appearance. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and histological examination revealed the lower toxicity. The complex nanogels would have appeared highly promising in cancer therapy.

Oxidative stress, as mediated by ROS, plays a critical role during the occurrence and development of chronic diseases. Canolol is a phenolic compound recently isolated from crude canola oil with powerful antioxidative properties. In this paper, the effects of canolol on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress in AGS cells were investigated. Cell viability experiments showed negligible cytotoxicity of canolol to AGS cells within a dose of 100 μM. Additionally, it was found that canolol could effectively prevent the oxidative injury caused by H2O2. The pretreatment of AGS cells by canolol also resulted in a reduction in ROS and MDA levels, and LDH release. The survival of cells and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased with the pre-incubation of AGS cells with canolol before H2O2 exposure. Consequently, apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of the AGS cells were alleviated, and H2O2-induced caspase-3 activation was inhibited. Therefore, it was concluded that canolol effectively protected AGS cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and its antioxidative effect was significant.

A tellurylsulfide bond-containing biopolymer nanogel was first fabricated to achieve smart drug release. The reductive nanogel exhibited highly sensitive reduction-responsiveness, fast internalization, and efficient anticancer therapy. This approach displays a new potential of tellurylsulfide bond-containing nanocarriers for drug delivery.

We present ALMA observations of the CO(1-0) line and 3-mm continuum emission in eight ultraluminous infrared (IR) quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) at z = 0.06-0.19. All eight IR QSO hosts are clearly resolved in their CO molecular gas emission with a median source size of 3.2 kpc, and seven out of eight sources are detected in 3-mm continuum, which is found to be more centrally concentrated with respect to molecular gas with sizes of 0.4-1.0 kpc. Our observations reveal a diversity of CO morphology and kinematics for the IR QSO systems which can be roughly classified into three categories, rotating gas disk with ordered velocity gradient, compact CO peak with disturbed velocity, and multiple CO distinct sources undergoing a merger between luminous QSO and a companion galaxy separated by a few kpc. The molecular gas in three of IR QSO hosts are found to be rotation-dominated with the ratio of the maximum rotation velocity to the local velocity dispersion of $V_{\rm rot}/\sigma=4-6$. Basic estimates of the dynamical masses within the CO-emitting regions give masses between $7.4\times10^9$ and $6.9\times10^{10}$ $M_\odot$. We find an increasing trend between BH mass accretion rate and star formation rate (SFR) over three orders of magnitude in far-IR luminosity/SFR, in line with the correlation between QSO bolometric luminosity and SF activity, indicative of a likely direct connection between AGN and SF activity over galaxy evolution timescales., Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, and 4 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ

e21056 Background: Camrelizumab, as a humanized antibody against PD-1, has shown high efficiency and survival benefits in clinical studies on lung cancer treatment. This study aims to observe the efficacy and safety of Camrelizumab in the treatment of advanced lung cancer in the real world. Methods: This is a prospective, open, multi-center observational study that includes patients with advanced lung cancer who are older than 18 years of age, regardless of gender, with an ECOG score of 0-2. Results: As of November 18, 2020, a total of 253 patients have been enrolled. Males accounted for 187 cases (74.2%). The ECOG PS score was 0 in 44 cases (17.3%), 1 in 162 cases (64.0%), and 2 in 47 cases (18.6%). There were 181 patients (71.5%) of stage IV, 96 patients (37.9%) of adenocarcinoma, and 98% of patients did not undergo PD-L1 testing. A history of radiotherapy accounted for 31.2%, and a history of surgery on the primary lesion accounted for 20.2%. Camrelizumab accounted for 29.6% of the first-line treatment, 27.2% of the second-line treatment, and 43.1% of the third-line and above. Camrelizumab monotherapy accounted for 20.1%, camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy accounted for 56.3%, combined anti-angiogenesis therapy accounted for 22.1%, and combined anti-angiogenesis + chemotherapy accounted for 1.5%. Among the 199 patients with evaluable efficacy, 4 were CR, 46 were PR, 116 were SD, and 33 were PD. The ORR reached 25.1% and the DCR reached 83.4%. The overall adverse event rate was 33.7%, the major adverse event RCCEP rate was 22.6%, appetite loss was 5%, and fatigue was 3.5%. There were 4 cases (2%) of RCCEP with adverse events greater than or equal to grade 3. Conclusions: In this real-world study of lung cancer, most of the patients enrolled were patients with poor PS score and late stage, but the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab in patients with advanced lung cancer were still confirmed. The dominant population and combination therapy are still under study. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000034595.

Rock permeability is an essential factor for production prediction and economic evaluation, which is often measured based on core samples in laboratory. However, several phenomena such as stress creep and path-dependent stress still present difficulties in correctly measuring and interpreting permeability under varying compaction stresses for core measurements. In this study, an improved stress-dependent permeability model is proposed to consider the effect of time-dependent compaction behavior on permeability measurements by incorporating the stress creep mechanism. Besides, how to correctly interpret stress-dependent permeability results with effective stress coefficient is introduced in detail. A coupled flow-geomechanics model is also developed to investigate the impact of effective stress coefficient on permeability change and cumulative production. Due to the stress creep phenomenon, rock permeability could be significantly overestimated if not enough measurement time is provided. The creep strain is highly related to the content of clay and kerogen. This is because the increasing creep strain over time is mainly from the closure of pre-existed micro-fractures and the compression of Nano-pores inside the soft materials, such as clay and kerogen. The creep strain model and improved stress-dependent permeability model were validated by comparing with multiple experimental data. Effective stress coefficient cannot be simply assumed one for organic-rich or clay-rich shale reservoirs, especially when pore pressure is changed to alter net effective stress in permeability measurements. A large effective stress coefficient amplifies the sensitivity of pore pressure change on the variation of both effective stress and permeability. The simulation results show a larger effective stress coefficient could provide higher cumulative production because of stronger compression from effective stress. The improved knowledge of stress creep and effective stress coefficient enables the development of best practices for permeability measurement of tight rock and provides more accurate permeability results for reservoir management and field development.

A superparamagnetic nanogel featured with a logic “and”-type pH/reduction combinational stimulated release mode was fabricated as a drug delivery system by virtue of parallel crosslinking. The disulfide bond and electrostatic interaction between thiolated alginate (SA–SH) and thiolated/aminated iron oxide nanoparticles (SH–MION–NH 2 ) were employed to achieve the mechanism. The obtained DOX-loaded magnetic nanogel is 122.7 ± 20.3 nm in size with superparamagnetism. The combinational conditions of pH 5.0/10 mM glutathione (GSH) stimulated a significantly high accumulative release. However, either pH 7.4/10 mM (GSH) or pH 5.0 alone induced much low release. This verified the typical logic “and”-type combinationally stimulated release mode. In vitro cytotoxicity tests clearly illustrated the effective selectivity of killing the human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) with IC 50 of 1.01 μg/mL and the human hepatoma cells (HepG2) with IC 50 of 1.57 μg/mL but significantly low cytotoxicity to the cercopithecus aethiops kidney cells (Vero). CLSM presented the internationalization of the nanogel into cytoplasm and nuclei with time. In vivo investigation revealed that the selective intratumoral accumulation and antitumor efficacy were considerably advantageous over free DOX whereas low systemic toxicity exhibited up-regulated security as compared to free DOX. Overall, the DOX-loaded magnetic nanogel with enhanced antitumor efficacy and down-regulated adverse effect was a promising nanoplatform for the clinical chemotherapy of malignancy.

Metals are thought to have profound effects on the internal structures of molecular clouds in which stars are born. The absence of metals is expected to prevent gas from efficient cooling and fragmentation in theory. However, this effect has not yet been observed at low metallicity environments, such as in the early Universe and local dwarf galaxies, because of the lack of high spatial resolution maps of gas. We carried out ALMA observations of the carbon monoxide (CO) J=2-1 emission line at 1.4-parsec resolutions of a molecular cloud in DDO 70 at 7% solar metallicity, the most metal-poor galaxy currently known with a CO detection. In total, five clumps have been identified and they are found to follow more or less the Larson's law. Since the CO emission exists in regions with visual extinction A_V around 1.0, we converted this A_V to the gas mass surface density using a gas-to-dust ratio of 4,594+-2,848 for DDO 70. We found that the CO clumps in DDO 70 exhibit significantly larger (on average four times) sizes than those at the same gas mass surface densities in massive star-formation regions of the Milky Way. The existence of such large clumps appears to be consistent with theoretical expectations that gas fragmentation in low metallicity clouds is suppressed. While our observation is only for one cloud in the galaxy, if it is representative, the above result implies suppressed gas fragmentation during the cloud collapse and star formation in the early Universe., Comment: ApJ in press, 8 figures

We test for the existence of a general factor of personality self-reports in HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) facet scales, using two samples of persons who responded under normal conditions and two samples of persons who responded under conditions in which at least some participants would perceive some incentive to describe themselves favorably. Using bi-factor (or nested factor) modeling, we found that a truly general factor was not obtained in the “normal conditions” samples; instead, the putative general factor was a broad variant of Extraversion, leaving a smaller residual Extraversion factor. Moreover, the fit of the general factor model in these samples was poorer than that of a more parsimonious “blended variable” model that incorporated secondary loadings instead of a general factor. In the samples whose participants had some incentive to “fake good”, a truly general factor was obtained, and the fit of the general factor model was at least as good as that of the blended factor model. These results suggest that a general factor of personality self-reports does not typically emerge from HEXACO-PI-R facet scores obtained under normal conditions of responding and therefore that such a factor obtained under other conditions is not a general factor of personality.

Canolol (4-vinylsyringol), extracted form crude canola oil, is the promising drug toward cancer prevention and treatment. The current studies focus on the role of COX-2 signaling pathway in canolol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. It is still unknown whether mitochondria and MAPK signaling pathways are involved. To elucidate the roles of above signaling pathways in canolol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, human cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa and HeLa xenograft tumor model are adopted. Canolol induced apoptosis of HeLa cells and inhibited tumor growth with low systemic adverse effect, accompanying with excess generation of intracellular ROS and lysosome rupture. The results in vitro and in vivo confirmed that MAPK signaling pathways mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway activation were involved in canolol-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, these data showed that canolol induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through ROS-MAPK mediated mitochondrial signaling pathway, providing a view of the potential application of canolol as an anticancer agent.

Canolol (CAO) is a main phenolic compound with remarkable antioxidative properties that is generated in rapeseed oil during microwave pressing. The objective of this study was to identify the protective effect of CAO in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-triggered oxidative stress and reveal the role of the p38 MAPK pathway during the protective process. CAO treatment showed an observable cytoprotective effect. Results showed that CAO significantly improved H2O2-stimulated cell death, and diminished ROS production and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Moreover, CAO increased glutathione (GSH) content and promoted the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). As a result, apoptosis was ameliorated and depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential was restored. Western blotting analysis demonstrated CAO downregulated the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Notably, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by CAO in H2O2-induced apoptosis, which was confirmed by its inhibitor (SB203580). Taken together, our study demonstrated the pivotal role of the p38 MAPK pathway in the cytoprotective effect of CAO on oxidative stress-induced cell damage, suggesting CAO is a promising antioxidant in food and health-related fields.

A surfactant-free and organic solvent-free one-pot method was utilized for the preparation of a pH-responsive alginate nanogel (pH-AN). Simply by mixing anionic sodium alginate (SA) with cationic doxorubicin (DOX) through electrostatic interactions, followed by in situ crosslinking with ionic calcium under ultrasound, a DOX-loaded pH-AN was obtained. The sizes of the nanogels can be tailored by varying the concentration of SA, the ratio of SA to ionic calcium and DOX. The nanogel was measured with a size range of 210 nm, and a polydispersity index of 0.208, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. In vitro release profiles showed a significantly higher accumulative release at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4, exhibiting apparent acid responsiveness. In vitro cytotoxicity tests clearly illustrated the remarkable inhibition to the growth of HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 0.26 μg mL−1. In contrast, NIH 3T3 cells displayed high tolerance. The plain nanogel exclusive of DOX was practically non-toxic. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observation demonstrated that DOX was efficiently internalized into HeLa cells through endocytosis, released into the cytoplasm, and then principally entered the nuclei. It is clearly suggested that a green and facile method was proposed to achieve a pH-responsive nanogel carrier for the delivery of drugs.

A charge reversible, magnetic-targeted, and pH-responsive nano therapy system assembled from citraconic-modified dextran (Dex–COOH), glycine-stabilized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION–NH2), and doxorubicin (DOX) through electrostatic interaction was designed for delivering therapeutics to tumor cells. Dex–COOH was first synthesized to build the pH-sensitive citraconic amide bond and further render charge reversal upon the cleavage of the linkage. The SPION–NH2 anchored in the nanocarrier endows the carrier with magnetic migration. The vibrating sample magnetometer analysis exhibits the superparamagnetic behavior, and the magnetic saturation value is estimated to be 39.6 emu (g Fe)−1. The change of size and the reversal of zeta potential from negative to positive in acidic environment confirmed these expected responsibilities. The DOX-loaded nanocarriers contain DOX up to 13.0 wt%. An in vitro release profile demonstrated an efficient DOX release of 80 % at pH 5.0 while of 27 % at pH 6.8 and 13 % at pH 7.4, suggesting a pH-induced release mechanism. Microscopic images of Prussian blue staining, quantification of cellular iron and protein concentration displayed apparent iron uptake by HeLa cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy observations revealed that the nanocarriers could efficiently deliver and release DOX into the nuclei of HeLa cells. MTT assays testified that DOX-loaded nanocarrier exhibited high anti-tumor activity with IC50 of 0.7 μg mL−1, while plain nanocarriers were practically non-toxic. This drug delivery system has shown the ability to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy and to reduce the side effects, indicating great potential for delivery of drugs to the targeted sites in patients.

We report two-dimensional spectroscopic analysis of massive red spiral galaxies ($M_{*}$ $>$ 10$^{10.5}$ $M_{\odot}$) and compare them to blue spiral and red elliptical galaxies above the same mass limit based on the public SDSS DR15 MaNGA observations. We find that the stellar population properties of red spiral galaxies are more similar to those of elliptical galaxies than to blue spiral galaxies. Red spiral galaxies show a shallow mass-weighted age profile, and they have higher stellar metallicity and Mgb/${\rm \langle Fe \rangle}$ across the whole 1.5$R_{\rm e}$ as compared to blue spirals, but all these properties are close to those of elliptical galaxies. One scenario to explain this is that red spirals form as remnants of very gas-rich major mergers that happened above $z$$\sim$1., 10 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL

A platform that incorporates computational library design, parallel solution-phase synthesis, continuous flow hydrogenation, and automated high throughput purification and reformatting technologies was applied to the production of a 120-member library of 1-aryl-4-aminopiperidine analogues for drug discovery screening. The application described herein demonstrates the advantages of computational library design coupled with a flexible, modular approach to library synthesis. The enabling technologies described can be readily adopted by the traditional medicinal chemist without extensive training and lengthy process development times.