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Cell polarization is a multiphysics problem resulting from coupling protein pathways and cell morphological evolution. The most common example is asexual reproduction in budding yeast through Cdc42 and septin signals. However, how the interaction between the Cdc42-septin systems and the mechanical deformation of the cell surface is not well understood. To explore the interaction, we build a three-dimensional mechanochemical coupling framework to investigate the Cdc42-septin systems and elucidate how morphogenesis at the cell scale enhances the robustness of cell polarization in budding yeast. We utilize the viscous active shell model to describe the moving boundary of the cell surface, and the mechanochemical coupling is achieved through the introduction of cell surface mean curvature and active contraction-growth effects. With a normal effect of septin, numerical results demonstrate the budding processes with different transition shapes of budding profiles. On the other hand, the mechanochemical coupling problem with a weak effect of septin drives the emergence of wrinkles on the cell surface. We also apply linear perturbation analysis of the cell surface deformation to show how cell shape evolution is subjected to active contraction-growth effects. Our results show that a 3D coupled mechanochemical model can reproduce the budding morphology in yeast. Such a model provides a more comprehensive portrait of cell polarity and can be used to characterize both wild-type and mutant phenotypes such as septin mutants. • A mechanochemical model is developed to study the morphogenesis of budding yeast. • The coupling between Cdc42-septin system and active cell surface is involved. • The mean curvature of the cell surface is considered in the model. • Linear perturbation analysis is used to study the contraction-growth effect. • The appearance of wrinkling on cell surface is observed with a weak septin effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Thermomechanical problem of FGMs sphere with material uncertainties is analyzed. • The interval random uncertainty model is recommended for material parameters. • A data-driven ANN fast calculation for FGMs sphere uncertainties analysis is established. • The volume fraction distribution is optimized for the safety design of the FGMs sphere. Mechanical analysis and optimal design for functionally graded materials (FGMs) structures are significant. The present paper analyzes the parameter uncertainties problem for the thermomechanical response of the FGMs spherical shells with volume fraction power distribution. Here, the interval random uncertainty model is recommended to describe the uncertainties of each component of material parameters in FGMs, and a data-driven artificial neural network (ANN) fast calculation for FGMs spherical shells thermomechanical problems with uncertainties analysis is established and trained. The thermomechanical coupling response analysis and volume fraction optimization analysis of the FGMs spherical shell with material uncertainties are realized for zirconia-titanium FGMs, with the maximum normalized Von Mises stress as the structural safety index and the ANN as the fast calculation method. In addition, the Von Mises stress of the FGMs spherical shell and a ZrO 2 -Ti alloy double-layer spherical shell under different loads is compared. The results show that material parameter uncertainties, especially those in Young's modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and uniaxial yield limit significantly affect structural safety. The structural safety index λ calculated based on the volume fraction optimization design of FGMs spherical shell is significantly lower than that of the ZrO 2 -Ti alloy double-layer. The ANN method greatly improves the computational efficiency for uncertain problems and maintains high accuracy, compared with the statistical analysis after many calculations by randomly selecting material parameters. This study provides a path for the safety design of FGMs structures with uncertain parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A push-spin integrated (P-SI) bending forming method was proposed for tubes with small bending radius. A spinning wheel device is incorporated on the inner side of the die's bend, allowing either passive or active rotation of the spinning wheel. This setup can reduce friction or alter the direction of the friction force at the intrados of the bent tube, enhancing the stress-strain condition therein. A finite element model for the P-SI bending forming was established. The simulation results indicate that this forming procedure reduces the sensitivity of the length of the output zone to the tube's internal medium reverse thrust. This is advantageous in mitigating the wrinkling defect of the bent tube by increasing the internal medium pressure. Additionally, it facilitates material flow at the intrados of the bent tube, extending the output zone's length and reducing the occurrence of excessive wall thickening. An experiment using a 0.9D aluminum alloy thin-walled tube with P-SI bending forming was conducted. The experimental results demonstrated that compared to the conventional push-bend forming technique, the output zone's length in tubes formed by the P-SI process doubled, which was consistent with the finite element simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction is of great significance to the construction of a smart city. However, current models only focus on mining the relationship among sequences and ignore the influence of the predicted sequences on future predictions, so we propose a Dynamic Attention Neural Network (DANN) based on encoder-decoder, which combines encoder context vectors and newly generated decoder context vectors to jointly dynamically representation learning, then generates corresponding predicted values. DANN processes data via the Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network as the fundamental structure of the network between encoder and decoder. What’s more, in order to produce a new feature representation with low redundancy, gate mechanism network module is used to adaptively learn the interdependence of multivariate feature data. The relevant experiments show that compared with baseline models, DANN has the most stable long-term prediction performance, which reduces the problem of error accumulation to a certain degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residue of atrazine in field soils poses a major threat to crop growth in the rotation system, raising concerns about grain security and food safety. Current agricultural production requires more efficient and cost-effective mitigation measures in response to the emerging threat. This study reported the critical concentration (0.1 mg L−1) of atrazine injury to soybean seedlings in soil pore water and how biochar amendment could influence the distribution of atrazine in different soil environments. The results showed that biochar significantly reduced the concentration of atrazine in soil pore water, for example, 0.5% biochar in red (cinnamon, fluvo-aquic, paddy, black) soil reduced atrazine concentration from 0.31 (0.20, 0.18, 0.12, 0.03) mg L−1 to 0.004 (0.002, 0.005, 0.013, 0.011) mg L−1 in pore water (P < 0.01). On the basis of these, a reliable mathematical model was developed to predict the atrazine concentration in soil pore water under (or without) biochar amendment conditions. The verification results showed that the mean absolute percentage error of the model was 14.1%, indicating that the prediction error was within a reasonable range. Our work provides a precise solution to crop injury caused by soil residual herbicides with the aid of biochar, which reduces the bioavailability of atrazine in soybean seedlings. This method not only maximizes the use of biochar but also provides effective crop protection and environmental benefits. Highlights: The critical value of atrazine injury to soybean seedlings in soil pore water was 0.1 mg L−1. Biochar amendment significantly reduced the concentration of atrazine in soil pore water. The distribution of atrazine in soil pore water can be predicted by a mathematical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For crushable sand, compared to non-crushable sand, this paper describes the experimental phenomenon of the opposite turning direction of stress–dilatancy curve after the peak stress ratio. Then, based on the first law of thermodynamics, we derive a new stress–dilatancy model which incorporates the derivatives of breakage energy and rearrangement energy to account for the opposite turning hook of crushable sand. In the framework of this model, the mechanism for opposite turning hook is attributable to the breakage-caused change of particle size distribution, which leads to the decrease of the critical stress ratio M and the decrease of the rearrangement-energy-related term. Our model is verified through our triaxial tests on crushable calcareous sand, non-crushable silica sand, and artificial particles, which well depicts the opposite turning phenomenon. Our model is also verified through other crushable sands from two existing literatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, research on the small-signal stability of grid-forming converters under two control modes, grid-following and grid-forming, mainly focuses on low-level converters. However, studies on the differences between grid-following modular multilevel converters (MMC) and grid-forming MMC are limited. A comprehensive analysis of the wideband oscillation risk differences in MMC-HVDC systems under these two control modes from the perspective of impedance characteristics is necessary. Therefore, based on the harmonic state-space (HSS) modeling theory, this article establishes wideband sequence impedance models for grid-forming and grid-following MMC. Subsequently, this article identifies key control parameters affecting the impedance characteristics of MMC under two control modes. The wideband oscillation risks of MMC-HVDC systems under both control modes are compared. The study indicates that when the grid strength weakens, grid-following MMC faces instability risks, while grid-forming MMC can maintain stability. In instances where high-frequency resonance peaks exist in the impedance of the grid, both control modes of MMC may face instability risks. Furthermore, by adjusting the obtained key control parameters of MMC, this article effectively suppresses the oscillation risk discussed above. Finally, the analysis results are verified through an electromagnetic transient simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients infected with herpes zoster might be at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, antiviral drugs may impede viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether the currently observed association between herpes zoster and PD is consistent with previous findings, and whether antiviral drug use is associated with PD. This retrospective cohort study used the Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database. We included patients aged 40 years and above and applied propensity score matching at 1:1 ratio for study comparability. PD risk was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression methods. A total of 234,730 people were analyzed. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for PD in patients with herpes zoster was 1.05. Furthermore, the overall incidence of PD was lower in those treated with antiviral drugs than in the untreated ones (3.17 vs. 3.76 per 1,000 person-years); the aHR was 0.84. After stratifying for sex or age, a similar result was observed. In conclusion, herpes zoster may increase the risk of PD, particularly among females, but receiving antiviral treatment reduces the risk by 16%. Therefore, using antiviral drugs may help prevent PD. However, additional research is required to determine the underlying mechanism(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster expansion (CE) provides a general framework for first-principles-based theoretical modeling of multicomponent materials with configurational disorder, which has achieved remarkable success in the theoretical study of a variety of material properties and systems of different nature. On the other hand, there remains a lack of consensus regarding what is the optimal strategy to build CE models efficiently that can deliver accurate and robust prediction for both ground state energetic properties and statistical thermodynamic properties at finite temperature. There have been continuous efforts to develop more effective approaches to CE model building, which are further promoted by recent tremendous interest of applying machine learning techniques in materials research. In this Perspective, we present a critical review of recent methodological developments in building CE models for multicomponent materials, with particular focus on different approaches and strategies proposed to address cluster selection and training data generation. We comment on the pros and cons of different methods in a general formalism and present some personal views on the prospects of theoretical approaches to multicomponent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gossip is ubiquitous in organizations and human life. Previous research has examined the detrimental effects of negative workplace gossip on employees' work-related outcomes. However, less attention has been devoted to how and when perceived negative workplace gossip affects the general well-being of targeted employees. Drawing on the social-evaluative threat literature and the stressor-detachment model, this study examines the effect of perceived negative workplace gossip on life satisfaction by investigating the mediating role of psychological detachment and the moderating role of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB). The results, based on a three-wave cross-lagged panel design survey, indicate that perceived negative workplace gossip is negatively related to psychological detachment, and perceived negative workplace gossip has an indirect effect on target employees' life satisfaction through psychological detachment. Furthermore, FSSB negatively moderates the relationship between perceived negative workplace gossip and psychological detachment and the indirect effect of perceived negative workplace gossip on life satisfaction through psychological detachment. Understanding the implications of perceived negative workplace gossip and its underlying mechanisms can help organizations and employees effectively cope with this social-evaluative stressor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In actual data processing, the parabolic Radon transform is a commonly used method to suppress multiples. However, it is difficult to suppress those multiples whose curvatures are very similar to that of the primaries using the conventional Radon transform. This paper gives a multiple-suppression method with curvature amplification to improve the multiple-suppression effect. By studying the parameters that affect the curvature of the event, it is found that compressing the offset or increasing the time difference can amplify the difference between the curvatures of the multiples and primaries, and the separation degrees of the multiples and primaries in the Radon domain are increased, so the multiple-suppression ability is improved. To improve the computational efficiency and accuracy of the Radon transform, the λ-f domain high-resolution parabolic Radon transform is used to eliminate the frequency dependence of the conventional Radon transform operator by introducing a new variable λ. Because the new transform operator and its inverse operator need to be calculated only once, the computational efficiency is significantly improved. The theoretical model data and the actual data processing show that the method can suppress the surface multiples well, and it also has a certain ability to suppress the internal multiples that have a particular curvature difference from the primaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying seismic sources and wave propagation in ice plates can provide valuable insights into understanding various processes, such as ice structure dynamics, migration, fracture mechanics and mass balance. However, the harsh environment makes it difficult to conduct in situ dense seismic observations. Consequently, our understanding of the dynamic changes within the ice sheet remains insufficient. We conducted a seismic experiment using a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) array on a frozen lake, exciting water vibrations through underwater airgun shots. By employing an artificial intelligence method, we were able to detect seismic events that include both high-frequency icequakes and low-frequency events. The icequakes clustered along ice fractures and their activity correlated with local temperature variations. The waveforms of low-frequency events exhibit characteristics of flexural-gravity waves, which offers insights into the properties of the ice plate. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of an DAS array as an in situ dense seismic network for investigating the internal failure process and dynamic deformation of ice plates such as the ice shelf, which may contribute to an enhanced comprehension and prediction of ice shelf disintegration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rare earth elements (REEs)‐bearing phosphorite was a potential REE resource, which contained all REEs except polonium, among them lanthanide, cerium, neodymium, and yttrium were especially enriched. REEs mainly occurred in fluorapatite (Fap) and had a high positive correlation with phosphorus content. By adopting a new green environmental fatty acid collector GJBW and through one roughing and one refining reverse flotation process, all REEs were pre‐enriched. The flotation concentrate was further leached with citric acid (CA), and all REEs were further enriched. The results of X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that dolomite (Dolo) was removed and Fap was enriched in phosphorite, the selective enrichment of phosphorus and REEs was realized. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed the mechanism of deep purification of REEs and phosphorus in phosphorite by CA at the micro‐scale. The results showed that the number and strength of bonding between CA and Dolo (104) surface were greater than that between CA and Fap (001) surface, and CA was more easily adsorbed on Dolo (104) surface. Under the same conditions, Dolo in phosphorite was more easily leached by CA, while Fap was further enriched. This process provided a theoretical basis for the comprehensive recovery of REEs and phosphorus from phosphorite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the relationship between alterations in plasma metabolites and treatment responses amongst antipsychotic-naïve female patients with schizophrenia. A total of 38 antipsychotic-naïve female schizophrenia patients (ANS) and 19 healthy female controls (HC) were recruited. Plasma samples were obtained from all participants, and targeted metabolomics were measured with FIA-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms before and after eight weeks of treatment. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to predict diagnostic and therapeutic responses. A total of 186 metabolites passed quality control procedures and were used in statistical analysis to identify potential biomarkers. Before treatment, the ANS patients had lower levels of γ -Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and higher levels of Cholesteryl esters (CE) (20:3), Cholic Acid (CA) and Glycocholic Acid (GCA) compared to the HCs. These four differential metabonomic markers were synthesised into a combinatorial biomarker panel. This panel significantly distinguished ANS from HC. Moreover, this biomarker panel was able to effectively predict therapeutic responses. Our results suggest that plasma CE (20:3), CA, GCA, and GABA levels may be useful for diagnosing and predicting antipsychotic efficacy amongst female schizophrenia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractures play a crucial role in discovering and developing petroleum reserves. However, traditional logging techniques face significant challenges in identifying fractures. To address such challenges, this article proposes a new method that combines conventional logging data with a small amount of marker data from cores and image logs to identify fracture development in reservoirs with high accuracy and fast operation. The proposed method is based on the improved YOLOv5, which offers a new idea for fracture identification. The fracture data from the carbonate rocks of the Sulige gas field in the Ordos Basin were used for training and validation. Finally, positive experimental outcomes were achieved, demonstrating the usefulness of the improved YOLOv5 algorithm in detecting fracture development in carbonate rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interference fit is a classic issue in mechanical engineering. In this paper, under the axial/spherical symmetrical assumption, the analytical solutions for the interference fit problem of the internal and external functionally graded materials (FGMs) hollow cylinder/spherical shell are obtained. Herein, the unified form of the FGMs hollow cylinder/spherical shell basic equation is given by introducing a geometric parameter. The degradations of the analytical solutions in this paper are consistent with the corresponding results in the existing work. The effects of interference value, structural material parameters, and geometric dimensions on the displacement and stress distribution of FGMs structures are analyzed numerically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbonate rock formations have obvious dual media characteristics, fracture development and good physical conditions, which are the main seepage channels and storage spaces for gas after the reconstruction of underground gas storage. The carbonate strata of the Ordovician system are important natural gas reservoirs in the eastern area of Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin, and the identification and characterization of their fractures are of great significance for the modeling of fractures in the later stage and the improvement of the operation scheme of the gas storage. At present, there is little research on fractures, which restricts exploration and development. Therefore, taking the 39–61 gas storage reservoir in the eastern area of Sulige Gas Field in the Ordos Basin as the research object, this paper identifies and studies the characteristics of the fractures by core, microscopic, conventional logging curves, and imaging logging identification. The results show that the fracture length ranges from 5 to 15 cm and the width ranges from 0.1 to 3 mm. The fracture angles are mostly between 75° and 90° and the main direction is NW–SE. In conventional logging curves, porosity logging has a good response to fractures, while resistivity logging has a general response to fractures; In layers with more developed fractures, natural gamma values are mostly higher than 40API, rock volume density is less than 2.8 g/cm3, neutron porosity is greater than 12.5%, and acoustic time difference is greater than 160 μ s/m. This study is of great significance for improving the identification of carbonate fractures, enriching the relevant theories, and providing guidance for the construction of carbonate gas storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a class of gradient-descent heuristic algorithms for the bi-level demand adjustment problem (DAP), which seeks to adjust origin-destination (OD) matrices based on observed link flows in congested transportation networks. We first present a general gradient-descent solution framework for the bi-level DAP and then examine and further develop its two building blocks, namely, the gradient approximation and stepsize calculation. This paper presents two gradient approximation and four stepsize calculation methods, of which two stepsize methods are newly developed. Similarities and differences between these algorithms, as well as the relevant implementation issues are discussed in great detail. The numerical results show that algorithms employing the new stepsize calculation strategies consistently outperform existing algorithms in terms of both computational precision and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drainage-based gas control methods will cause mine gas to be discharged into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution and aggravating the greenhouse effect. Methane in mine gas can be oxidatively decomposed by using microbial technology, to reduce mine gas emissions and the threat of gas to mine safety. However, coal mines' methane and oxygen concentrations change in real time. To explore the effects of different methane and oxygen concentrations on the methane-oxidizing bacteria mixed community, a methane-oxidizing bacteria mixed community was enriched and cultured from mine soil samples in this study, and its community structure, cell morphology, and methane degradation ability were analyzed. The results showed that the methane-oxidizing bacteria Methylomicrobium accounted for 55.6% of the total, Cloacibacterium accounted for 19.39%, and Methylophilus accounted for 10.3%. The methane degradation rate of the mixed community can reach 29.98 μmol mL−1 d−1. Using the Michaelis–Menten kinetic equation analysis, it was found that the methane degradation effect was the highest when the methane concentration was 1%–20%, and the maximum methane oxidation rate could reach 57.078 μmol mL−1 d−1. When the oxygen concentration ranged from 1% to 50%, the methane degradation ability of methanotrophs gradually increased with the increase of oxygen concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 (MAS) glass has widespread applications due to the excellent chemical stability and mechanical strength. Accommodation of macroscopic properties requires a systematic investigation of the microstructure of glass caused by compositional adjustment. In this work, effects of progressive replacement of MgO by Al2O3 or SiO2 on glass structure and Vickers hardness were investigated. With the replacement of MgO by Al2O3 or SiO2, the glass network was strengthened, as a result, the glass transition temperature was increased and the crystallization tendency was weakened. The degree of structural changes caused by substitution of SiO2 for MgO is more significant than that of Al2O3 substitute for MgO. The strengthened glass network promotes the increase of Vickers hardness, and the coefficient of thermal expansion can be tailored in a large range. The results show that MAS glass maybe useful in the field of glass substrates for TFT–LCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One new sesquiterpene, (6S,7R,11S)-13-carboxy-1(10)-en-dihydroartemisinic acid (1), together with three known sesquiterpenes, ainsliaea acid B (2), mongolicumin B (3), and 11β,13-dihydroxydeacetylmatricarin (4) were isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rate of 37%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The magneto-elastoplastic behavior is investigated for functionally graded cylinder. • Critical pressures between different elastoplastic deformation states are given analytically. • Exact solutions of stress and displacement are obtained for different deformation states. • The residual stress caused by unloading internal pressure is solved analytically. With the development of composite material technology, the multi-field coupling analysis of functionally graded (FG) structures has attracted extensive attention. For FG cylindrical pressure vessels, due to the non-uniform distribution of stresses filed in the structure, plastic deformation occurs irreversibly under external load, and Lorentz's force under static magnetic field is also one of the key factors affecting the elastoplastic state. Assuming that the elastic modulus of FG cylinder changes as a power function along the thickness and Poisson's ratio is constant, the hollow cylinder under the combined action of applied magnetic field and internal pressure may have four deformation states containing pure elastic deformation, partial plastic deformation yielding from the inner surface, partial plastic deformation yielding from the outer surface, and full plasticity. In this paper, analytical solutions of stress and displacement fields of the FG cylinder under these four different elastoplastic states are given, and the critical load conditions corresponding to the transition between these four different states are proposed. The correctness of the present analytical solution in this paper is verified by comparing it with the existing results of related simplified problems. In addition, the analytical solution of residual stress distribution caused by unloading internal pressure is discussed for self-reinforcing processing. Based on the analytical solution in this paper, the influence of FG parameter, applied magnetic field and internal pressure on the elastoplastic state, plastic zone size, stresses and displacements distribution of FG cylinder is analyzed in detail. This study shows that for this magneto-elastoplastic problem of FG cylinder, plastic deformation may appear from the inner surface or outer surfaces. With the increase of FG parameter, the first yielding position of FG cylinder changes from the inner surface to the outer surface. In addition, the existence of an applied magnetic field reduces the critical internal pressure required for FG cylinders to yield, making the FG hollow cylinder more prone to plastic deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their superior mechanical and electrical characteristics, Al2O3 epoxy composites (Al2O3/EP) are extensively utilized in producing insulation devices. However, Al2O3/EP is prone to accumulating a large amount of charge under a direct current (DC), which threatens the operation of the power system. In this article, we conducted surface fluorinated etching and SiOx deposition on the material by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Various testing methods were used to investigate the impacts of plasma modification on the physicochemical characterization of Al2O3/EP, and the changes in superficial conductivity, flashover voltage, charge dissipation rate, and trap distribution were experimentally tested. The influences of two plasma modification methods on the physicochemical characterization of Al2O3/EP were analyzed. The enhancement mechanism of Al2O3/EP flash behavior by fluorinated etching and SiOx deposition is summarized. The findings demonstrate that the insulation behavior of Al2O3/EP results from a combination of a few dominant and multiple factors. Fluorinated etching enhances the degree of roughness and the relative proportion of the F element, provides chemically deep traps, and raises the flashover voltage by up to 19%. SiOx deposition boosts the dispersion of charges by forming SiOx layers on the surface, reducing the degree of roughness and increasing the content of the silicon–oxygen element, making it more difficult for charges to accumulate and increasing the flashover voltage by up to 15%. This study will reveal the internal relationship between gas–solid interface and surface flashover, and provide a possible scheme for suppressing surface flashover. Highlights: Modifications substantially increase the flashover voltage.Modifications allow a wide range of interface parameters to be adjusted.The effects of modifications on physicochemical properties are compared.The enhancement mechanism of flashover voltage by modifications is compared.The overall effect of multiple factors on insulation properties is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the market framing bias (MFB): a framing effect that affects the return-risk tradeoff under different frameworks of aggregate market losses and profits, which is measured by the absolute difference between betas in the rising and falling markets. The paper finds that the MFB can predict lower future stock return on the cross-section. Specifically, after controlling for various firm-specific characteristics, this predictive power of the FMB declines over time. Furthermore, the predictive power of the FMB is stable in the short term even after controlling for various pricing factors and firm-specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen (N) use strongly depends on soil pH and affects both agricultural production and environmental pollution control. We selected four treatments (no-fertilization control (CT); combined mineral N, P and K fertilization (CF); 50% CF+50% chicken manure N (CFM); and chicken manure N (M)) to compare crop yield, N uptake, N use efficiency (NUE), and the N surplus in a Chinese cabbage-maize cropping system in a field experiment from 2011 to 2016 along a pH gradient (alkaline (pH 8.32), near-neutral (pH 6.56) and acidic soil (pH 5.91)). Chicken manure treatment was most appropriate in acidic soils because it increased pH by 2.03 units, up to 13% crop yield, and increased N uptake and NUE than that in alkaline and near-neutral soils. Under mineral fertilization, the N surplus in acidic soil was the highest. We conclude that combined organic-mineral fertilization in alkaline, near-neutral, and acidic soils is a promising strategy that not only increases the crop yield, N uptake, and NUE but also decreases the N surplus. Organic manure is especially recommended as an efficient strategy in acidic soils to increase crop yield and NUE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effervescent atomization is widely used in industrial, agricultural, and national defense fields because of its low energy consumption. Quality improvement to spray has been pursued for decades as an important goal without increasing energy consumption. To investigate the relationship between the internal flow and spray characteristic, a swirl effervescent atomizer coupled with a wire mesh was designed in this paper. The effect of wire mesh on spray characteristics and internal flow with different structural parameters was investigated. The experimental results showed that the spray quality (small droplet diameter and stable atomization) was improved by installing a wire mesh in the mixing chamber. The droplet diameter decreased first and then increased with the increase in the effective porosity of the wire mesh, and Sauter mean diameter decreased from 23.1 to 20 μm. Moreover, this study adopts the simulation to explore the influence of bubble size on the spray droplet in the mixing chamber. The simulation results showed that as the effective porosity of the wire mesh increases, the proportion of small-scale bubbles (the bubble diameter Db ≤ 1 mm) increased from 11.3% to 83.37%, resulting in reduced spray droplet diameter. Notably, the number of small-scale bubbles increases first and then decreases, and the mean pressure drops decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the instability and susceptibility to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their storage has always been at high risk of fire. Numerous studies have analyzed the risk of fire in lithium-ion battery (LIB) warehouses. Still, most of them have focused on the factors influencing the fire following the thermal runaway of a LIB occurs, and there has been a lack of research on the causes of the LIB thermal runaway being occurred. To address this shortcoming, this paper proposed a comprehensive framework considering multiple influencing factors for fire risk assessment in LIB warehouses that combines Bayesian networks (BNs) and expert evaluation. The proposed framework adopts the Bayesian network (BN) model that considers three main types of parameters: fire causes, fire spread influencing factors, and fire consequences. The main objective was to analyze the evolution and consequences of LIB warehouse fires dynamically and provide effective suggestions for fire risk reduction. The results showed that the proposed framework was a reliable avenue for fire risk assessment of LIB warehouses. In addition, it was demonstrated that human factors commonly cause the LIB warehouse open fires. Thus, to prevent open fires from continuing spreading, the LIB warehouses should avoid storing batteries with high state of charge values; furthermore, if it is necessary to store them, automatic sprinklers and other firefighting facilities should be installed. In addition, timely firefighter response and the installation of mechanical ventilation systems are essential to substantially curtail casualties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization in vegetable-maize rotations is effective in improving agricultural production and mitigating environmental impacts to ensure sustainable food security. The dynamic and sustainability of crop yields, crop root biomasses, and accumulations and sequestration rates of soil organic C (SOC) and total N (STN) were explored and analyzed under four N application rates (kg N ha−1 year−1): 0 (Control), 285 (Low-N), 480 (Medium-N), and 720 (High-N). The Low-N and Medium-N applications increased Chinese cabbage yield by 22% and 20.7% than the High-N application, respectively. The Medium-N application gained the highest grain yield and root biomass in the maize season when compared with the Low-N application. The sustainable yield index had no difference between Low-N and Medium-N treatments in Chinese cabbage-maize rotation. Compared to the Low-N application, the Medium-N application improved the storage and sequestration rates of SOC and STN. Simultaneously, the Medium-N application significantly enhanced the soil C:N ratio than the High-N application. In conclusion, the Medium-N application is a promising fertilization strategy in the Chinese cabbage-maize cropping system as it increases the yield and root biomass of crops, improves the accumulation and sequestration rates of SOC and STN, and maintains a high soil C:N ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in work and lifestyle, impacting occupational mental health. This study examines the time and individual heterogeneity in the pandemic's effects on occupational mental health using panel data from job stress checks spanning 2018 to 2021. On average, there was an initial alleviation of high-stress risk in 2020, followed by a deterioration in 2021. Based on the job demand-resource theory, we identify the group of employees most affected by the pandemic. The findings highlight that employees in unfavorable workplace conditions are more likely to experience substantial adverse impacts. Adequate workplace support, including factors like interpersonal relationships, managerial support, job meaning, control, and work-life balance, is crucial for mitigating high-stress risk. Additionally, during the early phase of the pandemic, engaged employees experienced a slight decline in occupational mental health, while those lacking job resources at their worksite faced higher levels of occupational stress in the subsequent year. These findings offer practical suggestions for person-centered coping strategies to mitigate the pandemic's adverse impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of pesticide residues in aquatic products is challenging due to low residue levels and the complex matrix interference. In this study, we developed a simple, fast method for the trace analysis of 90 pesticides and metabolites in aquatic products. The analytes covered a wide polarity range with log Kow (log octanol-water partition coefficient) ranging from −1.2 to 6.37. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and prawn (Penaeus chinensis) samples were chosen to validate the quantification method. The samples were extracted by 0.2% formic-acetonitrile, cleaned by solid-phase extraction (PRiME HLB), and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed good linearities for the analytes and were observed in the range of 0.05–50 μg/L. The recoveries of the method were within 50.4–118.6%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 20%. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.05–5.0 μg/kg, which were superior to values compared with other research. The developed method was applied to detect pesticide residues in prawn samples from eastern coastal areas of China. Three herbicide residues of diuron, prometryn, and atrazine were detected in prawn samples. The method was sensitive and efficient, which is of significance in expanding the screening scope and improving the quantitative analysis efficiency in aquatic products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although dicofol has been widely banned all over the world as a kind of organochlorine contaminant, it still exists in the environment. This study developed a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) detection technique for dicofol, an environmental pollutant, for the first time using in-source fragmentation. The results confirmed that m/z 251 was the only precursor ion of dicofol after in-source fragmentation, and m/z 139 and m/z 111 were reasonable product ions. The main factors triggering the in-source fragmentation were the H+ content and solution conductivity when dicofol entered the mass spectrometer. Density functional theory can be used to analyze and interpret the mechanism of dicofol fragmentation reaction in ESI source. Dicofol reduced the molecular energy from 8.8 ± 0.05 kcal/mol to 1.0 ± 0.05 kcal/mol, indicating that the internal energy release from high to low was the key driving force of in-source fragmentation. A method based on HPLC-MS/MS was developed to analyze dicofol residues in environmental water. The LOQ was 0.1 μg/L, which was better than the previous GC or GC-MS methods. This study not only proposed an HPLC-MS/MS analysis method for dicofol for the first time but also explained the in-source fragmentation mechanism of compounds in ESI source, which has positive significance for the study of compounds with unconventional mass spectrometry behavior in the field of organic pollutant analysis and metabonomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of titanium-bearing components in the form of CaTiO3 is an efficient utilization of blast furnace slag. The photocatalytic performance of this obtained CaTiO3 (MM-CaTiO3) as a catalyst for methylene blue (MB) degradation was evaluated in this study. The analyses indicated that the MM-CaTiO3 had a completed structure with a special length–diameter ratio. Furthermore, the oxygen vacancy was easier to generate on a MM-CaTiO3(110) plane during the photocatalytic process, contributing to improving photocatalytic activity. Compared with traditional catalysts, MM-CaTiO3 has a narrower optical band gap and visible-light responsive performance. The degradation experiments further confirmed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of pollutants by using MM-CaTiO3 was 3.2 times that of pristine CaTiO3 in optimized conditions. Combined with molecular simulation, the degradation mechanism clarified that acridine of MB molecular was stepwise destroyed by using MM-CaTiO3 in short times, which is different from demethylation and methylenedioxy ring degradation by using TiO2. This study provided a promising routine for using solid waste to obtain catalysts with excellent photocatalytic activity and was found to be in keeping with sustainable environmental development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of functionally graded materials (FGMs), the multi-field coupling of FGMs has received extensive attention. The analytical solutions of the thermal distribution, displacement, strain, and stress of a rotating functionally graded (FG) cylinder or circular disk are studied under a uniform constant magnetic field. In this paper, the FG cylinder or circular disk are subjected to axisymmetric mechanical and thermal loads. It is assumed that the material properties of the cylinder or circular disk change as the power functions along with the radius direction. On the basis of the dynamic equation of the rotating cylinder with the Lorentz force, the second-order ordinary differential equation is derived, and the analytical solutions of the multi-field coupling are obtained. The three simplified problems are solved as the special cases of the present analytical expressions. In addition, the effects of FG parameter, thermal load, magnetic field, internal pressure, and rotating velocity on the magneto-thermal–mechanical response of FG cylinder or circular disk are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: IL-17A is a pleiotropic cytokine and intimately associated with asthma, but its role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is conflicting in the literature. Methods: Children hospitalized in the respiratory department with RSV infection during RSV pandemic season of 2018–2020 were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected for pathogen and cytokines determination. In the murine model, RSV intranasal administrations were performed in wild-type and IL-17A-/- mice. Leukocytes and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), lung histopathology, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) were measured. RORγt mRNA and IL-23R mRNA were semi-quantified by qPCR. Results: IL-17A increased significantly in RSV-infected children and was positively associated with pneumonia severity. In the murine model, IL-17A significantly increased in BALF of mice with RSV infection. Airway inflammation, lung tissue damage and AHR were significantly alleviated in wild-type mice following IL-17A neutralization and in the IL-17A-/- mice. IL-17A decreased by removing CD4+ T cells but increased by depleting CD8+ T cells. IL-6, IL-21, RORγt mRNA and IL-23R mRNA dramatically increased in parallel with the rise of IL-17A. Conclusions: IL-17A contributes to the airway dysfunctions induced by RSV in children and murine. CD3+CD4+T cells are its major cellular sources and the IL-6/IL-21-IL-23R-RORγt signaling pathway might participate in its regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ambiguous results of multiple CD34+ cell-based therapeutic trials for patients with heart disease have halted the large-scale application of stem/progenitor cell treatment. This study aimed to delineate the biological functions of heterogenous CD34+ cell populations and investigate the net effect of CD34+ cell intervention on cardiac remodeling. We confirmed, by combining single-cell RNA sequencing on human and mouse ischemic hearts and an inducible Cd34 lineage-tracing mouse model, that Cd34+ cells mainly contributed to the commitment of mesenchymal cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and monocytes/macrophages during heart remodeling with distinct pathological functions. The Cd34+-lineage-activated mesenchymal cells were responsible for cardiac fibrosis, while CD34+Sca-1high was an active precursor and intercellular player that facilitated Cd34+-lineage angiogenic EC-induced postinjury vessel development. We found through bone marrow transplantation that bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells only accounted for inflammatory response. We confirmed using a Cd34-CreERT2; R26-DTA mouse model that the depletion of Cd34+ cells could alleviate the severity of ventricular fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury with improved cardiac function. This study provided a transcriptional and cellular landscape of CD34+ cells in normal and ischemic hearts and illustrated that the heterogeneous population of Cd34+ cell-derived cells served as crucial contributors to cardiac remodeling and function after the I/R injury, with their capacity to generate diverse cellular lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common type of hereditary erythrocyte membrane disease and has varied phenotypic features and genetic patterns. We herein performed a retrospective study of 94 patients with HS and aimed to investigate the genetic variations and genotype–phenotype correlations using targeted next‐generation sequencing. In 79/94 (84%) patients, 83 HS variants including 67 novel variants were identified. Pathogenic variants of SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1, SPTA1, and EPB42 were found in 32/79(41%), 22/79(28%), 15/79 (19%), 8/79 (9%), and 3/79 (4%) of the patients respectively, revealing that SPTB is the most frequently mutated HS gene in Eastern China. Most SPTB and ANK1 gene variations were nonsense and frameshift variations. Missense variants were the main variant type of SLC4A1, SPTA1, and EPB42 genes. Interestingly, one SPTA1 variant (p. Arg1757Cys) showed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and one EPB42 variant (p. Gln377His) was apparent as a hotspot variation. Furthermore, genotype–phenotype analysis was performed among the five mutated gene groups. Besides the finding that patients with the SLC4A1 variant had the highest mean corpuscular hemoglobin levels, no clear correlations between genotype and phenotype were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune interactions play important roles in the regulation of T cells' cytotoxic function, further impacting the anti-tumor efficacy of immunotherapy. A comprehensive analysis of immune cell types in HCC and immune-cell-related signatures predicting prognosis and monitoring immunotherapy efficacy is still absent. Methods: More than 1,300 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) patients were collected from public databases and included in the present study. The ssGSEA algorithm was applied to calculate the infiltration level of 28 immunocyte subpopulations. A cell pair algorithm was applied to construct an immune-cell-related prognostic index (ICRPI). Survival analyses were performed to measure the survival difference across ICRPI risk groups. Spearman's correlation analyses were used for the relevance assessment. A Wilcoxon test was used to measure the expression level's differences. Results: In this study, 28 immune subpopulations were retrieved, and 374 immune cell pairs (ICPs) were established, 38 of which were picked out by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm. By using the selected ICPs, the ICRPI was constructed and validated to play crucial roles in survival stratification and dynamic monitoring of immunotherapy effect. We also explored several candidate drugs targeting ICRPI. A composite ICRPI and clinical prognostic index (ICPI) was then constructed, which achieved a more accurate estimation of HCC's survival and is a better choice for prognosis predictions in HCC. Conclusions: In conclusion, we constructed and validated ICRPI based on the cell pair algorithm in this study, which might provide some novel insights for increasing the survival estimation and clinical response to immune therapy for individual HCC patients and contribute to the personalized precision immunotherapy strategy of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing stakeholder signaling theory and legitimacy theory, this study seeks to resolve the nexus between corporate social responsibility (CSP) and corporate financial performance (CFP). This study focuses on the investors' response and assumes that investors may read the CSP reports through various media and obtain the cognition and attitudes of the firms involved. Therefore, media legitimacy works as an important mediator between CSP and CFP. This paper categorizes CSP into three dimensions: market CSP, environmental CSP, and social CSP. In addition, we categorize media legitimacy into two dimensions: visibility and valence (tone). We study the mediating effects of both visibility and valence for 86 listed firms in China's markets. The results show that media legitimacy does mediate the relationship between CSP and CFP. Furthermore, the mediating mechanisms differ among market CSP, environmental CSP, and social CSP. The results have important implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effervescent atomization performance depends on the bubble size inside the mixing chamber, consequently influencing the spray dust control performance. This paper proposes an optimization of atomization quality and dust control performance by incorporating a bubble cutter in the atomizer mixing chamber. The effects of the bubble cutter aperture on spray characteristics and flow characteristics were experimentally investigated under different operating conditions. Experimental results showed that Sauter means diameter (SMD) decreases with increasing injection pressure and gas-liquid mass flow ratio (GLR). Furthermore, SMD initially increased and then decreased by reducing the aperture of the bubble cutter from 500 µm to 80 µm. In particular, high injection pressure (P i =0.6 MPa) and low gas-liquid mass flow ratio (GLR =0.09) strengthened the effects of the bubble cutter aperture on SMD. Moreover, bubble cutter causes a contiguous concentrated droplet size distribution, but it has little effect on droplet velocity. Ultimately, the optimal bubble cutter aperture on the efficiency of respirable dust control efficiencies was theoretically calculated. The dust control efficiency is a maximum at the bubble cutter with an aperture of 230 µm for the effervescent atomizer in this paper. Spray dust control efficiency reaches 93.15 %, which effectively solves the problem of high dust concentration pollution in the mechanized working environment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that tumor size has an impact on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether tumor size is related to the prognosis of distant metastatic HCC is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tumor size on the prognosis of distant metastatic HCC. Methods: Data on patients with HCC were collected from the (SEER) database of surveillance, epidemiology and final results. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce confounding factors and comprehensively evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of distant metastatic HCC. Results: There were 189 patients with distant metastatic HCC whose tumor size was ≤ 50 mm and 615 patients with a tumor size > 50 mm. The tumor sizes of distant metastatic HCC patients were associated with race, grade, surgical treatment, N and AFP. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the mortality rate of patients with a tumor size > 50 mm was higher than that of patients with a tumor size ≤ 50 mm (p = 0.00062). However, there were no significant differences in mortality rates after adjusting for confounding variables by using propensity score matching (p = 0.23). Conclusion: This propensity score matching study provides the best data in support of the following assertions: tumor size is not an independent prognostic factor for distant metastatic HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important part of the city, urban streets have always played an active role in carrying public needs and optimizing public living spaces. They are also important to open public spaces in the city. In addition, with technology integration and life, the interactive experience of artificial intelligence (AI) in Street View is gradually increasing. A streetscape planning and design method based on AI interactive experience is proposed. CSiXRevit 2022 software builds street simulation models for better street planning and design. Street digital imaging technology is used to analyze the original streetscape. Landscape features are integrated with the street model. Based on intelligent technology, urban landscape design is studied, and AI interactive experience is analyzed. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and AI technology evaluate the effect of landscape design. Firstly, AHP is used to construct the evaluation index system of the rural landscape design effect, and the index weight is determined. Back propagation neural network (BPNN) is used to construct an evaluation model of landscape design effect. Three indexes of target, project, and indicator layer are used to evaluate the effect of rural landscape design. The results show that (1) the variety and richness of streetscapes in the survey area should be increased. Interactive buildings should be placed on the street. (2) The comprehensive evaluation score of the street landscape is 0.60, and the design effect is excellent. The comprehensive evaluation values of the three project layers are 0.65, 0.48, and 0.67, respectively. The data show that the carrying capacity index of the study area is the best, and the vitality index is the weakest. Therefore, when designing the street landscape, the economic development has been strengthened by attracting investment, introducing large-scale exhibition shops, increasing street income, strengthening the construction of street public facilities, and paying attention to the public street experience. This work can provide references for related streetscape designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that tumor size has an impact on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Whether tumor size is related to the prognosis of distant metastatic HCC is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of tumor size on the prognosis of distant metastatic HCC. Methods: Data on patients with HCC were collected from the (SEER) database of surveillance, epidemiology and final results. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce confounding factors and comprehensively evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of distant metastatic HCC. Results: There were 189 patients with distant metastatic HCC whose tumor size was ≤ 50 mm and 615 patients with a tumor size > 50 mm. The tumor sizes of distant metastatic HCC patients were associated with race, grade, surgical treatment, N and AFP. The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the mortality rate of patients with a tumor size > 50 mm was higher than that of patients with a tumor size ≤ 50 mm (p = 0.00062). However, there were no significant differences in mortality rates after adjusting for confounding variables by using propensity score matching (p = 0.23). Conclusion: This propensity score matching study provides the best data in support of the following assertions: tumor size is not an independent prognostic factor for distant metastatic HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distortion process of kaolinite annealed from 25 °C to 550 °C for different holding times can be characterized using a thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC) for thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for establishing the crystal structure, the Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) for identifying the functional groups, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) for establishing the microstructure. Dehydroxylation is the main reaction during annealing from 25 °C to 550 °C and leads to kaolinite crystal distortion. A stable crystal structure during distortion was obtained by optimizing the bulk phase with quantum chemistry. Then, the crystal structure was studied by using ab initio multiple scattering calculations for X-ray absorption of the fine structure (XAFS). The results of X-ray absorption near the edge structures (XANES) determined that peak shifts and intensity phases slightly increased. The crystal structure distortion of kaolinite during annealing can be explained by the experimental and simulation results. This work provides theoretical support for identifying kaolinite with different degrees of distortion and has the potential for further developments in coal gangue separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variations in summer precipitation according to different grades and their effects on summer drought/flooding in the Haihe River basin were analyzed using the daily precipitation data from 161 meteorological stations from 1972 to 2021. The results showed that the number of rainy days (NRD) in summer in the Haihe River basin significantly declined in the past 50 years, mainly due to the reduction in the number of light-rain days. The precipitation amount (PA) exhibited prominent interdecadal characteristics, showing an upward tendency in the past 20 years accompanied by a remarkable increase in the proportion of torrential rain. The NRD in the northern part of the basin significantly decreased, while the PA in the southeast showed an increasing trend. Summer drought/flooding was strongly linked to the changes in the NRD and was predominantly affected by intense precipitation, with contribution rates of 5.5%, 16.8%, 31.2%, and 46.5% from light, moderate, heavy, and torrential rain, respectively. The effects of torrential rain increased in recent decades, particularly in the flooding scenarios. In addition, July was the critical period for summer drought/flooding, with the major influence of heavy and torrential rain. The most intense summer rainfall event in the Haihe River basin could contribute from 15% to 29% of total precipitation, resulting in changes in the severity and state of summer drought/flooding, which indicated that the precipitation process had a decisive impact on seasonal drought/flooding. Therefore, when predicting summer precipitation in the Haihe River basin, it is necessary to pay attention to the intense rainfall events during critical periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical solutions of the thermal distribution, mechanical distribution of displacement and stress for a rotating functionally graded material (FGM) thick-walled spherical pressure vessel are obtained under a uniform constant magnetic field. Here, the vessel is subjected to spherically symmetrical thermal and mechanical loads, and the FGM properties change as the power function along with the thickness of the pressure vessel in this paper. On the basis of the dynamic equation with the Lorentz force effect, the analytical solutions of various physical fields are obtained, where the finite difference method (FDM) is also given for this problem. The four simplified problems are solved as the special cases of our present analytical expressions. The present theory is verified by the comparison with the solutions in the existing works or the numerical results from FDM. In addition, the effects of different physical fields such as the mechanical, magnetic, and thermal fields on the coupling response of FGM spherical vessels are studied in detail. There are significant coupling effects on the distributions of displacement and stresses. The FGM thick-walled spherical vessel designed with suitable FGM parameters can realize the optimal regulation of displacement and stresses distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nanobubble aeration improved dissolved oxygen levels in water and sediment. • The NIMCSC system exhibited the best aerobic denitrification performance. • The abundance of key indigenous aerobic denitrifiers significantly increased. • Genes related to N metabolism, electron production, and transfer were upregulated. The primary constraints for efficient nitrogen removal in aquaculture ponds by indigenous aerobic denitrifiers are oxygen depletion in sediment and the shortage of electron donors. This study innovatively combined nanobubble aeration with iron-based multi-carbon source composites to stimulate aerobic denitrifiers, significantly improving the sediment's oxygen level and supplementing the electron donors of the system. Compared with the systems that incorporated multi-carbon source composites (MCSC) or iron-based multi-carbon source composites (IMCSC) under diffused air aeration conditions, the system that employed nanobubble aeration and iron-based multi-carbon source composites (NIMCSC) demonstrated an increase in total nitrogen (TN) elimination rate by 14.07% and 7.46%, respectively, reaching 89.75%. Microbial community analysis revealed that the NIMCSC system enriched the mixotrophic aerobic denitrifiers and fostered a symbiotic relationship among the bacterial communities. Moreover, compared with the MCSC and IMCSC systems, the NIMCSC system highlighted a significant increase in the average abundance of key indigenous aerobic denitrifiers. Meanwhile, the production and transfer process of electrons were stimulated, providing more energy and electron donors and assisting various abundant key functional enzymes to achieve efficient mixotrophic aerobic denitrification in the NIMCSC system. This study presented a novel approach to achieve efficient aquaculture wastewater nitrogen removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal gangue (CG) contains abundant rare earth elements (REEs), which is a potential REE resource. REEs are mainly present in clay minerals as hydrates. The adsorption, desorption, and diffusion of REEs-hydrates on the surface of clay minerals are the key to regulating the leaching effect of REEs. The paper focuses on the typical clay minerals kaolinite and REEs-hydrates and combines quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics methods to systematically study the adsorption, desorption, and dynamic diffusion behavior of REEs-hydrates in acid solution. The research results indicate that stable REEs-hydrates La(H 2 O) 9 and Y(H 2 O) 7 are formed, with ion bonds between REEs and water molecules. La(H 2 O) 9 and Y(H 2 O) 7 mainly interact with the kaolinite (001) surface through hydrogen bonding. Competitive adsorption is formed between water molecules, hydrated hydrogen ions, and REEs-hydrates. Water molecules and hydrated hydrogen ions occupy the adsorption active sites of REEs-hydrates and form a dense water molecular layer on the surface. The distance between H 3 O+ and REEs-hydrates and the number of H 3 O+ in the solvent layer affect the desorption and diffusion behavior of hydrates. The bonding law, dynamic desorption, and diffusion mechanism of REEs-hydrates can provide meaningful references for selective leaching of REEs from CG. [Display omitted] • Adsorption, desorption, dynamic diffusion of REEs-hydrates are investigated by DFT and MD simulations. • REEs-hydrates are adsorbed in pores of the Al O six-membered rings. • Hydrogen bonds are formed between REEs-hydrates and kaolinite surface. • Competitive adsorption occurs between H 2 O, H 3 O+, and REEs-hydrates. • Number and distance of H 3 O+ both affect adsorption and desorption of hydrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multilayer heterostructure power-law inhomogeneous (MHPI) model is proposed. • The FGMs with arbitrary elastic modulus and density along the radial direction. • Many numerical examples prove the reliability and convergence of the model. • Avoidance of circumferential stress oscillation in multilayer homogeneous model. • Optimization and design of FGMs spherical shell by adjusting the gradient index. With the development of functionally graded materials (FGMs) composite technology, structural safety analysis related to FGMs has been widely concerned. An innovative multilayer heterostructure power-law inhomogeneous (MHPI) model is taken to solve the rotating FGMs hollow spherical shell with arbitrarily varying material properties (elastic modulus and density) along the radial direction. The basic idea of MHPI model is that the rotating FGMs spherical shell is divided into multiple sublayers, and two power functions approximate the elastic modulus and density of each sublayer respectively. For each single sublayer, the analytical solutions include two undetermined constants, which can be obtained from the boundary and continuity conditions. Many numerical examples of the rotating FGMs spherical shell are discussed, involving seven property profiles gradient laws assumptions, three boundary conditions, and nine volume fraction gradient models. Finally, this study further discusses the rotating FGMs spherical shell optimization design. The greatest advantage of this study is that the elastic response of the rotating FGMs spherical shell under various gradient assumptions is completely discussed. The numerical results show that the MHPI model can solve the problem of circumferential stress oscillation well and have good convergence and high accuracy. For many numerical examples, the error of the MHPI model results is about 5‰ when sublayer number reaches 15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The all-inorganic lead-free perovskite Cs 2 SnI 6 has gained considerable research attention due to its outstanding characteristics, including non-toxicity, robust stability, and superior photoelectric performance. In this research, we employed a simple yet robust chemical vapor deposition technique to successfully grow ultra-thin 2D Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes on a mica substrate, achieving a minimal thickness of just 8 nm and a significant lateral size of up to 48 μm. The obtained 2D Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes displayed an extended photoluminescent lifetime of approximately 1.44 ns and exceptional stability, maintaining their crystal structure intact over a period of 60 days. The photodetectors fabricated from Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes demonstrated a broad ultraviolet to near-infrared response range (365–1342 nm), with a responsivity of up to 6.25 × 105 A W−1. They additionally displayed rapid rise and decay times of 31.32 ms and 72.42 ms, respectively, with an external quantum efficiency reaching as high as 1.92 × 106 %, and a detectivity achieving 1.27 × 1011 Jones. This research serves as a critical step forward in enabling the facile yet robust synthesis of stable, all-inorganic ultra-thin lead-free perovskites, paving the way for innovation in environmentally friendly optoelectronic devices. • For the first time, 2D Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes have been successfully synthesized using the chemical vapor deposition method. • The prepared Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes exhibit micrometer-scale lateral sizes, long fluorescence lifetimes, and high crystal quality. • The grown 2D Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes is not only non-toxic and eco-friendly but also exhibits excellent environmental stability. • The photodetectors based on 2D Cs 2 SnI 6 flakes exhibit UV to NIR response with high responsivity (6.25 × 105 A W-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]