Search

In the ongoing quest to develop lithium‐ion batteries with superior capacity and enhanced safety, the focus has shifted toward all‐solid‐state batteries (SSBs) and nickel‐rich cathode materials. Despite their promise, these technologies face significant interface challenges, notably poor contact and low ion transport efficiency, leading to substantial stability issues. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of both the advantages and the challenges associated with all‐solid‐state batteries. In addition, it discusses the benefits of single‐crystal application in SSBs, in terms of their kinetic performance, mechanical properties, and stability. The review concludes by proposing various strategies to optimize single‐crystal technologies, targeting the development of efficient nickel‐rich single‐crystal materials for use in all‐solid‐state batteries. These approaches offer the potential to address the core challenges currently faced by SSBs and pave the way for the next generation of high‐performance batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a small phase angle resonant controller (SPARC) is designed to suppress the current harmonics in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, the analytical model of the PMSM is established. Second, a SPARC is designed to improve the problem of the overly large phase angle of the resonant controller at the resonant frequency. Third, the frequency error caused by the SPARC discretisation is compensated online. Finally, an experimental platform is built for the PMSM harmonic suppression, and the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through a comparison with the method of motor control using quasi‐resonant controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt complexes have previously been reported to exhibit high faradaic efficiency in reducing CO2 to CO. Herein, we synthesized capsule-like cobalt–polypyridine diamine complexes [Co(L1)](BF4)2 (1) and [Co(L2) (CH3CN)](BF4)2 (2) as catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2. Under catalytic conditions, complexes 1 and 2 demonstrated the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO in the presence or absence of CH3OH as a proton source. Experimental and computational studies revealed that complexes 1 and 2 undergo two consecutive reversible one-electron reductions on the cobalt core, followed by the addition of CO2 to form a metallocarboxylate intermediate [CoII(L)–CO22−]0. This crucial reaction intermediate, which governs the catalytic cycle, was successfully detected using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In situ Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis showed that methanol can enhance the rate of carbon–oxygen bond cleavage of the metallocarboxylate intermediate. DFT studies on [CoII(L)–CO22−]0 have suggested that the doubly reduced species attacks CO2 on the C atom through the dz2 orbital, while the interaction with CO2 is further stabilized by the π interaction between the metal dxz or dxz orbital with p orbitals on the O atoms. Further reductions generate a metal carbonyl intermediate [CoI(L)–CO]+, which ultimately releases CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional shape memory polymers are significant for next‐generation intelligent systems as smart materials. However, their practical applications are limited by toughness, manufacturability, and functional integration strategies. Besides, while 4D printing is used to construct deformable devices, the limited accessible shapes and difficulty of integrating multiple materials hindered the development of multifunctional devices. Herein, metal‐phenolic coordination is used as crosslinks to tailor tough shape memory polyurethanes with intrinsic photothermal effect and/or tunable fluorescence. The reversible dissociation of metal‐phenolic complexes upon loading provides an efficient energy dissipation for the polymer network. The photothermal/fluorescent properties of target polyurethane can be effortlessly programmed by changing the coordinated metals and functional ligands. The obtained fluorescent polyurethane displays tunable fluorescence through the reversible dissociation‐association of dynamic bonds upon thermal stimulus. Moreover, relying on light‐triggered hybrid exchange reactions among various metal‐phenolic coordination bonds, heterogeneous interfaces can be merged to manufacture exquisite 3D shape‐shifting devices and integrate more advanced functions. As demonstrations, intrinsic photothermal‐responsive shape memory stent, and 3D fluorescent encryption device are produced based on photo‐welding instead of 4D printing. This study not only provides a convenient supramolecular strategy for constructing multifunctional smart materials but also demonstrates a feasible method for making personalized integrated architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the skewed pole model, this study uses the elite opposition-based golden-sine whale optimization algorithm to carry out the multi-objective optimization design of the frameless external rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor of the robot arm and achieve high torque density and low torque ripple. First, the key parameters affecting the torque ripple and torque density of the motor are analyzed. Second, the angle of the oblique pole is studied to reduce torque ripple. On the basis of the oblique pole model of the motor, the sample library is established according to the key parameters, the K-nearest neighbor algorithm is introduced for regression fitting, and the high-precision and fast calculation model of the motor is established. Third, the elite opposition-based golden-sine whale optimization algorithm (EGWOA) is introduced to optimize the key parameters of the fitting model with the objective of reducing torque ripple and increasing torque density, and the non dominated sorting and crowding degree calculation methods are used to improve it. Finally, a prototype is made to prove the effectiveness of the optimized design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, "Machine learning" is introduced to motor efficiency optimization control to improve the operating efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for pure electric vehicles. A current distribution method based on the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) is proposed. The efficiency of the motor operation can be improved by coordinating the current control. First, a mathematical model of the motor efficiency is established, and the current distribution law of the optimal efficiency of the motor in different operating regions is qualitatively analyzed. The control system is based on this current distribution. Second, the sample space is established based on measured data, where the current regression model of the GBDT is introduced. Then by analyzing the importance of characteristic variables, the structure of the model is optimized, and the input and output of the model are reasonably selected, which are embedded into the control system to realize the coordinated control of the current. Finally, comparative experiment shows that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of PMSMs in the whole speed range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colonic polyps are the most prevalent neoplastic lesions detected during colorectal cancer screening, and timely detection and excision of these precursor lesions is crucial for preventing multiple malignancies and reducing mortality rates. Purpose: The pressing need for intelligent polyp detection has led to the development of a high‐precision intelligent polyp segmentation network designed to improve polyp screening rates during colonoscopies. Methods: In this study, we employed ResNet50 as the backbone network and embedded a multi‐channel grouping fusion encoding module in the third to fifth stages to extract high‐level semantic features of polyps. Receptive field modules were utilized to capture multi‐scale features, and grouping fusion modules were employed to capture salient features in different group channels, guiding the decoder to generate an initial global mapping with improved accuracy. To refine the segmentation of the initial global mapping, we introduced an enhanced boundary weight attention module that adaptively thresholds the initial global mapping using learnable parameters. A self‐attention mechanism was then utilized to calculate the long‐distance dependency relationship of the polyp boundary area, resulting in an output feature map with enhanced boundaries that effectively refines the boundary of the target area. Results: We carried out contrast experiments of MGF‐Net with mainstream polyp segmentation networks on five public datasets of ColonDB, CVC‐ColonDB, CVC‐612, Kvasir, and ETIS. The results demonstrate that the segmentation accuracy of MGF‐Net is significantly improved on the datasets. Furthermore, a hypothesis test was conducted to assess the statistical significance of the computed results. Conclusions: Our proposed MGF‐Net outperforms existing mainstream baseline networks and presents a promising solution to the pressing need for intelligent polyp detection. The proposed model is available at https://github.com/xiefanghhh/MGF‐NET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant solid tumor that lacks early diagnostic methods. Recently, targeted immunotherapy and radiotherapy have been integrated with radionuclide-antibody conjugate drugs, which can be used for targeted diagnosis and dynamic imaging of tumors. CEACAM6 is overexpressed in pancreatic tumors and is a potential theranostic target for PDAC. We aimed to develop a novel targeted carrier for theranostics of PDAC and other solid tumors. Methods: Based on camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, we developed a CEACAM6-targeting recombinant antibody NY004, and evaluated it as a novel antibody-carrier for imaging and therapy of cancer in tumor models. We labeled NY004 with theranostic nuclides and applied this self-developed antibody platform in diagnostic imaging and antitumor assessment in PDAC models. Results: Through microPET, IHC, and biodistribution assays, targeting and biodistribution of [89Zr]-NY004 in solid tumors including PDAC was examined, and the investigated tumors were all CEACAM6-positive malignancies. We found that NY004 was suitable for use as a drug carrier for radioimmunotheranostics. Our study showed that NY004 was characterized by high targeted uptake and a long retention time in PANC-1 tumors (up to 6 days post-injection), with good specificity and high imaging efficiency. Therapeutic evaluation of the radionuclide-labeled antibody drug [177Lu]-NY004 in PDAC tumor-bearing model revealed that NY004 had high and prolonged uptake in tumors, relatively low non-target organ uptake, and good anti-tumor efficacy. Conclusion: As a drug platform for radiotheranostics, CEACAM6-specific antibody NY004 met the requirements of easy-labeling, targeting specificity, and effective persistence in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Key Points: • [89Zr]-NY004 has good specificity and high imaging efficiency, and is characterized by high tumor-targeting uptake and a long tumor retention time as a PET molecular imaging tracer. • Therapeutic radionuclide-conjugated antibody drug [177Lu]-NY004 has high uptake and prolonged uptake duration in tumors, low non-target organ uptake, and significant tumor-inhibiting efficacy in PDAC model. • The self-developed antibody structure NY004 is a promising drug platform for radioimmunotheranostics of CEACAM6-positive tumors including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypertrophy and conversion of postnatal muscle fibers largely determine the yield and quality of meat, which is closely related to the economic value of pigs. MicroRNA (miRNA), as a kind of endogenous noncoding RNA molecule, is widely involved in myogenesis of livestock and poultry. The longissimus dorsi tissues of Lantang pigs at 1 and 90 days (LT1D and LT90D) were collected and profiled by miRNA-seq. We found 1871 and 1729 miRNA candidates in LT1D and LT90D samples, and 794 miRNAs were shared. We identified 16 differentially expressed miRNAs between two tested groups and explored the function of miR-493-5p inmyogenesis. The miR-493-5p promoted the proliferation and inhibited the differentiation of myoblasts. Using GO and KEGG analyses of 164 target genes of miR-493-5p, we found that ATP2A2, PPP3CA, KLF15, MED28, and ANKRD17 genes were related to muscle development. RT-qPCR detection showed that the expression level of ANKRD17 was highly expressed in LT1D libraries, and the double luciferase report test preliminarily proved that miR-493-5p and ANKRD17 have a directly targeting relationship. We established miRNA profiles for the longissimus dorsi tissues of 1-day-old and 90-day-old Lantang pigs and found that miR-493-5p was differentially expressed and associated with myogenesis by targeting ANKRD17 gene. Our results should serve as a reference for future studies on pork quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) of high performance, as a relatively ideal partial or complete substitute for steel, could increase the possibility of adapting structures to changes in harsh weather environments. While GFRP is combined with concrete in the form of bars, the mechanical characteristics of GFRP cause the bonding behavior to differ significantly from that of steel-reinforced members. In this paper, a central pull-out test was applied, according to ACI440.3R-04, to analyze the influence of the deformation characteristics of GFRP bars on bonding failure. The bond–slip curves of the GFRP bars with different deformation coefficients exhibited distinct four-stage processes. Increasing the deformation coefficient of the GFRP bars is able to significantly improve the bond strength between the GFRP bars and the concrete. However, while both the deformation coefficient and concrete strength of the GFRP bars were increased, the bond failure mode of the composite member was more likely to be changed from ductile to brittle. The results show members with larger deformation coefficients and moderate concrete grades, which generally have excellent mechanical and engineering properties. By comparing with the existing bond and slip constitutive models, it was found that the proposed curve prediction model was able to well match the engineering performance of GFRP bars with different deformation coefficients. Meanwhile, due to its high practicality, a four-fold model characterizing representative stress for the bond–slip behavior was recommended in order to predict the performance of the GFRP bars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese cordyceps was one of most valuable traditional Chinese medicine fungi. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms related to energy supply mechanism involved in the initiation and formation of primordium in Chinese cordyceps, we performed the integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of it at pre-primordium period, primordium germination period and after-primordium period, respectively. Transcriptome analysis showed that many genes related to 'starch and sucrose metabolism', 'fructose and mannose metabolism', 'linoleic acid metabolism', 'fatty acids degradation' and 'glycerophospholipid metabolism' were highly up-regulated at primordium germination period. Metabolomic analysis showed many metabolites regulated by these genes in these metabolism pathways were also markedly accumulated at this period. Consequently, we inferred that carbohydrate metabolism and β-oxidation pathway of palmitic acid and linoleic acid worked cooperatively to generate enough acyl-CoA, and then entered TCA cycle to provide energy for fruiting body initiation. Overall, our finding provided important information for further exploring the energy metabolic mechanisms of realizing the industrialization of Chinese cordyceps artificial cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gender-math stereotypes are thought to be a threat for women's mathematical performance, however, the mechanism of gender stereotype affecting mathematics achievement is not clear. The current study aimed to explore the different role of attitude towards mathematics and math self-concept in the relationship between gender-math stereotypes and mathematical performance for men and women. A total of 297 Chinese college students participated in our survey. Results showed that math self-concept played a suppressing effect on the relationship between gender-math stereotypes and women's mathematical performance, while attitude had no mediating role in the relationship between gender stereotypes and mathematical performance. However, gender-math stereotypes could not directly predict men's mathematical performance, nor could it predict through math self-concept or attitude towards mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) with intelligent deformability have shown great potential in the field of aerospace, and the research on their adaptability to space environments has far-reaching significance. Chemically cross-linked cyanate-based SMPs (SMCR) with excellent resistance to vacuum thermal cycling were obtained by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) with linear polymer chains to the cyanate cross-linked network. The low reactivity of PEG overcame the shortcomings of high brittleness and poor deformability while endowing cyanate resin with excellent shape memory properties. The SMCR with a glass transition temperature of 205.8 °C exhibited good stability after vacuum thermal cycling. The SMCR maintained a stable morphology and chemical composition after repeated high–low temperature cycle treatments. The SMCR matrix was purified by vacuum thermal cycling, which resulted in an increase in its initial thermal decomposition temperature by 10–17 °C. The continuous vacuum high and low temperature relaxation of the vacuum thermal cycling increased the cross-linking degree of the SMCR, which improved the mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties of SMCR: the tensile strength of SMCR was increased by about 14.5%, the average elastic modulus was greater than 1.83 GPa, and the glass transition temperature increased by 5–10 °C. Furthermore, the shape memory properties of SMCR after vacuum thermal cycling treatment were well maintained due to the stable triazine ring formed by the cross-linking of cyanate resin. This revealed that our developed SMCR had good resistance to vacuum thermal cycling and thus may be a good candidate for aerospace engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in new energy vehicles. At present, to make electric vehicles have a wider speed range, the motor can reach the rated speed above through the field-weakening control. However, when the traditional field-weakening control strategy is above the rated speed, the dynamic response ability of the vehicle declines. Problems such as torque oscillation and current jump occur. To solve these problems, based on a pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) algorithm and optimized light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), the dynamic response capability of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is improved. The robust adaptability of the control system to disturbances and parameter changes is also further improved. By collecting experimental data, the importance of relevant variables is analyzed, and the variable with the largest weight is selected as the input of the model. PIO is used to optimize LightGBM, and the loss function is optimized. Finally, the regression model is established. Simulation and experimental results show that the method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubber materials are widely used in aerospace, automotive, smart devices and artificial skin. It is significant to address the aging susceptibility of conventional vulcanized rubber and to impart it rapid self-healing performance for destructive crack damage. Herein, a novel supramolecular rubber elastomer is prepared by introducing metal coordination between carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene and polystyrene-vinylpyridine copolymer. Based on the metal coordination interaction, the elastomer exhibits shape memory and self-healing properties. Moreover, a rapid closure-repair process of destructive cracks is achieved by presetting temporary shapes. This shape memory-assisted self-repair model is shown to be an effective means for rapid repair of severe cracks. An approach to enhance the mechanical and self-healing properties of elastomer was demonstrated by adding appropriate amounts of oxidized carbon nano-onions (O-CNO) into the system. The tensile strength of the elastomer with an O-CNOs content of 0.5 wt% was restored to 83 ± 10% of the original sample after being repaired at 85 °C for 6 h. This study confirms that metal coordination interaction is an effective method for designing shape memory self-healing rubber elastomer. The shape memory-assisted self-healing effect provides a reference for the rapid self-repairing of severe cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the surgical treatment of breast cancer, the goal of surgeons is to continually create and improve minimally invasive surgical techniques to increase patients' quality of life. Currently, routine breast-conserving surgery is often performed using two obvious incisions. Here, we compare the clinical efficacy and aesthetic outcomes of a novel technique using one incision, called 'single-port insufflation endoscopic breast-conserving surgery' (SIE-BCS), vs. conventional breast-conserving surgery (C-BCS) in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: A total of 180 patients with stage I or stage II breast cancer participated in this study, of whom 63 underwent SIE-BCS and 117 underwent C-BCS. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the risk of local recurrence and metastasis. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the BREAST-Q scale. Results: The mean operation time was significantly longer for SIE-BCS (194.9 ± 71.5 min) than for C-BCS (140.3 ± 56.9 min), but the mean incision length was significantly shorter for SIE-BCS than for C-BCS (3.4 ± 1.2 cm vs. 8.6 ± 2.3 cm). While both surgeries yielded similar BREAST-Q ratings for satisfaction with breasts and sexual well-being, SIE-BCS was associated with significantly better ratings for physical well-being (chest area) and psychological well-being. Additionally, SIE-BCS was associated with decreased rates of adverse effects of radiation. The preliminary analysis showed that SIE-BCS did not increase the risk of local recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: The novel single-port insufflation endoscopic assisted BCS technique is feasible, safe, and improves patients' postoperative comfort and psychological well-being, as compared to the conventional technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial is presented which argues positron emission tomography could accurately detect hydrogen sulfide in brain pathophysiology, opening a new horizon for detecting neuroinflammation by mapping hydrogen sulfide level. It also discusses the neuroinfammation is a key biological process in response to cell infection or injury that involves all the cells present within the central nervous system including microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and macroglia.

Background: Cage subsidence may occur following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and lead to nonunion, foraminal height loss and other complications. Low bone quality may be a risk factor for cage subsidence. Assessing bone quality through Hounsfield units (HU) from computed tomography has been proposed in recent years. However, there is a lack of literature evaluating the correlation between HU and cage subsidence after TLIF. Methods: Two hundred and seventy-nine patients suffering from lumbar degenerative diseases from April, 2016 to August, 2018 were enrolled. All underwent one-level TLIF with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Cage subsidence was defined as > 2 mm loss of disc height at the fusion level. The participants were divided into 2 groups: cage subsidence group (CS) and non-cage subsidence group (non-CS). Bone quality was determined by HU, bone mineral density of lumbar (BMD-l) and femoral (BMD-f) from dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). HU of each vertebra from L1 to L4 (e.g., HU1 for HU of L1) and mean value of the four vertebrae (HUm) were calculated. Visual analog scale (VAS) of back/leg pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to report clinical outcomes. Results: Cage subsidence occurred in 82 (29.4%) cases at follow-ups. Mean age was 50.8 ± 9.0 years with a median follow-up of 18 months (range from 12 to 40 months). A total of 90.3% patients presented fusion with similar fusion rate between the two groups. ODI and VAS in leg were better in non-CS group at last follow-ups. Using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) to predict cage subsidence, HUm provided a larger area under the curve (AUC) than BMD-l (Z = 3.83, P < 0.01) and BMD-f (Z = 2.01, P = 0.02). AUC for HU4 was larger than BMD-f and close to HUm (Z = 0.22, P = 0.481). Conclusions: Cage subsidence may indicate worse clinical outcomes. HU value could be a more effective predictor of lumbar cage subsidence compared with T-score of DXA after TLIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A double–heptagon–containing C70H6 (dihept-C70H6) was isolated and unambiguously characterized in the soot of low-pressure combustion, which shares the identical heptagonal cage as dihept-C70Cl6 previously identified in the products of carbon arc, and thus represents the first nonclassical fullerene isolable in both carbon arc and combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two 3D coordination polymers based on the 5-(pyrazin-2-yl) isophthalic acid ligand have been purposefully synthesized by solution-diffusion synthesis method. • Studies of magnetic properties show that compounds 1 and 2 have weak antiferromagnetic behavior. • The TGA reveals that compounds 1 and 2 possess a better thermal stability. Two new coordination polymers [M(L)(H 2 O) 2 ] n (M=Co (1) and Mn (2)) (H 2 L=5-(pyrazin-2-yl) isophthalic acid) were synthesized by hydrothermal method and systematically characterized. The two compounds were analyzed in depth by x-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, PXRD and thermal analysis. The x-ray single crystal diffraction results indicate that compound 1 is a 3D framework structure. Through the carboxyl oxygen atoms and pyrazine nitrogen atoms on different L2− ligands, two interesting infinitely extended right helix chains are formed along the c -axis, and the two helix chains are combined to form a 3D framework structure of 1. In compound 2 , the adjacent Mn2+ is bridged with four carboxyl oxygen groups in the ligand to form a binuclear structure unit {Mn 2 O 4 }. Each {Mn 2 O 4 } is linked to six organic ligands, and each ligand is linked to three {Mn 2 O 4 }, which together form a (3,6) linked 3D coordination polymer material. It is noteworthy that the interconnections between the layers form a lantern-like structure when viewed from the b -axis direction. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 demonstrated temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility (dc) and negative values of θ (equal to -10.59 K and -6.38 K), which are indicates the presence of weak antiferromagnetic interactions in both compounds 1 and 2. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophic scar causes serious functional and cosmetic problem, but no treatment method is known to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect. However, mesenchymal stem cells show a possible cure prospect. Here, we investigated the effect of interleukin-10-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (IL-10-ADMSC) on the formation of hypertrophic scar. In vitro, IL-10-ADMSC could highly express IL-10 and exhibited stronger inhibition of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis (the expression of collagen I, collagen III, FN, and α-SMA protein) than ADMSC. In vivo, we found that IL-10-ADMSC speeded up wound healing time and reduced scar area and scar outstanding height. Same as in vitro, IL-10-ADMSC also exhibited stronger inhibition of extracellular matrix synthesis (the expression of collagen I, collagen III protein) in wound than ADMSC. In addition, we also found that IL-10-ADMSC is also a stronger inhibitory effect on inflammation in wound than ADMSC, and IL-10-ADMSC inhibited TGF-β/Smads and NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, IL-10-ADMSC demonstrated the ability to prevent hypertrophic scar formation. And its possible molecular mechanism might be related to IL-10-ADMSC inhibiting the proliferation and migration of the synthesis of extracellular matrix of HSFs, and IL-10-ADMSC inhibited the inflammation during the wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence demonstrated that FOXD1 dysregulation was correlated with a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, litter is known about the role of FOXD1 in the progression of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). We conducted the comprehensive bioinformatics analysis to investigate FOXD1 expression in LUSC from TCGA and GEO datasets, and validated the FOXD1 expression pattern in clinical samples using immunohistochemistry method. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms were performed to assess the relationship of FOXD1 and tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration. Our study showed that FOXD1 expression was significantly upregulated in LUSC tissues in TCGA dataset, validated by GEO datasets and clinical samples. In TCGA dataset, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that high FOXD1 expression was significantly correlated with favorable prognosis in LUSC patients. Moreover, FOXD1 expression has an impact on immune score and the proportions of immune cell infiltration subgroups. Finally, we predicted FOXD1 may be involved in many immune-related biological functions and cancer-related signaling pathways. Taken together, FOXD1 was upregulated in LUSC tissues, and FOXD1 expression could be a potential prognostic marker. FOXD1 might be associated with tumor microenvironment and perhaps a potential target in the tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-time performance of ship detection is an important index in the marine remote sensing detection task. Due to the computing resources on the satellite being limited by the solar array size and the radiation-resistant electronic components, information extraction tasks are usually implemented after the image is transmitted to the ground. However, in recent years, the one-stage based target detector such as the You Only Look Once Version 5 (YOLOv5) deep learning framework shows powerful performance while being lightweight, and it provides an implementation scheme for on-orbit reasoning to shorten the time delay of ship detention. Optimizing the lightweight model has important research significance for SAR image onboard processing. In this paper, we studied the fusion problem of two lightweight models which are the Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism module and the YOLOv5 detector. We propose a novel lightweight end-to-end object detection framework fused with a CA module in the backbone of a suitable position: YOLO Coordinate Attention SAR Ship (YOLO-CASS), for the SAR ship target detection task. The experimental results on the SSDD synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing imagery indicate that our method shows significant gains in both efficiency and performance, and it has the potential to be developed into onboard processing in the SAR satellite platform. The techniques we explored provide a solution to improve the performance of the lightweight deep learning-based object detection framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: The BET inhibitor I-BET762 inhibits pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and enhances the therapeutic effect of gemcitabine" has been retracted by the editors of Scientific Reports. The retraction was made due to concerns about overlapping data with other articles and the inability of the authors to provide raw data. The editors no longer have confidence in the results presented in the article. The authors of the retracted article are Fang Xie, Mei Huang, Xiansheng Lin, Chenhai Liu, Zhen Liu, Futao Meng, Chao Wang, and Qiang Huang. [Extracted from the article]

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a technology that utilizes the high sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry, combined with a high spatial resolution to characterize the molecular species present in skin tissue. In this article, we use MALDI IMS to map specific lipids characteristic of two important skin appendages in minipig skin: the sebaceous glands and hair follicles. A set of specific lipid markers linked to the synthesis of sebum, stages of sebum production, and the secretion of sebum for two different sebaceous gland subzones, the peripheral and central necrotic, were identified. Furthermore, biochemical pathway analysis of the identified markers provides potential drug-targeting strategies to reduce sebum overproduction in pathological conditions. In addition, specific lipid markers characteristic of the different layers in the hair follicle bulge area, including the outer root sheath, the inner root sheath, and the medulla that are associated with the growth cycles of the hair, were determined. This research highlights the ability of MALDI IMS to link a molecular distribution not only to the morphological features in skin tissue but to the physiological state as well. Thus, this platform can provide a basis for the investigation of biochemical pathways as well as the mechanisms of disease and pharmacology in the skin, which will ultimately be critical for drug discovery and the development of dermatology-related illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed digital image correlation (DIC) offers a powerful tool for full-field measurement of transient deformation of rock. One of the critical components controlling the measurement accuracy in DIC is the processing parameter, but neither manufacturers of DIC supplier nor the literature provides guidelines for optimal selection of processing parameter in high-speed DIC for rock testing. In this work, effect of six processing parameters on the accuracy of DIC-measured strain is evaluated through a dynamic compression test on sandstone. The processing parameters, including area of interest (AOI) size, correlation criterion, subset size, step size, filtering and incremental correlation are evaluated by comparing the error between DIC-measured and theoretical overall strain history. The quality of strain field obtained with different processing parameters is also assessed. Results show that the overall strain averaged from the virtual strain gauge (VSG) of AOI covering more than 43% of the specimen length is reliable. To characterize reasonable strain field, the VSG of AOI should cover the whole length of the desired strain direction. The selection of commonly used correlation criteria is of little concern in high-speed DIC processing on rock dynamic tests. The optimum subset size to achieve a good balance between accurate overall strain and high-resolution strain field with less noise is found close to three times of the largest speckle size. Coupled pre- and post-filtering are recommended to apply to correct the bias of overall strain at initial stage of loading and reducing the noise in strain field. A step size of 1 or 2 pixels is suggested for better identification of the strain localisation on rock surface. DIC-measured overall strain is valid until 50% residual peak stress at unloading stage with incremental correlation utilised at the peak stress. Highlights: VSG of AOI covering at least 43% length of specimen aligning with the desired strain orientation is reliable to extract the overall strain of rock. The subset size close to three times of the largest speckle size integrated with step size of 1 or 2 pixels is optimum in high-speed DIC measurement of rock strain. Coupled pre- and post-filtering in high-speed DIC is beneficial to achieve either accurate overall strain or good-quality strain field of rock. The overall strain of rock measured by high-speed DIC is valid to unloading stage at 50% residual peak stress with the incremental correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the influence of dietary sodium nitrate on ruminal fermentation profiles, milk production and composition, microbial populations and diversity in water buffaloes. Twenty-four female water buffaloes were randomly divided into four groups and fed with 0, 0.11, 0.22, 044 g sodium nitrate per kg body weight diets, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of acetate, propionate, butyrate and total VFA in all sodium nitrate–adapted water buffaloes were greater than the control group (P < 0.05). Although the milk fatty acids value at 0.11 g sodium nitrate/kg/d were slightly lower than other treatments, no significant differences were observed among different treatments (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the archaea richness (ace and chao1) and diversity (Shannon index) indices were increased by nitrate supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, sodium nitrate did not affect bacterial abundance at the phylum and genus level, but the relative abundance of the methanogen genera was greatly changed. There was a tendency for Methanobrevibacter to decrease in the sodium nitrate group (P = 0.091). Comparisons of archaea communities by PCoA analysis showed significant separation between the control group and nitrate treatments (P = 0.025). It was concluded that added 0.11–0.44 g sodium nitrate/kg of body weight increased the rumen VFA production and archaeal diversity of water buffaloes but had no detrimental effect on milk yield or composition, fatty acids profile, rumen methanogen or Butyrivibrio group population related to biohydrogenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle is one the largest organs of the body and is involved in animal production and human health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in skeletal myogenesis through largely unknown mechanisms. Herein, we report the phenotypic and metabolomic analysis of porcine longissimus dorsi muscles in Lantang and Landrace piglets, revealing a high-content of slow-oxidative fibers responsible for high-quality meat product in Lantang piglets. Using single-cell transcriptomics, we identified four myogenesis-related cell types, and the Akt-FoxO3 signaling axis was the most significantly enriched pathway in each subpopulation in the different pig breeds, as well as in fast-twitch glycolytic fibers. Using the multi-dimensional bioinformatic tools of circRNAome-seq and Ribo-seq, we identified a novel circRNA, circKANSL1L, with a protein-coding ability in porcine muscles, whose expression level correlated with myoblast proliferation and differentiation in vitro , as well as the transformation between distinct mature myofibers in vivo. The protein product of circKANSL1L could interact with Akt to decrease the phosphorylation level of FoxO3, which subsequently promoted FoxO3 transcriptional activity to regulate skeletal myogenesis. Our results established the existence of a protein encoded by circKANSL1L and demonstrated its potential functions in myogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, model predictive (MP) and deep belief net (DBN) are introduced to optimize and predict the dq-axis stator voltage of asynchronous motors for electric cars in the field-weakening region to achieve the optimal “speed–torque” (represents the optimization of speed and torque performance) control. First, the analytical model of the maximum torque output is established, and the effect of dq-axis voltage on the torque output is analyzed. Second, to reduce the influence of proportional–integral parameter tuning, optimize the dq-axis voltage, and achieve the accurate torque control, MP is introduced to establish an analytical model of MP controller tracking current loop for generating the dq-axis voltage. Third, the maximum torque vector control system based on the MP controller is built, and the influence of system parameters on control effect is analyzed. Fourth, the simulation data are collected, and the DBN voltage prediction model is established. The model is embedded in the field-oriented control to achieve optimal “speed–torque” control. Finally, the dynamometer experimental platform is established to collect the experimental data and establish the DBN voltage prediction model. The validity of the method is verified through the voltage data calibration, “speed–torque” characteristic calibration, motor efficiency calibration, “speed–torque” response, and ripple test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β-GA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin metabolite of glycyrrhizin, exhibits several biological activities. We investigated the effects of 18β-GA on MA104 cells infected with rotavirus (RV) and its potential mechanism of action. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess tissue culture infective dose 50 (TCID50) and 50% cellular cytotoxicity (CC50) concentration. MA104 cells infected with RV SA11 were treated with 18β-GA (1, 2, 4, and 8 μg/mL, respectively). Cytopathic effects were observed. The virus inhibition rate, concentration for 50% of maximal effect (EC50), and selection index (SI) were calculated. Cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and mRNA and protein expression related to the Fas/FasL pathway were detected. TCID50 of RV SA11 was 10−4.47/100 µL; the CC50 of 18β-GA on MA104 cells was 86.92 µg/mL. 18β-GA showed significant antiviral activity; EC50 was 3.14 μg/mL, and SI was 27.68. The ratio of MA104 cells infected with RV SA11 in the G0/G1 phase and the G2/M phase decreased and increased, respectively, after 18β-GA treatment. 18β-GA significantly induced apoptosis in the infected cells. Furthermore, after 18β-GA treatment, the mRNA and protein expression levels of Fas, FasL, caspase 3, and Bcl-2 decreased, whereas the expression levels of Bax increased. The study demonstrates that 18β-GA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of RV SA11 infection and provides theoretical support for the clinical development of glycyrrhizic acid compounds for the treatment of RV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neural networks have become standard tools in the analysis of data, but they lack comprehensive mathematical theories. For example, there are very few statistical guarantees for learning neural networks from data, especially for classes of estimators that are used in practice or at least similar to such. In this paper, we develop a general statistical guarantee for estimators that consist of a least-squares term and a regularizer. We then exemplify this guarantee with ℓ 1 -regularization, showing that the corresponding prediction error increases at most logarithmically in the total number of parameters and can even decrease in the number of layers. Our results establish a mathematical basis for regularized estimation of neural networks, and they deepen our mathematical understanding of neural networks and deep learning more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An MDP model is developed for project scheduling with uncertain resource availability. • Rollout ADP algorithm significantly outperforms the base heuristics. • The ADP algorithm is computationally tractable for project scheduling with uncertain resource availability. We study the stochastic resource-constrained project scheduling problem with uncertain resource availability, called SRCPSP-URA, and model it as a sequential decision problem. A new Markov decision process (MDP) model is developed for the SRCPSP-URA. It dynamically and adaptively determines not only which activity to start at a stage, but also which to interrupt and delay when there is not sufficient resource capacity. To tackle the curse-of-dimensionality of an exact solution approach, we devise and implement a rollout-based approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm with priority-rule heuristic as the base policy, for which theoretical sequential improvement property is proved. Computational results show that with moderately more computational time, our ADP algorithm significantly outperforms the priority-rule heuristics for test instances up to 120 activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A random modulation strategy is proposed to suppress the torque ripple of asynchronous motor for electric vehicle in this article. First, the models of harmonic torque and torque ripple are established. The reason of harmonic generation and its effect on torque are analysed. Second, the random position pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy with different random quantities is introduced. The problem of the increasing harmonic content near the integer multiple of the switching frequency in the modulation process is solved. Subsequently, the influences of different random quantity distributions and random number ranges on harmonic suppression are studied. The different structures of random pulse position space vector PWM strategy based on uniform probability density are designed. The specific harmonic content is dispersed and the torque ripple is suppressed. Finally, the precise test platform based on cSPACE is established. The influence of different random PWMs on motor at various speeds is compared. Experimental results verify the validity of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and feedback compensation control method that can solve the speed fluctuation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motors resulting from parameter variation and load disturbance. First, the influencing factors of speed fluctuation are analysed on the basis of a speed analytical model, and a motor robust control system is established. Second, the ADRC method is introduced to establish current controllers in accordance with the state equation for voltage output. The shuffled frog leaping algorithm is also used to automatically optimize the adjustable parameters of the active disturbance rejection controller and to improve the system robustness when the parameters vary. Third, a feedback compensation control method based on the electromagnetic torque observer is introduced to compensate for the q‐axis current in real time. The speed fluctuation caused by load disturbance is also suppressed. Lastly, the validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified through experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of the national economic level and the diversity of medical equipment needs, the car refrigerator as an important carrier in the cold chain logistics link is rapidly developed. According to the different applications, there are differences in the refrigeration technologies and cooling capacity of car refrigerators. Around car refrigerators, the development status of car refrigerator refrigeration technologies is reviewed, the characteristics and functions of car refrigerators are introduced, the mechanism and characteristics of several refrigeration technologies under different scenarios are studied, and the potential development and application directions of car refrigerators with different refrigeration technologies are summarized. The research results are of certain practical significance to the improvement of the last-mile of cold chain logistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Super-resolution (SR) for satellite remote sensing images has been recognized as crucial and has found widespread applications across various scenarios. Previous SR methods were usually built upon Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformers, which suffer from either limited receptive fields or a lack of prior assumptions. To address these issues, we propose ESatSR, a novel SR method based on state space models. We utilize the 2D Selective Scan to obtain an enhanced capability in modeling long-range dependencies, which contributes to a wide receptive field. A Spatial Context Interaction Module (SCIM) and an Enhanced Image Reconstruction Module (EIRM) are introduced to combine image-related prior knowledge into our model, therefore guiding the process of feature extraction and reconstruction. Tailored for remote sensing images, the interaction of multi-scale spatial context and image features is leveraged to enhance the network's capability in capturing features of small targets. Comprehensive experiments show that ESatSR demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on both OLI2MSI and RSSCN7 datasets, with the highest PSNRs of 42.11 dB and 31.42 dB, respectively. Extensive ablation studies illustrate the effectiveness of our module design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), along with functional and structural imaging by magnetic resonance imaging, provides precision approaches to facilitate the diagnosis of neurogenerative diseases [[3]-[5]]. Amyloid and tau PET imaging has demonstrated the clinical utility, providing tools to evaluate the disease stages, improve the diagnostic accuracy, and monitor the efficacy of interventions. The prevalence and incidence of neurogenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are rapidly increasing with the aging society [[1]]. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Basal cell carcinoma, seborrheic keratosis, and nevus are common skin conditions. Though most of the skin diseases can be distinguished from each other by physician's naked eyes, the diagnostic accuracy is not 100%. The accurate diagnosis and assessment of three diseases make a big difference on the clinical management. Nowadays, biopsy is still the gold standard for diagnosis even it is invasive, time‐consuming, and painful. Ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence tomography is an emerging technology that can produce in situ, cellular‐resolution, real‐time, continuous, 3D images in a noninvasive way. Materials and Methods: In our study, four basal cell carcinoma patients, five seborrheic keratosis patients, and 10 nevus patients who were diagnosed by histology were studied by ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence tomography after visual examination by experienced dermatologists. Cellular contrast was utilized to clearly identify the features of the three skin diseases. Results: The features including such as hyperkeratosis (horn pseudocysts), papillomatosis, intraepidermal nests, elongated, and expanded rete ridge can be visualized in seborrheic keratosis. Tumor nodular, mucin surrounding with tumor (retraction space in histopathology), tumor subtype, and necrosis were featured in basal cell carcinoma. Pigment was characterized in epidermis and dermis. The comparison of ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence tomography images reveals a strong correlation with histological images. Conclusion: Ultrahigh‐resolution optical coherence tomography can complement existing diagnostic techniques for investigating seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma and nevus, and show enormous potential in vivo applications for the three skin diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By establishing a mathematical model for the uneven structure of a spherical pressure vessel, based on the moment theory, a formula for calculating the stress at the joint between the neck and the body of the spherical tank is derived. The container model is established by the solid element and the shell element for simulation calculation. After verifying the credibility of the simulation result, the calculation result is compared with the simulation value. The results show that the stress calculation formula derived from the unevenness of the spherical tank can accurately calculate the stress value of the stress concentration in the container, and the container model established by the shell element under the same conditions is faster and more accurate than that of solid element calculation. Compared with the results obtained by the non-moment theory, the error is smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces has been observed at microscale and even nanoscale. The enhancement in jumping velocity of coalescing droplets is crucial for condensation heat transfer enhancement, anti-icing, self-cleaning, and so forth. However, the research on how to acquire a higher jumping velocity is really very limited. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics simulations to study the coalescence-induced jumping of two equally sized nanodroplets on chemically heterogeneous surfaces composed of alternating stripes with different hydrophobicity. We show that the jumping velocity is closely related to the stripe width and wettability contrast, and it can even exceed that on an ideal superhydrophobic surface with 180° contact angle when the striped surfaces are properly designed. We also demonstrate that there is always an optimal stripe width yielding the maximum jumping velocity, whereas its value is independent of the wettability contrast. We reveal that the dominant factor to determine the jumping velocity is the apparent contact angle of equilibrated droplets over heterogeneous surfaces for small stripe widths; it changes to the time of liquid bridges impacting surfaces for moderate stripe widths and to the contact area between equilibrated droplets and relatively hydrophobic stripes for large stripe widths. We believe the present simulations can provide useful guidance to design self-jumping superhydrophobic surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double emulsions (e.g., O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions) have important applications in healthy food development for food industry. Herein, we prepared O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions by two-step emulsification method only using two food grade emulsifiers (Octenyl succinate starch ester (OSA starch) and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR)), respectively. The optimal process parameters (in external emulsion and internal emulsion) for the preparation of O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions were systematically studied. It is noteworthy that the facile conversion of the two O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions could be achieved by changing the order of emulsifier addition. The double emulsions can be used for co-loading of plant-derived selenium-enriched peptide (Se-peptide) and vitamin E (V E) with efficient loading rates, and the emulsions of encapsulated Se-peptide and V E have good antioxidant properties. The results of fuzzy numerical sensory evaluation and electronic nose showed that both emulsion systems were effective in masking the odor of Se-peptide. • Preparation of O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions by using OSA starch and PGPR. • Determination of optimal preparation process parameters for O/W/O and W/O/W emulsions. • W/O/W and O/W/O emulsion for co-loading selenium-enriched peptide and vitamin E. • Good antioxidant and odor-masking properties of dual emulsions co-loading with Se-peptide and V E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The developed optical fiber laser can emit two single-mode wavelengths of laser. • The two wavelengths from the laser can be chosen according to requirement. • A dual-wavelength heterodyne self-mixing interferometry (HSMI) system is proposed. • Measurement range is large as a half synthetic wavelength of the two wavelengths. • Step height can be measured effectively by employing the HSMI system. An optical fiber laser that can emit two wavelengths of laser simultaneously and each wavelength is single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) has been developed, and its application to step height measurement by employing the two wavelengths heterodyne self-mixing interferometry (HSMI) has been demonstrated. The optical fiber laser includes two overlapped and independent ring resonant cavities, and each of which is a compound resonant cavity constructed with two sub-resonant cavities. The optical fiber laser will emit two wavelengths of laser with SLM simultaneously when it is pumped by a 980 nm LD. The light of the two wavelengths is projected onto the measured object after the two frequencies of the laser are shifted by acoustic-optical modulators (AOM). The light is reflected back by the measured object and each of the two wavelengths enters its corresponding resonant cavity again to combine with the photons in the cavity, and thus two HSMI signals of the two wavelengths are formed. By employing the HSMI signals of the two wavelengths, a step height has been measured experimentally. The maximum height that can be measured is as large as a half synthetic wavelength of the two wavelengths. During the experiments, a step height of 0.7 mm built with two gauge blocks has been measured. The standard deviation of 10 times repeating measurement results is 2.4 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As electric vehicles become more common there is increasing concern regarding electric vehicles battery disposal. Considering resource savings and environmental friendliness, reuse rather than disposal of retired batteries is considered to be the most suitable solution. For safely and efficiently reusing retired batteries, a precise state of charge estimation over a wide temperature range and battery degradation scope is crucial. The primary content of this work is described as follows. (1) To obtain accurate closed-loop state estimation, a model that is dependent upon the temperature and aging state of the retired battery is developed. (2) Noise can affect the accuracy of model parameter identification and state of charge estimation, regardless of whether current or voltage measurements are corrupted. As a result of the state of charge estimation error, the reliability of reusing retired batteries will be greatly reduced. To solve this problem and improve the state of charge estimation precision, we propose a co-estimation method employing recursive restricted total least squares for parameter identification and adaptive H-infinity filters for state estimation. (3) In the range of 0 °C–45 °C, the proposed method is completely validated within the state of health range of 80%–50%. Specifically, a comparison is carried out between the proposed method and the H-infinity filter to demonstrate its superiority. In addition, the reliability of the co-estimation method is evaluated in different practical application scenarios. The results show that the proposed co-estimation method is highly robust, and the error in the state of charge estimation is restricted to 1% over a wide temperature range and battery degradation range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The high prevalence and rising incidence of autoimmune diseases have become a prominent public health issue. Autoimmune disorders result from the immune system erroneously attacking the body's own healthy cells and tissues, causing persistent inflammation, tissue injury, and impaired organ function. Existing treatments primarily rely on broad immunosuppression, leaving patients vulnerable to infections and necessitating lifelong treatments. To address these unmet needs, an emerging frontier of vaccine development aims to restore immune equilibrium by inducing immune tolerance to autoantigens, offering a potential avenue for a cure rather than mere symptom management. We discuss this burgeoning field of vaccine development against inflammation and autoimmune diseases, with a focus on common autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Vaccine-based strategies provide a new pathway for the future of autoimmune disease therapeutics, heralding a new era in the battle against inflammation and autoimmunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonoperative treatments for Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) represent an ideal treatment method. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) treatment is a new modality, but there is a lack of research in the field of gynecological pelvic floor and no good method to induce internal MSC homing to improve SUI. Herein, we develop an injectable and self-healing hydrogel derived from β-chitin which consists of an amino group of quaternized β-chitin (QC) and an aldehyde group of oxidized dextran (OD) between the dynamic Schiff base linkage.it can carry bFGF and SDF-1a and be injected into the vaginal forearm of mice in a non-invasive manner. It provides sling-like physical support to the anterior vaginal wall in the early stages. In the later stage, it slowly releasing factors and promoting the homing of MSCs in vivo, which can improve the local microenvironment, increase collagen deposition, repair the tissue around urethra and finally improve SUI (Scheme 1). This is the first bold attempt in the field of pelvic floor using hydrogel mechanical support combined with MSCs homing and the first application of chitin hydrogel in gynecology. We think the regenerative medicine approach based on bFGF/SDF-1/chitin hydrogel may be an effective non-surgical approach to combat clinical SUI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terpenoids are aromatic metabolites in plants. They can improve the adaptability of plants to the environment. Some specialized terpenoids have immense value to people because of the applications to medicine, industry and agriculture. However, it is impossible to produce terpenoids in large quantities because of their complex chemical structures and low content in plants. The regulatory mechanism of terpenoids biosynthesis has gradually become a research hot spot. Here, we provide an overview on the synthesis and metabolic pathways, regulatory pathways, and key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of terpenoids. This paper will provide references for further exploring the molecular regulation and improving the content of terpenoids in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double-step scale splitting (DSS) iteration method is proved to be an unconditionally convergent iteration method, which is also efficient and robust for solving a class of large sparse complex symmetric systems of linear equations. In this paper, by making use of the DSS iteration technique as the inner solver to approximately solve the Newton equations, we establish a new modified Newton-DSS method for solving systems of nonlinear equations whose Jacobian matrices are large, sparse, and complex symmetric. Subsequently, we investigate the local and semilocal convergence properties of our method under some proper assumptions. Finally, numerical results on some problems illustrate the superiority of our method over some previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the optimal speed–torque control of asynchronous motors for the electric cars in the field-weakening region, a random forest regression (RFR) algorithm is introduced in this article, to solve the problem of stator d-axis (isd) and the q-axis current (isq) matching. First, a vector control system for the asynchronous motors is built on the basis of the current distribution output model. Second, according to the limiting conditions of maximum voltage (Usmax) and current (Ismax), an analytical model of the maximum torque output is established, and the current distribution law is analyzed. Third, based on the variation laws of isd and isq, a closed-loop voltage vector analytical model is designed and embedded in the vector control system to analyze the simulation results. Fourth, an AVL dynamometer experimental platform is built to collect the measured sample data under a constant temperature of 85 °C and maximum power output. The working condition parameters serve as the input of the RFR model, whereas isd and isq are the outputs. The validity of the current distribution is verified. Finally, the regression model is embedded in the vector control system to determine isd and isq under different working conditions. Results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]