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The quasiparticle effective mass $m^\ast$ of interacting electrons is a fundamental quantity in the Fermi liquid theory. However, the precise value of the effective mass of uniform electron gas is still elusive after decades of research. The newly developed neural canonical transformation approach [Xie et al., J. Mach. Learn. 1, (2022)] offers a principled way to extract the effective mass of electron gas by directly calculating the thermal entropy at low temperature. The approach models a variational many-electron density matrix using two generative neural networks: an autoregressive model for momentum occupation and a normalizing flow for electron coordinates. Our calculation reveals a suppression of effective mass in the two-dimensional spin-polarized electron gas, which is more pronounced than previous reports in the low-density strong-coupling region. This prediction calls for verification in two-dimensional electron gas experiments.

Metallene is considered as an emerging family of electrocatalysts due to its atomically layered structure and unique surface stress. Here we propose a strategy to modulate the Bader charge transfer (BCT) between Pd surface and oxygenated intermediates via p‐d electronic interaction by introducing single‐atom p‐block metal (M=In, Sn, Pb, Bi) into Pd metallene nanosheets towards efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). X‐ray absorption and photoelectron spectroscopy suggests that doping p‐block metals could facilitate electron transfer to Pd sites and thus downshift the d‐band center of Pd and weaken the adsorption energy of O intermediates. Among them, the developed Bi−Pd metallene shows extraordinarily high ORR mass activity of 11.34 A mgPd−1 and 0.86 A mgPd−1 at 0.9 V and 0.95 V in alkaline solution, respectively, representing the best Pd‐based ORR electrocatalysts ever reported. In the cathode of a Zinc‐air battery, Bi−Pd metallene could achieve an open‐circuit voltage of 1.546 V and keep stable for 760 h at 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations suggest that the BCT between Pd surface and *OO intermediates greatly affects the bond length between them (dPd‐*OO) and Bi doping could appropriately reduce the amount of BCT and stretch the dPd‐*OO, thus enhancing the ORR activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock (CS) is the most critical complication after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with mortality above 50%. Both blood urea nitrogen and left ventricular ejection fraction were important prognostic indicators. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of admission blood urea nitrogen to left ventricular ejection fraction ratio (BUNLVEFr) in patients with AMI complicated by CS (AMI-CS). Methods: 268 consecutive patients with AMI-CS were divided into two groups according to the admission BUNLVEFr cut-off value determined by Youden index. The primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality and the secondary endpoint was the composite events of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Cox proportional hazard models were performed to analyze the association of BUNLVEFr with the outcome. Results: The optimal cut-off value of BUNLVEFr is 16.63. The 30-day all-cause mortality and MACEs in patients with BUNLVEFr≥16.63 was significantly higher than in patients with BUNLVEFr<16.63 (30-day all-cause mortality: 66.2% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.001; 30-day MACEs: 80.0% vs. 48.0%, p < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, BUNLVEFr≥16.63 remained an independent predictor for higher risk of 30-day all-cause mortality (HR = 3.553, 95% CI: 2.125–5.941, p < 0.001) and MACEs (HR = 2.026, 95% CI: 1.456–2.820, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses found that the effect of BUNLVEFr was consistent in different subgroups (all p-interaction>0.05). Conclusion: The admission BUNLVEFr provided important prognostic information for AMI-CS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have demonstrated a close correlation between MicroRNA and the occurrence of aortic dissection (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship have not been fully elucidated and further exploration is still required. In this study, we found that miR‐485‐3p was significantly upregulated in human aortic dissection tissues. Meanwhile, we constructed in vitro AD models in HAVSMCs, HAECs and HAFs and found that the expression of miR‐485‐3p was increased only in HAVSMCs. Overexpression or knockdown of miR‐485‐3p in HAVSMCs could regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL1β, IL6, TNF‐α, and NLRP3, as well as the expression of apoptosis‐related proteins BAX/BCL2 and Cleaved caspase3/Caspase3. In the in vivo AD model, we have observed that miR‐485‐3p regulates vascular inflammation and apoptosis, thereby participating in the modulation of AD development in mice. Based on target gene prediction, we have validated that SIRT1 is a downstream target gene of miR‐485‐3p. Furthermore, by administering SIRT1 agonists and inhibitors to mice, we observed that the activation of SIRT1 alleviates vascular inflammation and apoptosis, subsequently reducing the incidence of AD. Additionally, functional reversal experiments revealed that overexpression of SIRT1 in HAVSMCs could reverse the cell inflammation and apoptosis mediated by miR‐485‐3p. Therefore, our research suggests that miR‐485‐3p can aggravate inflammation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells by suppressing the expression of SIRT1, thereby promoting the progression of aortic dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between post-implantation syndrome (PIS) and long-term prognosis in patients with Stanford type B aortic dissection (TBAD) undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This retrospective study included 547 consecutive patients diagnosed with TBAD who underwent TEVAR at our institution between January 2014 and December 2019. Patients were categorized into two groups: the PIS group (patients with post-TEVAR PIS) and the non-PIS group (patients without post-TEVAR PIS). In-hospital and follow-up data were analyzed. The incidence of PIS was 28.9% (158/547 patients). No baseline differences were observed between the PIS (n = 158) and the non-PIS (n = 389) groups. The proportion of emergency surgery in the PIS group was higher than that in the non-PIS group (44.9% vs 26.0%; P <.001), the operation time was longer (median, 65.0; interquartile range [IQR], 56.0-75.0 minutes vs 56.0; IQR, 45.0-66.0 minutes; P <.001), the volume of contrast medium used (median, 65.0; IQR, 56.0-75.0 mL vs 56.0; IQR, 45.0-66.0 mL; P <.001), and the average number of trunk stents (1.85 ± 0.4 vs 1.34 ± 0.5 pieces; P <.001) and branch stents (0.7 ± 0.7 vs 0.2 ± 0.5 pieces; P <.001) used were more in the PIS group than in the non-PIS group. The incidence of supra-aortic branch procedures was higher in the PIS group than in the non-PIS group. There was no significant difference in device-related complications (DRCs) or 30-day mortality between the two groups (2.5% vs 4.4%; P =.442 and 1.3% vs 1.3%; P =.688, respectively). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that emergency surgery, number of trunk stents >1, operation time >58.5 minutes, and contrast medium volume >75 mL were risk factors for PIS, and the odds ratios of emergency operation, number of trunk stents >1 piece, operation time >58.5 minutes, and contrast medium volume >75 mL were 2.526 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.530-4.173), 4.651 (95% CI, 2.838-7.624), 3.577 (95% CI, 2.201-5.815), and 7.356 (95% CI, 4.111-13.160), respectively. Follow-up was completed in 98.5% (532/540) of the patients, with a median follow-up of 67 months (IQR, 50-86 months). There was no significant difference in survival between the PIS and non-PIS groups (12.4% vs 10.3%; P =.476) during follow-up. The incidences of DRCs (7.8% vs 11.6%; P =.200) and aortic false lumen thrombosis (75.8% vs 79.2%; P =.399) were comparable between the PIS and non-PIS groups. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that PIS had no effect on long-term follow-up mortality, DRCs, entry flow, or aortic false lumen thrombosis rate. PIS is relatively common after TEVAR and emergency surgery; number of trunk stents >1, operation time >58.5 minutes, and contrast medium volume >75 mL are of high predictive value for the assessment of PIS after TEVAR. However, PIS had little effect on early and late postoperative mortality or DRCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]