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University life can be stressful and students may struggle to adjust socially. We examined students' social achievement goals--their orientations towards their relationships with their peers--as one important factor underlying students' social and psychological adjustment in college. When investigating the direct and indirect effects of social achievement goals on psychological adjustment (i.e., life satisfaction, depression, stress, and worry), the mediating role of emotion regulation was examined. Data were collected from students attending a university in China (N = 1,242, 35% male). The widely adopted three-factor structure of social achievement goals (i.e., social development goals, social demonstration-approach goals, social demonstration-avoidance goals) was confirmed to fit the data among Chinese college students. The results show the direct and indirect benefits of endorsing a social development goal. Augmented emotion regulation mediated the effect of social development goals. The total effects of a social demonstration-approach goal were weak, but the goal indirectly impaired students' psychological adjustment via reduced emotion regulation. Endorsing a social demonstration-avoidance goal tended to compromise psychological adjustment and the effects were mediated through reduced emotion regulation. Implications for supporting students' adjustment to college are discussed.

Urbanization is the form of China's future social change. It will expand domestic demand and promotes economic development. However, as rural people move into cities, their income level and life style will change significantly, which means much larger energy demand. Therefore, it is meaningful to study how the rapid progress will affect the residential energy demand. This study covers several major factors that may affect it: urbanization level. residential consumption level and cost of energy use. The key part is an analysis of the shift of residential energy consumption per capita caused by urbanization. An empirical analysis indicates a significant negative correlation relationship between the cost of energy use and the residential energy consumption per capitam, and a significant positive correlation relationship between residential consumption level and residential energy consumption per capita. The study also finds that the impact of urbanization upon residential energy consumption lags for 4 years behind. Therefore, the turning point of China's residential energy consumption is estimated to be in 2024f and after that, it will step into its steady growth period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study on the synthesis of carbon black (CB)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) composites through polymerization filling to show the role of crystalline polymers (CB) filled amorphous polymer composites and improve the mechanical properties of composite films. The influence of PEG concentration and molecular weight on electrical responses of CB/PEG/PMMA conductive composites against organic vapors is discussed.

Objectives: To study the risk factors for embolism in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) and to construct a nomogram model for prediction of embolism., Methods: This retrospective study included 175 children diagnosed with RMPP at Children's Hospital Affiliated toZhengzhou University from January 2019 to October 2023. They were divided into two groups based on the presence of embolism: the embolism group ( n =62) and the non-embolism group ( n =113). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen for risk factors of embolism in children with RMPP, and the R software was applied to construct the nomogram model for prediction of embolism., Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that higher levels of D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lung necrosis, and pleural effusion were risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP ( P <0.05). The area under the curve of the nomogram model for prediction of embolism constructed based on the aforementioned risk factors was 0.912 (95% CI : 0.871-0.952, P <0.05). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed that the model had a good fit with the actual situation ( P <0.05). Calibration and decision curve analysis indicated that the model had high predictive efficacy and clinical applicability., Conclusions: Higher levels of D-dimer, IL-6 and NLR, lung necrosis, and pleural effusion are risk factors for embolism in children with RMPP. The nomogram model based on these risk factors has high clinical value for predicting embolism in children with RMPP.

This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior induced by chronic water immersion restraint stress (CWIRS) and the underlying mechanism. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats received CWIRS to induce depression-like behavior and 4-week voluntary wheel running exercise. Meanwhile, the rats were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or STAT3 over-expression vector (pcDNA-STAT3) by intracerebroventricular injection. Behavioral tests were used to detect depression-like behavior. ELISA assay was used to detect levels of various inflammatory factors in the rat hippocampus. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase 1 (Arg1), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and total STAT3 (t-STAT3). The results showed that, compared with stress group, stress + exercise group exhibited improved depression-like behavior, decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 levels, increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels, down-regulated Iba-1 and iNOS protein expression levels, up-regulated Arg1 protein expression level, and decreased p-STAT3/t-STAT3 ratio in hippocampal tissue. LPS reversed the improving effect of voluntary wheel running exercise on depression-like behavior in rats, and the over-expression of STAT3 reversed the promoting effects of voluntary wheel running on M2 polarization of microglial cells in rat hippocampus and depression-like behavior. These results suggest that voluntary wheel running ameliorates the depression-like behavior induced by CWIRS in rats, and the mechanism may be related to regulating hippocampal microglia polarization via STAT3 signaling pathway.

Coastal marshes have a significant capacity to sequester carbon; however, sea-level rise (SLR) is expected to result in prolonged flooding and saltwater intrusion in coastal regions. To explore the effects of SLR projections on net CO 2 uptake in coastal marshes, we conducted a "double-check" investigation, including the eddy covariance (EC) measurements of the CO 2 fluxes in subtropical coastal marshes along inundation and salinity gradients, in combination with a mesocosm experiment for analyzing CO 2 flux components under waterlogging and increased salinity conditions. During the same measurement periods, the net ecosystem CO 2 exchange (NEE EC based on the EC dataset) in an oligohaline marsh was higher than that in a low-elevation mesohaline marsh, whereas the NEE EC was lower than that in a high-elevation freshwater marsh. The declines in NEE EC between the marshes could be attributed to a greater decrease in gross primary production relative to ecosystem respiration. Waterlogging slightly increased the NEE ms (NEE based on the mesocosms) because of inhibited soil respiration and slight changes in plant photosynthesis and shoot respiration. However, the NEE ms measured during the drainage period decreased significantly due to the stimulated soil respiration. The NEE ms decreased with increasing salinity (except under mild salinity), and waterlogging exacerbated the adverse impacts of salinity. The amplificatory effect of decreases in both leaf photosynthesis and growth under hydrological stresses contributed more to reduce the NEE ms than to respiratory effluxes. Both waterlogging and increased salinity reduced the root biomass, soil microbial biomass, and activities of assayed soil enzymes (except for cellulase under waterlogging conditions), leading to limited soil respiration. The declines in plant growth, photosynthesis, and soil respiration could also be attributed to the decrease in soil nutrients under waterlogging and increased salinity conditions. We propose that the coupling of SLR-driven hydrological effects lowers the capacity of CO 2 uptake in subtropical coastal marshes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation of paired "Baihui" (GV 20)+ "Shenmen" (HT 7), GV 20+ "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6), and GV 20+ non-acupoint on expression of melatonine (MT) and suprachiasmatic melatonin receptor 1 (MT 1 ) and melatonin receptor 2 (MT 2 ) mRNAs in insomnia rats, so as to explore their action difference and the underlying mechanism in improving insomnia., Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( n =12), mo-del ( n =8), GV 20+HT 7( n =12), GV 20+SP 6( n =11), and GV 20+ non-acupoint ( n =10) groups. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Para-chlorophenylalanine suspension (50 mg/mL, 50 mg/100 g), once daily for 2 days. The abovementioned acupoints GV 20, bilateral HT 7, SP 6 and non-acupoints (the midpoint between the elbow-tip and armpit on the medial side of the upper-arm) were punctured with filiform needles and manipulated by rotating the needle for about 1 min which was repeated once again every 10 min during 30 minutes' needle-retaining. The treatment was conducted once daily for 7 days. The expression levels of MT immunoactivity in the conarium tissue, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region were detected using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence quantitative real time-PCR, respectively., Results: After modeling, the expression levels of pineal MT (an increase of gray value means a decrease of immunoactivity), SCN MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs were notably down-regulated in the model group relevant to the normal control group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). Following the treatment, the down-regulated expression levels of MT protein, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs were obviously reversed in the GV 20 + HT 7, GV 20 + SP 6 groups relevant to the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The therapeutic effect of GV 20+ HT 7 was superior to that of GV 20+ non-acupoint in up-regulating the expression of MT 1 mRNA ( P <0.01), and markedly superior to that of GV 20+ SP 6 and GV 20+ non-acupoint in increasing the sleep duration and in up-regulating the expression of MT 2 mRNA ( P <0.01). No significant differences were found among the 3 treatment groups in up-regulating the expression of MT ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Manual acupuncture stimulation of GV 20+ HT 7 and GV 20+ SP 6 can improve the sleep disorder in insomnia rats, which may be related to its effects in increasing the levels of pineal MT protein, and MT 1 and MT 2 mRNAs in hypothalamic SCN.

Objective: To observe the effect of herbal cake-separated moxibustion on blood lipid-apoprotein levels and the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR 2), TLR 4 and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) mRNAs in atherosclerotic (AS) vulnerable plaques of hyperglycemia rabbits, so as to explore its mechanism underlying improvement of atherosclerosis., Methods: Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, model, direct moxibustion, herbal-cake-separated moxibustion and medication groups( n ＝12 rabbits in each group). The AS vulnerable plaque model was established by high-fat forage feeding plus balloon-induced abdominal aorta injury and gene transfection of Ad 5-p 53 recombinant vector. Direct moxibustion or herbal-cake-separated moxibustion was applied to "Juque" (CV 14) and bilateral "Tianshu" (ST 25), "Fenglong" (ST 40), or bilateral "Xinshu" (BL 15), "Pishu" (BL 20) and "Ganshu" (BL 18) for 15－20 min every time. The medication group was treated by feeding Atorvastatin. All the treatments were conducted once daily for 8 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceri-de(TG) contents were detected by enzyme method, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) contents detected by colorimetric determination, and plasma apolipoprotein A(Apo-A) and apolipoprotein B(Apo-B) levels determined by electrophoretic method. The pathological changes of vulnerable plaque and the aortic intima and media thickness were observed under light microscope after H．E. staining. The expression levels of TLR 2, TLR 4 and NF-κB mRNAs in AS plaques were determined by quantitative real-time PCR., Results: After modeling, the levels of plasma TC, TG, LDL and Apo-B in the model group were remarkably increased ( P <0.01), and Apo-A and HDL/LDL were significantly decreased in comparison with the control group ( P <0.01). Additionally, the aortic intima and media thickness and the expression levels of TLR 2, TLR 4 and NF-κB mRNAs in AS plaques were significantly increased ( P <0.01). After the treatment, the elevated levels of plasma TC, TG, LDL and Apo-B, the aortic intima thickness and media thickness, and the expression levels of TLR 2, TLR 4 and NF-κB mRNAs in the 3 treatment groups were significantly down-regulated in comparison with the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01), while the decreased levels of Apo-A and HDL/LDL were considerably increased ( P <0.01). Comparison among the 3 treatment groups showed that the therapeutic effects of the herbal-cake-separated moxibustion and medication were significantly superior to those of the direct moxibustion in down-regulating the levels of TC, TG, LDL, Apo-B, TLR 2 mRNA, TLR 4 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA, and reducing the thickness of the aortic intima and media, as well as in up-regulating the levels of Apo-A and HDL/LDL ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the herbal-cake-separated moxibustion and medication groups in the above-mentioned indexes ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Herbal-cake-separated moxibustion has a positive role in stabilizing AS vulnerable plaque in hyperglycemia rabbits, which may be associated with its effects in regulating blood lipid-apolipoprotein levels and inhibiting the expression of TLR 2, TLR 4 and NF-κB mRNAs in vulnerable plaques.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis with normal or abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings via a comparative analysis., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 33 children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The clinical features and prognosis were compared between the children with normal and abnormal cranial MRI findings., Results: In the 33 children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis, the most common initial symptoms were seizures (61%) and involuntary movement (61%), followed by language disorder (54%), mental and behavioral abnormalities (52%), and disturbance of consciousness (30%). All children had positive anti-NMDAR antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid, and 29 children (88%) had positive serum antibody. Of all the children, 15 (46%) had increased leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, 3 (9%) had an increase in protein, and 29 (88%) had positive oligoclonal band; 26 children (79%) had electroencephalographic abnormalities (epileptic wave, slow wave, or a combination of these two types of waves). One child experienced respiratory failure. One child was found to have germinoma in the sellar region during follow-up. Of all the 33 children, 13 (39%) had abnormal cranial MRI findings, with hypointensity or isointensity on T1W1 and hyperintensity on T2WI and T2-FLAIR; 2 children had dural enhancement. As for the location of lesion, 5 children (38%) had lesions in the temporal lobe, 3 (23%) in the frontal lobe, 3 (23%) in the basal ganglia, 2 (15%) in the parietal lobe, 2 (15%) in the occipital lobe, 2 (15%) in the brainstem, 1 (8%) in the thalamus, and 1 (8%) in the cerebellum. Among the 13 children with abnormal cranial MRI findings, 5 (38%) had lesions mainly in the grey matter and 8 (62%) had lesions mainly in the white matter. Compared with the children with normal cranial MRI findings, the children with abnormal cranial MRI findings had significantly higher proportion of children with prodromal infection, incidence rate of disturbance of consciousness, probability of recurrence, Glasgow score, incidence rate of increased leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid, and application rate of second-line treatment (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Children with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and abnormal cranial MRI findings have certain clinical features, which may provide guidance for the evaluation of disease conditions and the selection of diagnostic and treatment measures.

Objective: To observe the effect of manual acupuncture stimulation (MAS) of "Baihui"(GV 20)-"Shenmen"(HT 7)or GV 20-"Sanyinjiao"(SP 6) on sleep and expression of circadian rhythm genes ( Clock and Bmal 1) in the hypothalamus in insomnia rats, so as to select a better acupoint group for insomnia., Methods: A total of 53 SD rats were randomly divided into normal control ( n =12),insomnia model ( n =8), GV 20-HT 7( n =12), GV 20-SP 6( n =11),and GV 20-non-acupoint ( n =10) groups. The insomnia model was established by intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA,500 mg/kg,100 mg/mL) once daily for 2 days. The MAS (uniform reinforcing-reducing needling) was applied to GV 20-HT 7, GV 20-SP 6 or GV 20-non-acupoint for 30 min,once daily for 7 days. The sleep onset latency and sleep duration were gauged after intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg). The expression levels of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in the hypothalamic tissues containing ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) region were detected by fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR., Results: Following administration of pentobarbital sodium,the sleep latency was significantly prolonged and the sleep duration was considerably shortened in rats of the model group( P <0.05). After the treatment, the increased sleep latencies in the GV 20-HT 7, GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoints were all significantly down-regulated ( P <0.05), and the decreased sleep duration was significantly increased only in the GV 20-HT 7 group relevant to the model group ( P <0.05), but not in the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint groups ( P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the sleep latency among the 3 treatment groups ( P <0.05). The sleep duration was obviously prolonged in the GV 20-HT 7 group than in the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint groups ( P <0.05). After modeling, the expression levels of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in hypothalamic VLPO and SCN regions were significantly down-regulated relevant to the normal control group ( P <0.01). Following the treatment, the expression levels of Clock mRNA in the VLPO and SCN regions of the GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-HT 7 groups, and those of Bmal 1 mRNA in the VLPO and SCN regions of the 3 treatment groups were considerably increased relevant to the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01). The effects of GV 20-HT 7 were significantly superior to those of GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint (and also the action of GV 20-SP 6 was evidently superior to that of GV 20-non-acupoint) in up-regulating the expression of Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in both VLPO and SCN regions ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusions: Manual acupuncture stimulation of GV 20-HT 7 can improve the sleep latency and duration in insomnia rats,which may be associated with its effects in up-regulating the expression levels of circadian Clock mRNA and Bmal 1 mRNA in hypothalamic VLPO and SCN regions, and the efficacy of GV 20-HT 7 is obviously better than that of GV 20-SP 6 and GV 20-non-acupoint.

We analyzed the differentiation among the environmental factors and soil organic/inorganic carbon contents of irrigated desert soil, brown desert soil, saline soil and aeolian sandy soil by classical statistics methods, and studied the correlation between soil carbon contents and the environmental factor by redundancy analysis (RDA) in a typical oasis of Yutian in the southern edge of the Tarim Basin. The results showed that the average contents of soil organic carbon and soil inorganic carbon were 2.51 g · kg⁻¹ and 25.63 g · kg⁻¹ respectively. The soil organic carbon content of the irrigated desert soil was significantly higher than those of brown desert soil, saline soil and aeolian sandy soil, while the inorganic carbon content of aeolian sandy soil was significantly higher than those of other soil types. The soil moisture and nutrient content were the highest in the irrigated desert soil and the lowest in the aeolian sandy sail. All soil types had high degree of salinization except the irrigated desert soil. The RDA results showed that the impacts of environmental factors on soil carbon contents ranked in order of importance were total nitrogen > available phosphorus > soil moisture > ground water depth > available potassium > pH > total salt. The soil carbon contents correlated extremely significantly with total nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil moisture and ground water depth (P < 0.01), and it correlated significantly with available potassium and pH (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between soil carbon contents and other environmental factors (P > 0.05).

Objective: To explore the effects of receptor interacting protein (RIP) 140 gene overexpression upon the in vitro proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of microglioma cells., Methods: The BV-2 RIP140 overexpression model (BV-2-1) was constructed by Lipofection and G418 selection, then validated by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration potencies were compared between BV-2-1 and its parents by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry and Transwell chamber., Results: The BV-2-1 model was successfully constructed. Compared to those of the BV-2 group, the RIP140 mRNA and protein expression levels of BV-2-1 were markedly higher than those of the BV-2 group (t = 49.794, P < 0.01). MTT assay showed that the absorbance values in the BV-2 group were 1.157 ± 0.013, 1.679 ± 0.005 and 2.609 ± 0.008 at 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. And those were 0.929 ± 0.013, 1.188 ± 0.008 and 1.528 ± 0.012 in the BV-2-1 group respectively. The proliferation at the time points of 48 and 72 hours of the BV-2-1 group were significantly lower than that of the BV-2 group (t = 6.058 and 9.245, both P < 0.01). Annexin-V staining showed that there were significant differences in the apoptosis rates between the BV-2 and BV-2-1 cells [(5.35 ± 0.23)% vs (3.46 ± 0.45)%, t = 6.619, P = 0.003)]. Transwell assay showed that the invaded cell number of the BV-2-1 group was 166 ± 43. And it was obviously higher than that of the BV-2 group (93 ± 32, t = 3.403, P = 0.007). Transwell assay also showed that the migrated cell number of BV-2 cells was 101 ± 25. And the migration potency of the BV-2-1 group (202 ± 50) was significantly stronger than that of the BV-2 group (t = 4.104, P = 0.002)., Conclusion: RIP140 effectively inhibits the proliferation and facilitates the apoptosis of microglioma cells. And it may effectively facilitate the in vitro invasion and migration of microglioma cells.

Aim: To investigate the inhibitory effect of rabbit lens epithelial cell (RLEC) survival and growth by propylene glycol mannate sulfate (PGMS) on the rabbit capsular bag in vitro., Methods: Capsular bags were prepared from rabbit eyes after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and incubated in 0.2, 0.4, 0.8g/L PGMS in 2, 5, 10 minutes incubation periods. After treatment, the capsular bags were cultured for 7 days in Dulbecco minimum essential medium (DMEM) supplemented with 50mL/L fetal calf serum (FCS). The specimens were examined with light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Capsular bags without receiving PGMS only served as controls., Results: PGMS inhibited the proliferation of RLEC in the manner of concentration and time dependent. At the threshold protocol of incubation in PGMS at 0.8g/L for 5 or 10 minutes, proliferative activity of cells were largely arrested and nearly no RLEC was seen on the posterior capsule (P<0.05). Control group had no effect on structure and proliferative activity of RLEC, and the growth proceeded rapidly so that the posterior capsule were totally covered by a confluent monolayer of cell by the end of 7 days. Under TEM, the cells in the control group were tightly arrayed with clearly defined cellular boundary and structure; while cellular deformity and undefined intracellular structure could be seen in the 0.4g/L and 0.8g/L experimental groups., Conclusion: PGMS can effectively inhibit the proliferation of RLEC.