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Relation detection is a critical step of knowledge base question answering, which directly affects the quality of question answering. Among the existing methods, the encoding-comparison method extracts text global semantic information for matching, which often ignores the local semantic feature of text sequence. The interaction approach performs the comparison on low-level representations based on the sequence local information, which fails to consider the global semantic information of the input sequences. To solve the issues, this paper proposes a relation detection model based on Bert model and multi-semantic similarity considering global and local semantic information. First, our model introduces Bert as a text encoding layer to represent questions and relations as sequences of vectors. And then, a bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) layer with the attention mechanism is used to analyze the local semantic relevance and calculate the local similarity. Finally, our model uses a distance calculation formula to measure the global semantic relevance between questions and relations. The experimental results on two benchmark datasets, SimpleQuestions and WebQSP, show that the proposed model achieves the accuracy of 93.92% and 87.81% respectively, performs better than state-of-the-art approaches.

Lead halide perovskite nanorods (NRs) have attracted widespread attention due to their strong fluorescence polarization, emerging as promising candidates for cutting-edge display technologies. Since the morphology of NRs is mostly correlated with their photoluminescence properties, achieving precise control of NRs is extremely essential. Herein, we present a post-synthetic process for fabricating CsPbBr3 NRs at room temperature via the transformation of CsBr nanocrystals. Moreover, the precision of shape can be modulated from nanocubes (NCs) to NRs via regulating water amount and the concentrations of ligands in PbBr2 solutions. In particular, the as-synthesized CsPbBr3 NRs display significant emission polarization with an anisotropy factor as high as 0.15. The proposed method boosts synthesis efficiency and lays a strong foundation for the forthcoming development of polarized optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary Inorganic lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanostructures, represented by formula CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I), have garnered considerable interest for their exceptional optical properties and diverse applications. Despite their potential, challenges such as environmental degradation persist. In‐situ synthesis within protective materials pores is a promising way to address this issue. However, confining perovskite nanostructures into porous matrices during the synthesis can limit their photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) and tunability of optical properties. Various post‐treatment approaches exist to improve the properties of LHP and achieve their desired functionalities, but these strategies have not been explored for LHP confined in mesoporous matrices. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of in‐situ post‐synthetic treatments to improve the optical properties of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals grown in nanoporous silica microspheres. Surface passivation with Br– ion‐containing precursors boosts PL QY, while anion‐assisted cation doping with Mn2+ ions introduces a new PL band. The adjustment of precursor amount and doping duration enables precise control over the optical properties of LHP, while additional coating with a SiO2 shell enhances their stability in polar solvents, expanding the potential applications of these composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Monitoring salinized soil in saline–alkali land is essential, requiring regional-scale soil salinity inversion. This study aims to identify sensitive variables for predicting electrical conductivity (EC) in soil, focusing on effective feature selection methods. (2) The study systematically selects a feature subset from Sentinel-1 C SAR, Sentinel-2 MSI, and SRTM DEM data. Various feature selection methods (correlation analysis, LASSO, RFE, and GRA) are employed on 79 variables. Regression models using random forest regression (RF) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) algorithms are constructed and compared. (3) The results highlight the effectiveness of the RFE algorithm in reducing model complexity. The model incorporates significant environmental factors like soil moisture, topography, and soil texture, which play an important role in modeling. Combining the method with RF improved soil salinity prediction (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 1.47, RPD = 1.84). Overall, salinization in Minqin oasis soils was evident, especially in the unutilized land at the edge of the oasis. (4) Integrating data from different sources to construct characterization variables overcomes the limitations of a single data source. Variable selection is an effective means to address the redundancy of variable information, providing insights into feature engineering and variable selection for soil salinity estimation in arid and semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Primary health workers (PHWs) are a critical pillar of health systems but primary health care centers often struggle to attract and retain talented staff. To better understand why this is, we investigated the job preference of PHWs in a Chinese urban setting. Methods: In a discrete choice experiment, PHWs from 15 primary health care centers in Guangzhou, China, made trade-offs between several hypothetical job scenario combinations of salary, type of health institution, bianzhi (permanent post), work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, educational opportunities for children, and community respect. Based on the estimate of the mixed logit model, willingness to pay and policy simulations were applied to estimate the utility of each attribute. Results: Data were collected from 446 PHWs. The PHWs were willing to forgo Chinese Renminbi 2806.1 (US$ 438.5) per month to obtain better education opportunities for their children, making it the most important non-monetary factor. Their preferences were also influenced relatively more by salary, bianzhi, and community respect, than with the other attributes we tested for, work years required for promotion, career development and training opportunities, and type of health institution. Conclusion: Salary is a robust predictive factor, while three non-monetary factors (opportunities for children's education, bianzhi, and community respect) are essential in retaining health workers in primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of pentafl uorobenzene on nine ionic liquid-based silicas was investigated using solid phase extraction. The effects of several variables such as the type of ionic liquid groups, adsorption time, temperatures and water ratio in the solution system were experimentally evaluated. The imidazole-chloride ionic liquid group based silica exhibited the highest adsorption effi ciency under the optimized conditions of 5 min adsorption at 30oC in water/methanol (30:70, vol%) solution. In addition, the effects of pH, as well as type and concentrations of chloride salts were investigated. At pH values other than neutral and high salt concentration, the adsorption effi ciency was reduced. Finally, the relative standard deviation of less than 5.8% over a 5-day period showed a high precision for the nine tested sorbents.

1D APbX3 (A = Cs, MA, FA, X = Cl, Br, I) nanorods (NRs) show potential for the future integrated optoelectronic devices as the ideal building blocks due to their outstanding optoelectronic performances. However, there is still a lack of high‐efficiency controllable strategies to synthesize CsPbX3 NRs. An interfacial synthesis strategy is shown here to fabricate CsPbBr3 NRs by inserting Pb2+ into postsynthetic CsBr nanocrystals in vortex method at the water‐hexane interface. The water phase can intrinsically separate from the hexane phase in such a system and take away excess Pb2+ and other side reaction salts. Additionally, without additional ligand assisted growth, the whole reaction system could result in a very clean surface of CsPbBr3 NRs, eliminating the further purification process. The new approach for interfacial synthesis paves the way for efficient synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanorods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]