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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection results in a serious disease, posing a huge economic threat to the global swine industry. The transient receptor potential mucolipin proteins (TRPMLs) have been shown to be strongly associated with virus infection and other physiological processes in humans, but their tissue distribution and responses to PRRSV in pigs remain unknown.

The utilization of photocatalysis for the reduction of highly toxic Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) presents a cost-effective and sustainable green approach. It is crucial to design and produce efficient, stable, and recyclable photocatalysts for the photoreduction of Cr(VI). In this study, thiophene units were successfully incorporated into organic molecular sieves via a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction, resulting in two thiophene-based OMSs (TP-OMS1 and TP-OMS2). The experiments showed that both TP-OMSs could efficiently convert Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under visible light without sacrificial agents or pH adjustment. Compared with TP-OMS2, TP-OMS1 exhibited higher reduction efficiency (TP-OMS1 > 99%, TP-OMS2 > 94% after 2 h). Even at a concentration of 100 mg L−1 of Cr(VI), 5 mg of TP-OMS1 can still effectively catalyze the photoreduction within 4 h. TP-OMS1 exhibits exceptional stability and recyclability, and can be reused for at least 8 runs without significant loss in activity or structural integrity. Therefore, incorporating thiophene into TP-OMSs can enhance their photocatalytic performance for the Cr(VI) reduction, facilitating the removal of toxic pollutants. The mechanism of porous catalysis has also been thoroughly investigated here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports a new species and a new record of Proctolaelaps. Proctolaelaps taiyuanensissp. nov. was found on the body surface of Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytinae); Proctolaelaps bickleyi (Bram) was collected from the culture medium of lab-raised Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). An identification key to the species of Proctolaelaps from China is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the stability changes of aeronautical ad hoc network (AANET) caused by node failure affecting reaction effectively, an AANET node failure analysis method was proposed. Firstly, the model of business-entity asymmetric dependent network was established based on the characteristics of AANET. Secondly, an improved failure traffic redistribution algorithm was designed to obtain the affected node set. Finally, the AANET affecting impact value was calculated according to the node weight, then the affecting impact degree was determined. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better accuracy in the failure affecting impact analysis of AANET.

ABSTRACT Heading date of rice (Oryza sativa) is a key factor determining rice production and regional adaptability. We analysed the molecular mechanism of OsPIL15, encoding phytochrome‐interacting factor‐like protein, in delaying rice heading date. Overexpression of OsPIL15 delayed rice heading date by upregulating Hd1 and inhibiting Hd3a and RFT1 expression. OsLF, encoding one rice heading repressor, was found to be the putative candidate regulated by OsPIL15 through a chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing assay and a transcriptome sequencing assay. OsPIL15 could directly bind to the OsLF promoter and activated its expression. Knocking‐out OsLF in OsPIL15‐overexpressing lines resulted in flowering 2–3 days earlier, partially rescuing the delayed phenotype. This indicates that overexpression of OsPIL15 overexpression delays heading date partially through OsLF. Protein–protein interaction assay of OsPIL15 or OsPIL15‐∆APB (OsPIL15 lacking the active phytochrome B [phyB]‐binding [APB] motif) with PHYB showed that the APB motif was required for the interaction between OsPIL15 and PHYB. Furthermore, overexpression of either OsPIL15‐∆APB in the wild type or OsPIL15 in the phyB mutant did not delay rice heading date under natural long‐day conditions, suggesting that phyB influences OsPIL15‐mediated delay in rice heading date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the limitations of traditional fuzzing approaches that rely on static mutators and fail to dynamically adjust their test case mutations for deeper testing, resulting in the inability to generate targeted inputs to trigger vulnerabilities, this paper proposes a directed fuzzing methodology termed DocFuzz, which is predicated on a feedback mechanism mutator. Initially, a sanitizer is used to target the source code of the tested program and stake in code blocks that may have vulnerabilities. After this, a taint tracking module is used to associate the target code block with the bytes in the test case, forming a high‐value byte set. Then, the reinforcement learning mutator of DocFuzz is used to mutate the high‐value byte set, generating well‐structured inputs that can cover the target code blocks. Finally, utilizing the feedback mechanism of DocFuzz, when the reinforcement learning mutator converges and ceases to optimize, the fuzzer is rebooted to continue mutating toward directions that are more likely to trigger vulnerabilities. Comparative experiments are conducted on multiple test sets, including LAVA‐M, and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DocFuzz methodology surpasses other fuzzing techniques, offering a more precise, rapid, and effective means of detecting vulnerabilities in source code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The frequent and irrational use of antibiotics by humans has led to the escalating rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) with a high rate of morbidity-mortality worldwide, which poses a challenge to the development of effective treatments. A large number of host defense peptides from different organisms have gained interest due to their broad antibacterial spectrum, rapid action, and low target resistance, implying that these natural sources might be a new alternative to antimicrobial drugs. As important effectors of prey capture, defense against other animal attacks, and competitor deterrence, scorpion venoms have been developed as important candidate sources for modern drug development. With the rapid progress of bioanalytical and high throughput sequencing techniques, more and more scorpion-venom-derived peptides, including disulfide-bridged peptides (DBPs) and non-disulfide-bridged peptides (NDBPs), have been recently identified as having massive pharmacological activities in channelopathies, pathogen infections, and cancer treatments. In this review, we summarize the molecular diversity and corresponding structural classification of scorpion venom peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, and/or antiparasitic activity. We also aim to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which scorpion-venom-derived peptides exert these antimicrobial functions, and finally highlight their key aspects and prospects for antimicrobial therapeutic or pharmaceutical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D materials have garnered considerable interest in various applications from catalysis to energy storage. However, the self‐stacking and poor air stability of 2D materials (e.g., MXene) leads to serious performance degradation, in particular, of micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) with narrow working voltage and low energy density. Here, a universal confined interfacial assembly strategy is demonstrated for controllably synthesizing a series of 2D mesoporous heterostructures for high‐voltage and high‐energy ionogel‐based MSCs. This assembly process reveals accurate controllability and extraordinary versatility, endowing the 2D mesoporous heterostructures with highly adjustable mesopore size (7–22 nm), tunable thickness (15–29 nm), variable carbon precursors (including oligochitosan, glucose, and sucrose), and replaceable 2D substrates (e.g., MXene, graphene, BN, and MoS2). As a proof of concept, the 2D mesoporous carbon@MXene based MSCs with ionic liquid ionogel electrolyte deliver ultrahigh voltage of 3.7 V, superior areal energy density of 181.3 µWh cm−2, excellent flexibility with 99% of capacitance retention at 180°, and excellent modular self‐integration for variable voltage/capacitance output, surpassing most reported MXene based MSCs. Therefore, this work will open a novel available paradigm for scalable fabrication of 2D mesoporous materials to target high‐performance and functional microscale power source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]