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The negative impacts of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2 emissions, have garnered widespread attention. Various old residential areas in China, built more than 20 years ago, have been undergoing urgent transformation to improve citizens’ quality of life, which may significantly reduce carbon emissions. This study developed a carbon emissions accounting framework for residential areas to account the emissions impact of residential transformation. The framework addressed the inventory classifications of landscape greening, residential buildings, water resources, solid waste, infrastructure and transportation. The consumption-based calculation model and bottom-up data collection methods were used. The results show that the transformation of two old residential areas achieved considerable carbon reductions of 17.16% and 33.37% in South and North China, respectively. The macro guidance of local policies, specifically those regarding local urban infrastructure construction, significantly aided the carbon emissions reductions. Based on the calculation results, a list of recommended technologies was proposed to reduce carbon emissions, and four measures (adding greening, improving the garbage recovery rate, separating rain and sewage and transforming envelope structures for energy savings in northern China) were recommended to promote low carbon development in residential areas.

Some properties of the constant in asymptotic expansion of iterates of a cubic function were investigated. This paper analyzed the monotonicity, differentiability of the constant with respect to the initial value and the functional equation that is satisfied.

Most of the seismic codes currently used are based on isolated earthquakes, whereas most earthquakes are seismic sequences acting repeatedly. In contrast to isolated earthquake scenarios, seismic sequences involve a series of seismic events, including a mainshock followed by aftershocks, suggesting that seismic sequences can reflect the structural damage accurately. This paper investigated the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames equipped with energy dissipation bays (EDBs) subjected to seismic sequences. It was demonstrated that the EDBs perform well in protecting main frames from isolated earthquakes of a certain magnitude, and the seismic sequences did not worsen the main frames' plastic damage. However, when the magnitude exceeded a certain threshold, the EDBs began to lose some of their protective capabilities, and the main frames' plastic damage from seismic sequences significantly increased. For the high strength steel frames equipped with EDBs, an approach that is more appropriate for estimating the residual damage of main frames in finite elements was suggested. The comparison results demonstrated the method's improved accuracy.

Abstract Background Chronic inflammation, reflected by an increased blood C-reactive protein (CRP) level, is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is involved in the development of renal anemia. This systematic review aims to investigate the impacts of CRP on the efficacy of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) in the treatment of renal anemia in patients with CKD. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), from their inception to May 19, 2022. We systematically reviewed evidence from randomized controlled trials using HIF-PHIs for renal anemia treatment. The mean difference (MD) in changes in hemoglobin concentration (∆Hb) before and after treatment served as the meta-analysis outcome, utilizing a random-effects model. We compared groups with CRP levels greater than or equal to the upper limit of normal (ULN) and less than the ULN. Additionally, further analysis was conducted in the CRP ≥ ULN group comparing HIF-PHIs and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). Results A total of 7 studies from 6 publications were included in the analysis. In the comparison between the CRP ≥ ULN group and the CRP

Plant-based foods have prevailed around the world, and various high-quality plant proteins have been explored and studied in recent years. Chia seeds have received extensive attention for their rich nutrients, with up to 20 % protein content. Protein in chia seed contains 18 essential and non-essential amino acids, which can be considered as an alternative plant protein source for individuals who are vegans and allergic to soy or gluten. This review provides an overview of the functional properties of chia seed protein and its fractions, focusing on solubility, water and oil absorption capacity, water and oil holding capacity, emulsifying, foaming as well as gelling properties. The chemical methods of chia seed protein processing using acidic or alkaline solutions, including purification and fractionation, are also discussed. The few literature studies on the application of chia protein, chia seeds or chia seed flour used in food production were exclusively investigated. Furthermore, the current challenges and future opportunities related to the economy, environment, and ethics render it the potential to become a main ingredient for plant-based foods are also thoroughly analysed.

IntroductionMental health challenges have still been widely pervasive among Chinese university students after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to explore mental health challenges encountered by Chinese university students in the post-pandemic era and explain causes to these challenges using a qualitative approach.MethodsWe conducted six focus group interviews with university students in Zhuhai, China, and altogether 61 students including 43 female students, and 18 male students participated in the study.ResultsOur results indicate that sleep difficulties, anxiety, and stress are the three primary mental health challenges experienced by students. Academic pressure, social influence including peer pressure and pursuit of social acceptance, and pandemic related policies and measures are the causes to the above mental health challenges.DiscussionThe results of this study will inform the development of mental health promotion, intervention, and education activities for university students to bolster their resilience and cope with mental health problems in the post-pandemic era. Meanwhile, our results could illuminate the services stakeholders provide to university students in the future.

Stability analysis and benefit estimation have substantial implications for lane-change decision-making to reduce delay and variation. Connected platoons drive with minor headway to increase capacity, whereas dividing or reforming platoons significantly impacts traveling efficiency. Therefore, this article focuses on the instability of the platoon caused by an en-route lane-change. Construction of platoon forming, combination rules, and car-following models for various vehicle types are presented to describe driving behaviours. Then, a velocity adjustment and a model for lane-change preparation and recovery are proposed. In addition, a group of stability recognition indexes and related stability evaluation factors are presented. Experiments involving numerical comparisons of the proposed factors are conducted to demonstrate the propagation properties of the instability and reveal the fluctuation degree. The variation duration, velocity variation range, and total delay are the primary indicators for evaluating lane-change feasibility. The models and findings can be applied effectively in practice to determine the optimal time and location for en-route lane-change and to assist with traffic management and lane selection at the entrance.

Abstract Indicine cattle, also referred to as zebu (Bos taurus indicus), play a central role in pastoral communities across a wide range of agro-ecosystems, from extremely hot semiarid regions to hot humid tropical regions. However, their adaptive genetic changes following their dispersal into East Asia from the Indian subcontinent have remained poorly documented. Here, we characterize their global genetic diversity using high-quality whole-genome sequencing data from 354 indicine cattle of 57 breeds/populations, including major indicine phylogeographic groups worldwide. We reveal their probable migration into East Asia was along a coastal route rather than inland routes and we detected introgression from other bovine species. Genomic regions carrying morphology-, immune-, and heat-tolerance-related genes underwent divergent selection according to Asian agro-ecologies. We identify distinct sets of loci that contain promising candidate variants for adaptation to hot semi-arid and hot humid tropical ecosystems. Our results indicate that the rapid and successful adaptation of East Asian indicine cattle to hot humid environments was promoted by localized introgression from banteng and/or gaur. Our findings provide insights into the history and environmental adaptation of indicine cattle.

Abstract Background Structural variations (SVs) in individual genomes are major determinants of complex traits, including adaptability to environmental variables. The Mongolian and Hainan cattle breeds in East Asia are of taurine and indicine origins that have evolved to adapt to cold and hot environments, respectively. However, few studies have investigated SVs in East Asian cattle genomes and their roles in environmental adaptation, and little is known about adaptively introgressed SVs in East Asian cattle. Results In this study, we examine the roles of SVs in the climate adaptation of these two cattle lineages by generating highly contiguous chromosome-scale genome assemblies. Comparison of the two assemblies along with 18 Mongolian and Hainan cattle genomes obtained by long-read sequencing data provides a catalog of 123,898 nonredundant SVs. Several SVs detected from long reads are in exons of genes associated with epidermal differentiation, skin barrier, and bovine tuberculosis resistance. Functional investigations show that a 108-bp exonic insertion in SPN may affect the uptake of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by macrophages, which might contribute to the low susceptibility of Hainan cattle to bovine tuberculosis. Genotyping of 373 whole genomes from 39 breeds identifies 2610 SVs that are differentiated along a “north–south” gradient in China and overlap with 862 related genes that are enriched in pathways related to environmental adaptation. We identify 1457 Chinese indicine-stratified SVs that possibly originate from banteng and are frequent in Chinese indicine cattle. Conclusions Our findings highlight the unique contribution of SVs in East Asian cattle to environmental adaptation and disease resistance.

Background Understanding the interaction between the mitral valve (MV) and the left ventricle (LV) is very important in assessing cardiac pump function, especially when the MV is dysfunctional. Such dysfunction is a major medical problem owing to the essential role of the MV in cardiac pump function. Computational modelling can provide new approaches to gain insight into the functions of the MV and LV.Methods In this study, a previously developed LV–MV model was used to study cardiac dynamics of MV leaflets under normal and pathological conditions, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and calcification of the valve. The coupled LV–MV model was implemented using a hybrid immersed boundary/finite element method to enable assessment of MV haemodynamic performance. Constitutive parameters of the HOCM and calcified valves were inversely determined from published experimental data. The LV compensation mechanism was further studied in the case of the calcified MV.Results Our results showed that MV dynamics and LV pump function could be greatly affected by MV pathology. For example, the HOCM case showed bulged MV leaflets at the systole owing to low stiffness, and the calcified MV was associated with impaired diastolic filling and much-reduced stroke volume. We further demonstrated that either increasing the LV filling pressure or increasing myocardial contractility could enable a calcified valve to achieve near-normal pump function.Conclusion The modelling approach developed in this study may deepen our understanding of the interactions between the MV and the LV and help in risk stratification of heart valve disease and in silico treatment planning by exploring intrinsic compensation mechanisms.

Abstract The efficiency of inducing human embryonic stem cells into NEUROG3+ pancreatic endocrine cells is a bottleneck in stem cell therapy for diabetes. To understand the cell properties and fate decisions during differentiation, we analyzed the modified induction method using single-cell transcriptome and found that DAPT combined with four factors (4FS): nicotinamide, dexamethasone, forskolin and Alk5 inhibitor II (DAPT + 4FS) increased the expression of NEUROG3 to approximately 34.3%. The increased NEUROG3+ cells were mainly concentrated in Insulin + Glucagon + (INS + GCG+) and SLAC18A1 + Chromogranin A+(SLAC18A1 + CHGA +) populations, indicating that the increased NEUROG3+ cells promoted the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine cells and enterochromaffin-like cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis provided valuable clues for further screening of pancreatic endocrine cells and differentiation of pancreatic islet cells. The gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggest that we can try to promote the expression of INS + GCG+ population by up-regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signals and down-regulating Wnt, NIK/NF-KappaB and cytokine-mediated signal pathways. We can also try to regulate GPCR signaling through PLCE1, so as to increase the proportion of NEUROG3+ cells in INS+GCG+ populations. To exclude non-pancreatic endocrine cells, ALCAMhigh CD9low could be used as a marker for endocrine populations, and ALCAMhigh CD9lowCDH1low could remove the SLC18A1 + CHGA+ population.

In this paper, konjac glucomannan (KGM) and curdlan (CUD) were used to prepare biomass aerogels with different mass ratios (KGM/CUD, K1C0.6, K1C0.9, K1C1.2) based on sol-gel and vacuum freeze-drying methods. The four dominant strains of Aspergillus niger (Fen), Penicillium expansum (L), P. italicum (B3) and Bacillus sp. (WE-3) were used to degrade the composite aerogel, and the degradation morphology, weight change, microscopic morphology, molecular change, thermal stability and strain growth adaptability were investigated. The results showed that the aerogels collapsed and shrinking with abundant thallus on the surface. During the degradation process of the aerogel, the water from the environment was absorbed by the hygroscopicity of KGM, and the degradation process would be accelerated. FTIR showed that the long chains of polysaccharides were degraded into short chains after degradation, and no new groups were produced. SEM pictures expressed that the porous structure of aerogel was destroyed and the three-dimensional network structure collapsed. DSC analysis showed that the thermal stability of aerogel significantly decreased. The fungi Fen, L and B3 were suitable for the growth of KC aerogel environment, while the bacteria WE-3 struggled to adapt. This research was expected to provide theoretical reference for the biodegradation of polysaccharide composites.

Abstract This paper attempts to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and market sentiment on the dynamics of USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CNY. We compose the market sentiment variable and incorporate the newly confirmed COVID-19 cases and sentiment variable into the traditional exchange rate forecasting model. We find that confirmed COVID-19 cases and sentiment variables in the US, Japan, UK, and China in the period of January 23rd, 2020 to September 14th, 2021 are significant in explaining the bilateral exchange rate movement. Recurrent neural network (RNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models outperform the other deep learning models and vector autoregressive (VAR) model in forecasting the bilateral exchange rate movement during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Further analysis using high-frequency intraday data and ensemble models shows that ensemble models significantly improve the accuracy of exchange rate prediction, as they are better at coping with the nonlinear and nonstationary features of exchange rate time series.

Calcified aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is caused by calcium buildup and tissue thickening that impede the blood flow from left ventricle (LV) to aorta. In recent years, CAVS has become one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanics of aortic valve (AV) caused by calcification. In this paper, based on a previous idealized AV model, the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element method (IB/FE) is used to study AV dynamics and hemodynamic performance under normal and calcified conditions. The computational CAVS model is realized by dividing the AV leaflets into a calcified region and a healthy region, and each is described by a specific constitutive equation. Our results show that calcification can significantly affect AV dynamics. For example, the elasticity and mobility of the leaflets decrease due to calcification, leading to a smaller opening area with a high forward jet flow across the valve. The calcified valve also experiences an increase in local stress and strain. The increased loading due to AV stenosis further leads to a significant increase in left ventricular energy loss and transvalvular pressure gradients. The model predicted hemodynamic parameters are in general consistent with the risk classification of AV stenosis in the clinic. Therefore, mathematical models of AV with calcification have the potential to deepen our understanding of AV stenosis-induced ventricular dysfunction and facilitate the development of computational engineering-assisted medical diagnosis in AV related diseases.

Abstract Hydrological modeling in the Third Pole remains challenging due to the complex topography and scarcity of in-situ precipitation observations. In this study, we assessed five satellite precipitation products (SPPs) including TRMM3B42, PERSIANN-CDR, GPM-IMERG, CMORPH, and GSMaP, and simulated daily streamflow in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB) with VIC model. The performance of SPPs was evaluated by CC, RB, RMSE, POD and FAR, to compare with daily observations. Overall, all SPPs showed decreasing trends of precipitation from east to west compared to 10 km rainfall data. PERSIANN had the highest values of POD (0.65), RB (91.6%) and FAR (0.59) but worst performed in streamflow. CMORPH, GPM and TRMM fit well with the observations annually but overestimate the precipitation in the southeast during wet seasons. Simulation from GPM and CMORPH yield satisfactory results (NSE of 0.86 and 0.82, RE of − 20% and − 13%, respectively), while TRMM outperformed GPM in modeling runoff with smaller relative error. Results indicated the potential of GPM and CMORPH in providing alternative rainfall information in YZRB. Accurate evaluation of multi-source SPPs and their hydrological utility in YZRB would benefit further hydrometeorological studies and water resources management in this area.

Abstract As a key parameter of hydrological process modeling, the near-surface air temperature lapse rate reflects the vertical changes in air temperature characteristics in alpine basins but often lacks the support of sufficient ground observation data. This study estimated the lapse rate of the Lhasa River Basin (LRB) from the monthly air temperature dataset (2001–2015), which was derived based on good relationships between the observed air temperature at eight gauged stations and the corresponding gridded land surface temperature of MODIS. The estimated annual average air temperature lapse rate was approximately 0.62 °C/100 m. The monthly lapse rate in different years varied seasonally in the range of 0.45–0.8 °C/100 m; the maximum was in May, and the relatively low value occurred from September to January. The snow cover in the zones with relatively low altitudes showed seasonal variation, which was consistent with the air temperature variation. Permanent snow cover appeared in the area above 5000 m and expanded with increasing elevation.

It is widely acknowledged that an imbalanced biomechanical environment can have significant effects on myocardial pathology, leading to adverse remodelling of cardiac function if it persists. Accurate stress prediction essentially depends on the strain energy function which should have competent descriptive and predictive capabilities. Previous studies have focused on myofibre dispersion, but not on fibres along other directions. In this study, we will investigate how fibre dispersion affects myocardial biomechanical behaviours by taking into account both the myofibre dispersion and the sheet fibre dispersion, with a focus on the sheet fibre dispersion. Fibre dispersion is incorporated into a widely-used myocardial strain energy function using the discrete fibre bundle approach. We first study how different dispersion affects the descriptive capability of the strain energy function when fitting to ex vivo experimental data, and then the predictive capability in a human left ventricle during diastole. Our results show that the chosen strain energy function can achieve the best goodness-of-fit to the experimental data by including both fibre dispersion. Furthermore, noticeable differences in stress can be found in the LV model. Our results may suggest that it is necessary to include both dispersion for myofibres and the sheet fibres for the improved descriptive capability to the ex vivo experimental data and potentially more accurate stress prediction in cardiac mechanics.

This work accompanies the first part of our study "effects of dispersed fibres in myocardial mechanics: Part I passive response" with a focus on myocardial active contraction. Existing studies have suggested that myofibre architecture plays an important role in myocardial active contraction. Following the first part of our study, we firstly study how the general fibre architecture affects ventricular pump function by varying the mean myofibre rotation angles, and then the impact of fibre dispersion along the myofibre direction on myocardial contraction in a left ventricle model. Dispersed active stress is described by a generalised structure tensor method for its computational efficiency. Our results show that both the myofibre rotation angle and its dispersion can significantly affect cardiac pump function by redistributing active tension circumferentially and longitudinally. For example, larger myofibre rotation angle and higher active tension along the sheet-normal direction can lead to much reduced end-systolic volume and higher longitudinal shortening, and thus a larger ejection fraction. In summary, these two studies together have demonstrated that it is necessary and essential to include realistic fibre structures (both fibre rotation angle and fibre dispersion) in personalised cardiac modelling for accurate myocardial dynamics prediction.

Existing offset optimization methods for signalized intersections are mainly focused on regular traffic flow, which cannot accommodate cars and public transit (e.g., Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)) simultaneously. This study proposes a delay prediction model to formulate the signal delay of BRT at intersections. The relation among the green wave bandwidth, signal timing plans, speed of the BRT vehicles, distance between the intersections, and the offset is also modeled. A combinatorial optimization model is then established, which takes the location planning of BRT stops and the offset of intersections at both directions along the artery as the decision variables. The proposed model is programmed with Mathematical Programming Language (AMPL) and solved efficiently by the Gurobi solver. The proposed optimization method is compared with seven different methods. The results show that the average BRT travel time is reduced by at least 19% and the green wave bandwidth is increased by around 30.2%. The importance of considering location planning of BRT stops when optimizing the offset is thereby verified.

ABSTRACT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequently associated with neurological deficits, but how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces these effects remains unclear. Here, we show that astrocytes are readily infected by SARS-CoV-2, but surprisingly, neuropilin-1, not angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), serves as the principal receptor mediating cell entry. Infection is further positively modulated by the two-pore segment channel 2 (TPC2) protein that regulates membrane trafficking and endocytosis. Astrocyte infection produces a pathological response closely resembling reactive astrogliosis characterized by elevated type I interferon (IFN) production, increased inflammation, and the decreased expression of transporters of water, ions, choline, and neurotransmitters. These combined events initiated within astrocytes produce a hostile microenvironment that promotes the dysfunction and death of uninfected bystander neurons. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily targets the lung but may also damage other organs, including the brain, heart, kidney, and intestine. Central nervous system (CNS) pathologies include loss of smell and taste, headache, delirium, acute psychosis, seizures, and stroke. Pathological loss of gray matter occurs in SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is unclear whether this is due to direct viral infection, indirect effects associated with systemic inflammation, or both. Here, we used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids and primary human astrocytes from the cerebral cortex to study direct SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings support a model where SARS-CoV-2 infection of astrocytes produces a panoply of changes in the expression of genes regulating innate immune signaling and inflammatory responses. The deregulation of these genes in astrocytes produces a microenvironment within the CNS that ultimately disrupts normal neuron function, promoting neuronal cell death and CNS deficits.

As a highly toxic contaminant, heavy metals have been proven to be widely distributed in the water and sediments of the global oceans, rivers, and lakes. Due to the functional differences in urban areas, the extent, characteristics, and hazards of heavy metal pollution in rivers are also different. To monitor and eliminate heavy metal pollution in rivers, indicators and hyperaccumulators perform crucial roles. In this study, heavy metal concentrations in the water, sediment, benthic faunae and aquatic plants of the Jiang'an River (which flows through Chengdu city, Sichuan Province, P.R. China) were investigated, followed by heavy metal correlation analysis of different media to identify potential bioindicator and hyperaccumulator. The results demonstrated that, none of the heavy metals were detected in the water. However, the 6 heavy metals in the surface sediments showed dramatic spatial regional differences, with Ni-As, Ni-Pb, Ni-Cr, Cr-Cu and Cr-Zn being highly significantly correlated. Furthermore, heavy metal contents in surface sediments were highly significantly correlated with the enrichment capacity of Eriocheir sinensis, Polypogon fugax, and Setaria viridis, and significantly correlated with Erigeron acer. Moreover, all plants were poorly enriched with Pb, which may be related to the morphology of Pb in the sediments. Besides, Eriocheir sinensis is a potential indicator of Zn and Cr in the sediments, and Erigeron acer is a possible Zn hyperaccumulator. This research confirms that heavy metals migrated in the water–sediment-benthic-plant system. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical foundation for river monitoring and administration in Chengdu city and Sichuan Province.

ABSTRACT HIV infects long-lived CD4 memory T cells, establishing a latent viral reservoir that necessitates lifelong antiretroviral therapy (ART). How this reservoir is formed so quickly after infection remains unclear. We now show the innate inflammatory response to HIV infection results in CCL2 chemokine release, leading to recruitment of cells expressing the CCR2 receptor, including a subset of central memory CD4 T cells. Supporting a role for the CCL2/CCR2 axis in rapid reservoir formation, we find (i) treatment of humanized mice with anti-CCL2 antibodies during early HIV infection decreases reservoir seeding and preserves CCR2/5+ cells and (ii) CCR2/5+ cells from the blood of HIV-infected individuals on long-term ART contain significantly more integrated provirus than CCR2/5-negative memory or naive cells. Together, these studies support a model where the host’s innate inflammatory response to HIV infection, including CCL2 production, leads to the recruitment of CCR2/5+ central memory CD4 T cells to zones of virus-associated inflammation, likely contributing to rapid formation of the latent HIV reservoir. IMPORTANCE There are currently over 35 million people living with HIV worldwide, and we still have no vaccine or scalable cure. One of the difficulties with HIV is its ability to rapidly establish a viral reservoir in lymphoid tissues that allows it to elude antivirals and the immune system. Thus, it is important to understand how HIV accomplishes this so we can develop preventive strategies. Our current results show that an early inflammatory response to HIV infection includes production of the chemokine CCL2, which recruits a unique subset of CCR2/5+ CD4+ T cells that become infected and form a significant reservoir for latent infection. Furthermore, we show that blockade of CCL2 in humanized mice significantly reduces persistent HIV infection. This information is relevant to the development of therapeutics to prevent and/or treat chronic HIV infections.

ObjectiveCollege students are one of the most vulnerable populations to the COVID-19 pandemic's mental health effects. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, we wanted to see how common depressive symptoms were among college students and what factors contributed to that.MethodsBetween 21 and 27 May 2021, 140,259 college students from three cities in Henan Province, China, were involved. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to determine depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for potential depressive symptom factors.ResultsMild depressive symptoms and above are present in 21.12% of college students. Women had a higher prevalence of mild depressive symptoms than men (61.38 vs. 59.75%), and depressive symptoms were most prevalent among rural students and least prevalent among city students (21.44 vs. 20.29%). Participants with depressive symptoms are also more likely to have a poor-behavioral status. From none-to-severe depressive symptoms, 78.88, 15.78, 2.80, 1.67, and 0.88% had them. Gender, residential location, and behavioral status were found to be associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study identified the factors that influence the prevalence of depression in college students. It found that the government should pay more attention to mental health issues affecting college students in combating the COVID-19 epidemic normalization.

Supercapacitors are widely used in various fields due to their high power density, fast charging and discharging speeds, and long service life. However, with the increasing demand for flexible electronics, integrated supercapacitors in devices are also facing more challenges, such as extensibility, bending stability, and operability. Despite many reports on stretchable supercapacitors, challenges still exist in their preparation process, which involves multiple steps. Therefore, we prepared stretchable conducting polymer electrodes by depositing thiophene and 3-methylthiophene on patterned 304 stainless steel (SS 304) through electropolymerization. The cycling stability of the prepared stretchable electrodes could be further improved by protecting them with poly(vinyl alcohol)/sulfuric acid (PVA/H2SO4) gel electrolyte. Specifically, the mechanical stability of the polythiophene (PTh) electrode was improved by 2.5%, and the stability of the poly(3-methylthiophene (P3MeT) electrode was improved by 7.0%. As a result, the assembled flexible supercapacitors maintained 93% of their stability even after 10,000 cycles of strain at 100%, which indicates potential applications in flexible electronics.

Text classification (TC) is an approach used for the classification of any kind of documents for the target category or out. In this paper, we implemented the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model in classifying English text and documents. Here we did two analytical experiments to check the selected classifiers using English documents. Experimental results performed on a set of 1033 text document present that the Rocchio classifier provides the best performance results when the size of the feature set is small while SVM outperforms the other classifiers. From the experimental analysis, we observed that the classification rate exceeds 90% when using more than 4000 features.

CD4 T lymphocytes belong to diverse cellular subsets whose sensitivity or resistance to HIV-associated killing remains to be defined. Working with lymphoid cells from human tonsils, we characterized the HIV-associated depletion of various CD4 T cell subsets using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq. CD4 T cell subsets preferentially killed by HIV are phenotypically distinct from those resistant to HIV-associated cell death, in a manner not fully accounted for by their susceptibility to productive infection. Preferentially-killed subsets express CXCR5 and CXCR4 while preferentially-infected subsets exhibit an activated and exhausted effector memory cell phenotype. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that the subsets of preferentially-killed cells express genes favoring abortive infection and pyroptosis. These studies emphasize a complex interplay between HIV and distinct tissue-based CD4 T cell subsets, and the important contribution of abortive infection and inflammatory programmed cell death to the overall depletion of CD4 T cells that accompanies untreated HIV infection.

Understanding the genetic diversity in Xiangxi cattle may facilitate our efforts toward further breeding programs. Here we compared 23 Xiangxi cattle with 78 published genomes of 6 worldwide representative breeds to characterize the genomic variations of Xiangxi cattle. Based on clustering models in population structure analysis, we displayed that Xiangxi cattle had a mutual genome ancestor with Chinese indicine, Indian indicine, and East Asian taurine. Population genetic diversity was analyzed by four methods (nucleotide diversity, inbreeding coefficient, linkage disequilibrium decay and runs of homozygosity), and we found that Xiangxi cattle had higher genomic diversity and weaker artificial selection than commercial breed cattle. Using four testing methods (θπ, CLR, FST, and XP-EHH), we explored positive selection regions harboring genes in Xiangxi cattle, which were related to reproduction, growth, meat quality, heat tolerance, and immune response. Our findings revealed the extent of sequence variation in Xiangxi cattle at the genome-wide level. All of our fruitful results can bring about a valuable genomic resource for genetic studies and breed protection in the future.

The diversity of livestock coat color results from human positive selection and is an indispensable part of breed registration. As an important biodiversity resource, Asiatic wild ass has many special characteristics, including the most visualized feature, its yellowish-brown coat color, and excellent adaptation. To explore the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic characteristics in Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids, we resequenced the whole genome of one Mongolian Kulan (a subspecies of Asiatic wild ass) and 29 Kulan hybrids (Mongolian Kulan ♂×Xinjiang♀), and the ancestor composition indicated the true lineage of the hybrids. XP-EHH (Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity), θπ-ratio (Nucleotide Diversity Ratio), CLR (Composite Likelihood Ratio) and θπ (Nucleotide Diversity) methods were used to detect the candidate regions of positive selection in Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids. Several immune genes (DEFA1, DEFA5, DEFA7, GIMAP4, GIMAP1, IGLC1, IGLL5, GZMB and HLA) were observed by the CLR and θπ methods. XP-EHH and θπ-ratio revealed that these genes are potentially responsible for coat color (KITLG) and meat quality traits (PDE1B and MYLK2). Furthermore, the heatmap was able to show the clear difference in the haplotype of the KITLG gene between the Kulan hybrids and Asiatic wild ass group and the Guanzhong black donkey group, which is a powerful demonstration of the key role of KITLG in donkey color. Therefore, our study may provide new insights into the genetic basis of coat color, meat quality traits and immunity of Asiatic wild ass and its hybrids.

In a routine cataract operation cornea tissue may be damaged when an intra-ocular lens (IOL) injector of diameter between 1.467 and 2.011 mm is inserted through an empirically designed 2.2 mm corneal incision. We aimed to model and estimate the minimal length of the incision required to avoid wound tear. It was assumed that the damage was caused by tissue fracture at the tips of the incision, and this fracture could be studied using damage and fracture mechanics. The criterion of the damage was caused by a tear governed by the critical energy release rate (ERR) Gc, which is tissue dependent. Analytical and numerical studies were both conducted indicating the possibility of a safe and effective incision in cataract surgery. Six commonly used IOL injection systems were examined. Our results suggested that the recommended 2.2 mm incision cannot be treated as a universal threshold. Quicker IOL insertion may reduce wound damage. It was also recommended to advance IOL injector via its minor axis, and to cut the tear preferably along the circumferential direction due to tissue orthotropy. This study provides useful information and a deeper insight into the potential for mechanical damage to the corneal wound in cataract surgery.

Green and energy-saving reforms, which use protection as a precondition, can, not only reduce a building’s energy use but also improve its level of comfort. Such reforms can also adapt to the new demands of modern society while extending the life of traditional architecture. Therefore, this research chose a classical, traditional house in Hangzhou Zhejiang, China, as a transformation object – attempting to implement low-cost, energy-saving technology. The building’s energy consumption and level of comfort before and after the transformation have been simulated and measured to compare the effects of the transformation. The authors hope this research will provide insights into green and energy-saving reform technology and aid the sustainable development of traditional houses.

A comprehensive understanding of molecular clumps is essential for investigating star formation. We present an algorithm for molecular clump detection, called FacetClumps. This algorithm uses a morphological approach to extract signal regions from the original data. The Gaussian facet model is employed to fit the signal regions, which enhances the resistance to noise and the stability of the algorithm in diverse overlapping areas. The introduction of the extremum determination theorem of multivariate functions offers theoretical guidance for automatically locating clump centers. To guarantee that each clump is continuous, the signal regions are segmented into local regions based on gradient, and then the local regions are clustered into the clump centers based on connectivity and minimum distance to identify the regional information of each clump. The experiments conducted with both simulated and synthetic data demonstrate that FacetClumps exhibits great recall and precision rates, small location error and flux loss, and a high consistency between the region of detected clump and that of simulated clump, and the experiments demonstrate that FacetClumps is generally stable in various environments. Notably, the recall rate of FacetClumps in the synthetic data, which comprises ^13 CO ( J = 1−0) emission line of the MWISP within 11.°7 ≤ l ≤ 13.°4, 0.°22 ≤ b ≤ 1.°05, and 5 km s ^−1 ≤ v ≤ 35 km s ^−1 and simulated clumps, reaches 90.2%. Additionally, FacetClumps demonstrates satisfactory performance when applied to observational data.

Four novel isoindigo–thiophene D–A–D–type precursors are synthesized by Stille coupling and electrosynthesized to yield corresponding hybrid polymers with favorable electrochemical and electrochromic performances. Intrinsic structure–property relationships of precursors and corresponding polymers, including surface morphology, band gaps, electrochemical properties, and electrochromic behaviors, are systematically investigated. The resultant isoindigo–thiophene D–A–D–type polymer combines the merits of isoindigo and polythiophene, including the excellent stability of isoindigo–based polymers and the extraordinary electrochromic stability of polythiophene. The low onset oxidation potential of precursors ranges from 1.10 to 1.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl, contributing to the electrodeposition of high–quality polymer films. Further kinetic studies illustrate that isoindigo–thiophene D–A–D–type polymers possess favorable electrochromic performances, including high optical contrast (53%, 1000 nm), fast switching time (0.8 s), and high coloration efficiency (124 cm2 C−1). These features of isoindigo–thiophene D–A–D–type conjugated polymers could provide a possibility for rational design and application as electrochromic materials.

Based on data analysis of 9649 Chinese primary NSCLC patients, we calculated the exact proportion of EGFR subtypes in NSCLC and evaluated the TMB level, PD-L1 expression level and tumor immune microenvironment among different EGFR mutation subtypes. Postoperative follow-up data for 98 patients were collected and analyzed. The results showed that several uncommon EGFR mutation subtypes have a higher proportion of TMB-high or strong positive PD-L1 expression than the total EGFR mutation group. In addition, different subtypes have different characteristics related to the immune microenvironment, such as G719 mutations being associated with more CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors; except for EGFR 19del, CD8+ T cell infiltration into tumors of other EGFR mutation subtypes were similar to that of wildtype EGFR. Moreover, follow-up results revealed that components of the immune microenvironment have prognostic value for NSCLC patients, with different prognostic biomarkers for NSCLC patients with and without EGFR mutations. These results suggest that patients with different EGFR mutations need to be treated differently. The prognosis of NSCLC patients may be assessed through components of tumor immune microenvironment, and ICIs treatment may be considered for those with some uncommon EGFR mutation subtypes.

T and natural killer (NK) cells are effector cells with key roles in anti-HIV immunity, including in lymphoid tissues, the major site of HIV persistence. However, little is known about the features of these effector cells from people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly from those who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute infection. Our study design was to use 42-parameter CyTOF to conduct deep phenotyping of paired blood- and lymph node (LN)-derived T and NK cells from three groups of HIV+ aviremic individuals: elite controllers (N = 5), and ART-suppressed individuals who had started therapy during chronic (N = 6) vs. acute infection (N = 8), the latter of which is associated with better outcomes. We found that acute-treated individuals are enriched for specific subsets of T and NK cells, including blood-derived CD56-CD16+ NK cells previously associated with HIV control, and LN-derived CD4+ T follicular helper cells with heightened expansion potential. An in-depth comparison of the features of the cells from blood vs. LNs of individuals from our cohort revealed that T cells from blood were more activated than those from LNs. By contrast, LNs were enriched for follicle-homing CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells, which expressed increased levels of inhibitory receptors and markers of survival and proliferation as compared to their CXCR5- counterparts. In addition, a subset of memory-like CD56brightTCF1+ NK cells was enriched in LNs relative to blood. These results together suggest unique T and NK cell features in acute-treated individuals, and highlight the importance of examining effector cells not only in blood but also the lymphoid tissue compartment, where the reservoir mostly persists, and where these cells take on distinct phenotypic features.

Abstract Background Manganese (Mn) participates in lipid metabolism. However, the associations between Mn exposure and dyslipidaemia is unclear. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the 2017 the Mn-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC). Finally, 803 occupationally Mn-exposed workers included in the study. The workers were divided into two groups. The grouping of this study was based on Mn-Time Weighted Averages (Mn-TWA). The high-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA greater than 0.15 mg/m3. The low-exposure group included participants with Mn-TWA less than or equal to 0.15 mg/m3. Mn-TWA levels and dyslipidaemia were assessed. Results After adjustment for seniority, sex, cigarette consumption, alcohol consumption, high-fat diet frequency, medicine intake in the past two weeks, egg intake frequency, drinking tea, WHR, and hypertension, Mn-TWA levels was negatively correlated with high triglycerides (TG) risk in workers overall (OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.73; p

While mRNA vaccines are proving highly efficacious against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to determine how booster doses and prior infection influence the immune defense they elicit, and whether they protect against variants. Focusing on the T cell response, we conducted a longitudinal study of infection-naïve and COVID-19 convalescent donors before vaccination and after their first and second vaccine doses, using a high-parameter CyTOF analysis to phenotype their SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Vaccine-elicited spike-specific T cells responded similarly to stimulation by spike epitopes from the ancestral, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variant strains, both in terms of cell numbers and phenotypes. In infection-naïve individuals, the second dose boosted the quantity and altered the phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells, while in convalescents the second dose changed neither. Spike-specific T cells from convalescent vaccinees differed strikingly from those of infection-naïve vaccinees, with phenotypic features suggesting superior long-term persistence and ability to home to the respiratory tract including the nasopharynx. These results provide reassurance that vaccine-elicited T cells respond robustly to emerging viral variants, confirm that convalescents may not need a second vaccine dose, and suggest that vaccinated convalescents may have more persistent nasopharynx-homing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells compared to their infection-naïve counterparts.

Flexible strain sensor as a measurement tool plays a significant role in agricultural development by long-term stable monitoring of the dynamic progress of plant growth. However, existing strain sensors still suffer from severe drawbacks, such as large hysteresis, insufficient fatigue resistance, and inferior stability, limiting their broad applications in the long-term monitoring of plant growth. Herein, we fabricate a novel conductive hydrogel strain sensor which is achieved through uniformly dispersing the conductive activated charcoal (AC) in high-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution forming a continuous conductive network and simple preparation by freezing-thawing. The as-prepared strain sensor demonstrates low hysteresis (−2), and long-term sensing stability upon mechanical cycling. We further exhibit the integration and application of PVA-AC strain sensor to monitor the growth of plants for 14 days. This work may offer an effective strategy for monitoring plant growth with conductive hydrogel strain sensor, facilitating the advancement of agriculture.

Comprehending the impacts of climate change on regional hydrology and future projections of water supplies is of great value to manage the water resources in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB). However, large uncertainties from both input data and the model itself exert obstacles to accurate projections. In this work, a hydrological modeling framework was established over the YZRB linking the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) with an empirical formulation, called the degree-day glacier-melt scheme (VIC–Glacier). The model performance was evaluated through three aspects, including streamflow, snow cover area, and glacier area. Nine GCM models and three emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5) in CMIP6 were chosen to drive the calibrated VIC–Glacier model. The results showed that both precipitation and temperature resulted in an increase of around 25% and 13%, respectively, in multi-year average runoff from June to September, under SSP5-8.5 and SSP1-2.6. The precipitation runoff was projected to increase, as compensation for the decrease of glacier runoff and snow runoff by the end of the 21st century. An apparent increasing trend in the runoff was expected over the YZRB before 2050 and after the year 2060 under SSP 5-8.5, with a steeply decreasing trend from 2050 to 2060, and a negligible decreasing trend under SSP1-2.6 from 2020 to 2060, in contrast to an increasing trend from 2060 to 2100.

Dehong humped cattle are precious livestock resources of Yunnan Province, China; they have typical zebu traits. Here, we investigated their genetic characteristics using whole-genome resequencing data of Dehong humped animals (n = 18). When comparing our data with the publicly-available data, we found that Dehong humped cattle have high nucleotide diversity. Based on clustering models in a population structure analysis, Dehong humped cattle had a mutual genome ancestor with Chinese and Indian indicine cattle. While using the RFMix method, it is speculated that the body sizes of Dehong humped cattle were influenced by the Chinese indicine segments and that the immune systems of Dehong humped cattle were affected by additional ancestral segments (Indian indicine). Furthermore, we explored the position selection regions harboring genes in the Dehong humped cattle, which were related to heat tolerance (FILIP1L, ABHD6) and immune responses (GZMM, PRKCZ, STOML2, LRBA, PIK3CD). Notably, missense mutations were detected in the candidate gene ABHD6 (c.870C>A p.Asp290Glu; c.987C>A p.Ser329Arg). The missense mutations may have implications for Dehong humped cattle adaptation to hot environments. This study provides valuable genomic resource data at the genome-wide level and paves the way for future genetic breeding work in the Dehong humped cattle.

Built on the hybrid immersed boundary/finite element (IB/FE) method, fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations of aortic valve (AV) dynamics are performed with three different constitutive laws and two different fiber architectures for the AV leaflets. An idealized AV model is used and mounted in a straight tube, and a three-element Windkessel model is further attached to the aorta. After obtaining ex vivo biaxial tensile testing of porcine AV leaflets, we first determine the constitutive parameters of the selected three constitutive laws by matching the analytical stretch–stress relations derived from constitutive laws to the experimentally measured data. Both the average error and relevant R-squared value reveal that the anisotropic non-linear constitutive law with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions could be more suitable for characterizing the mechanical behaviors of the AV leaflets. We then thoroughly compare the simulation results from both structural mechanics and hemodynamics. Compared to the other two constitutive laws, the anisotropic non-linear constitutive law with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions shows the larger leaflet displacements at the opened state, the largest forward jet flow, the smaller regurgitant flow. We further analyze hemodynamic parameters of the six different cases, including the regurgitant fraction, the mean transvalvular pressure gradient, the effective orifice area, and the energy loss of the left ventricle. We find that the fiber architecture with body-fitted orientation shows better dynamic behaviors in the leaflets, especially with the constitutive law using exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions. In conclusion, both constitutive laws and fiber architectures can affect AV dynamics. Our results further suggest that the strain energy function with exponential terms for both the fiber and cross-fiber directions could be more suitable for describing the AV leaflet mechanical behaviors. Future experimental studies are needed to identify competent constitutive laws for the AV leaflets and their associated fiber orientations with controlled experiments. Although limitations exist in the present AV model, our results provide important information for selecting appropriate constitutive laws and fiber architectures when modeling AV dynamics.

Considering the fact that wind turbines operate at the bottom of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) where the turbulence is at a high level, and the difficulty of mesh generation in the fully modelled numerical simulation. It is necessary to carry out researches to study the wake flow of wind turbines with consideration of the inflow turbulence. Therefore, a numerical method generating turbulence was proposed and the results show good agreement with those in experiment, based on which the flow fields in the wake of a wind turbine at two tip speed ratios were examined in detail through three actuator methods, namely, ADM, ADM-R and ALM. The performances of these methods were studied and the error sources for each method are clarified. Moreover, the computational efficiency was revealed and the influencing factor for the efficiency is concluded. Besides, the equilibrium relation of the N-S equation in the wake is revealed, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal arrangement of the wind turbine. It shows that the mean velocity and fluctuating velocity vary greatly near the wind turbine, and become stable gradually away from the wind turbine. The results of ALM method show the best agreement with the experiment. At near wake region, the turbulent stress term, pressure gradient term and convection term mainly contribute to the equation equilibrium, and convection term is in equilibrium with the turbulent stress term at far wake. The results of ALM method are the most accurate and the most time consuming.

Background: Human are widely exposed to multiple metals, some of which have suspected reproductive toxicity, but no human studies have investigated the developmental effects of prenatal metal exposure. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the associations between prenatal multiple metal exposure and reproductive development in boys at 2–3 years using multi-pollutant approach. Methods: This prospective study used data of 564 mother–child pairs recruited from the Guangxi Birth Cohort Study. Twenty serum metal concentrations were measured. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression was used to identify independent associations between prenatal multiple metal exposure and testicular volume (TV), and anogenital distance (AGD). Adjusted estimates were then obtained using multiple linear regression analysis, and the regression tree method was used to explore the interactions. Results: Boys in the highest quartile of prenatal lead exposure had a 0.064 mL (95% CI: −0.124, −0.004) smaller ln-transformed TV, 0.060 cm (95% CI: −0.110, −0.011) shorter ln-transformed anopenile distance (AGDap), and 0.115 cm (95% CI: −0.190, −0.039) shorter ln-transformed anoscrotal distance (AGDas) than boys in the lowest quartile (all Ptrend

Wind tunnel tests are a commonly used method for studying wind characteristics of complex terrain; but truncation of the terrain model is usually unavoidable and affects the accuracy of the test results. For this reason, the effects of truncated and original terrain models on the simulation of wind characteristics for complex terrain were investigated by considering both nontruncated and truncated models, with the truncated model considering the applicability of two types of transition sections. The results show that the effect of topographic truncation on profiles of mean velocity and turbulence intensity is different for regions and that inclination angle profiles are extremely sensitive to the changing topographic features upwind. In those cases, the spectra of streamwise velocity were overestimated in the low-frequency range but underestimated in the high-frequency range due to topographic truncation. At the same time, the less negative value of the slope of the spectra was found at the inertial subrange. Furthermore, the normalized bandwidth was also influenced by topographic truncation, which was narrowed in windward and leeward regions and broadened in the valley region. We should note that the performance of the transition sections used in this study was quite limited and even resulted in inaccuracies in the simulation.

Summary: Convalescing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients mount robust T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting an important role of T cells in viral clearance. To date, the phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells remain poorly defined. Using 38-parameter CyTOF, we phenotyped longitudinal specimens of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from nine individuals who recovered from mild COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells were exclusively Th1 cells and predominantly Tcm cells with phenotypic features of robust helper function. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells were predominantly Temra cells in a state of less terminal differentiation than most Temra cells. Subsets of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells express CD127, can proliferate homeostatically, and can persist for over 2 months. Our results suggest that long-lived and robust T cell immunity is generated following natural SARS-CoV-2 infection and support an important role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in host control of COVID-19.

The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. As latently infected cells cannot be phenotyped directly, the features of the in vivo reservoir have remained elusive. Here, we describe a method that leverages high-dimensional phenotyping using CyTOF to trace latently infected cells reactivated ex vivo to their original pre-activation states. Our results suggest that, contrary to common assumptions, the reservoir is not randomly distributed among cell subsets, and is remarkably conserved between individuals. However, reservoir composition differs between tissues and blood, as do cells successfully reactivated by different latency reversing agents. By selecting 8–10 of our 39 original CyTOF markers, we were able to isolate highly purified populations of unstimulated in vivo latent cells. These purified populations were highly enriched for replication-competent and intact provirus, transcribed HIV, and displayed clonal expansion. The ability to isolate unstimulated latent cells from infected individuals enables previously impossible studies on HIV persistence.

The female reproductive tract (FRT) is the most common site of infection during HIV transmission to women, but viral remodeling complicates characterization of cells targeted for infection. Here, we report extensive phenotypic analyses of HIV-infected endometrial cells by CyTOF, and use a ‘nearest neighbor’ bioinformatics approach to trace cells to their original pre-infection phenotypes. Like in blood, HIV preferentially targets memory CD4+ T cells in the endometrium, but these cells exhibit unique phenotypes and sustain much higher levels of infection. Genital cell remodeling by HIV includes downregulating TCR complex components and modulating chemokine receptor expression to promote dissemination of infected cells to lymphoid follicles. HIV also upregulates the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC5, which when blocked promotes death of infected endometrial cells. These results suggest that HIV remodels genital T cells to prolong viability and promote viral dissemination and that interfering with these processes might reduce the likelihood of systemic viral spread.

The primary reservoir for HIV is within memory CD4+ T cells residing within tissues, yet the features that make some of these cells more susceptible than others to infection by HIV is not well understood. Recent studies demonstrated that CCR5-tropic HIV-1 efficiently enters tissue-derived memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD127, the alpha chain of the IL7 receptor, but rarely completes the replication cycle. We now demonstrate that the inability of HIV to replicate in these CD127-expressing cells is not due to post-entry restriction by SAMHD1. Rather, relative to other memory T cell subsets, these cells are highly prone to undergoing latent infection with HIV, as revealed by the high levels of integrated HIV DNA in these cells. Host gene expression profiling revealed that CD127-expressing memory CD4+ T cells are phenotypically distinct from other tissue memory CD4+ T cells, and are defined by a quiescent state with diminished NFκB, NFAT, and Ox40 signaling. However, latently-infected CD127+ cells harbored unspliced HIV transcripts and stimulation of these cells with anti-CD3/CD28 reversed latency. These findings identify a novel subset of memory CD4+ T cells found in tissue and not in blood that are preferentially targeted for latent infection by HIV, and may serve as an important reservoir to target for HIV eradication efforts.