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Women with substance use disorders (SUDs) are more inclined to use drugs and relapse for regulating emotions compared to men. This study aimed to explore the effects of group music and imagery in alleviating anxiety, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, and craving for women with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) in a compulsory rehabilitation context. A total of 90 women with MUD were randomly assigned to the music therapy treatment arm (n = 45) or control treatment arm (n = 45). Participants in the music therapy treatment arm received 12 biweekly sessions of group music and imagery (GrpMI) and those in the control treatment arm received 6 weeks of usual care. Anxiety, depression, emotion regulation difficulties, and craving were assessed at pre-test and post-test. After the intervention, participants in the GrpMI group reported significantly greater improvements than those in the control group for state anxiety (F = 6.27; p =.02; Partial η2 =.13), trait anxiety (F = 4.49; p =.04; Partial η2 =.09), depression (F = 5.48; p =.02; Partial η2 =.11), and craving (F = 4.53; p =.04; Partial η2 =.09). There was no significant difference between groups in emotion regulation difficulties (F =.95, p =.34, Partial η2 =.09). GrpMI significantly decreased depression, anxiety, and craving for women with MUD. Emotion regulation ability may need a longer period of treatment for significant improvement. Future studies could add long-term follow-up and compare the effects of group music therapy in women versus men with SUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last few decades, sulfonated carbon materials have garnered significant attention as Brønsted solid acid catalysts. The sulfonation process and catalytic activity of sulfonated biochar can be influenced by the aromaticity and degree of condensation exhibited by biochar. However, the relationships between the aromaticity, sulfonating ability, and resultant catalytic activity are not fully understood. In this study, biochar samples pyrolyzed at 300–650 °C exhibiting different aromaticity and degrees of condensation were sulfonated and employed as sulfonate-bearing solid catalysts for hydrolytically removing tylosin. They exhibited excellent hydrolytic performance and their kinetic constants were positively correlated with the total acidity and negatively correlated with their aromaticity. This study has uncovered the relationship between the structure, properties, sulfonating ability, and subsequent hydrolytic performance of biochar samples. It was observed that the aromaticity of biochar decreased as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Lower pyrolysis temperatures resulted in a reduced degree of condensation, smaller ring size, and an increased number of ring edge sites available for sulfonation, ultimately leading to enhanced catalytic performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the fundamental chemistry behind sulfonation upgrading of biochar, with the aim of developing functional catalysts for mitigating antibiotics in contaminated water. Highlights: Effects of aromatic, condensation and topology of condensed ring in biochar on their sulfonation ability were revealed The total acidity of sulfonated biochar was positively correlated with its hydrolytic ability for tolysin mitigation Low aromaticity, low degree of condensation and abundant edge sites led to high acidity and enhanced catalytic ability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based solid acids have been successfully employed as acidic catalysts for pollutant mitigation in wastewater. To fully tap the potentials of commercially viable carbons for the preparation of solid acids and enhance their catalytic performances is a challenging problem. In this work, three commercialized carbons including biochar, activated carbon and graphite were preprocessed (ball-milling, Hummer exfoliation, HNO3 soaking, and microwave heating in HNO3, etc.), sulfonated, and evaluated as solid-acid catalysts for tylosin mitigation. Graphite-originated solid acid performed the best through a balling-milling preprocess, while biochar-originated solid acids behaved well under all preprocessing treatments, in which 40 mg L−1 of tylosin was mitigated within 8 min by 1 g L−1 of biochar-originated solid acids. The biochar solid acid through the ball-milling preprocess presented high total acidity and large amounts of –SO3H groups, due to dramatically increased surface area and the rise of activation groups (hydroxyl, alkyl and alkoxy groups, etc.) facilitating electrophilic reaction. In addition, decreased particle size and aromaticity and increased structural defects also contributed. Theoretical calculation of average local ionization energy (ALIE) of condensed aromatic model molecules with substituted activation groups confirmed the promoting effects on sulfonation from strong to weak were 8.40–9.06 eV. These findings have deepened the knowledge in tuning carbon surface chemistry for better sulfonation, thus strengthening catalytic degradation of tylosin. The value of this study is in pulling a clear thread for maneuvering solid-acid catalysts using carbons, which holds a novel promise for rationally functionalizing biochar-based catalysts for the remediation of macrolide antibiotics in polluted water. Highlights: The cooperative effects of the properties and four preprocesses on sulfonation of three carbon materials were revealed. Ball milling increases surface area, structural defects and activation groups thus facilitating sulfonation electrophilic reaction. Activation groups facilitating electrophilic substitution enhanced the reactivity of sulfonation for ball-milled biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying the development trends of emerging technologies with disruptive potential as early as possible is crucial for enterprise research and development (R&D) investment planning and government R&D strategic planning. Many researchers have used academic papers and patent data to identify trends in emerging technologies, although they rarely have made use of web news data focused on emerging technologies. Web news contains a large amount of social awareness data that represents the public's sense of and response to emerging technologies, and the social awareness data is of great significance for identifying the development trends of emerging technologies. Therefore, this article presented a research framework to identify the development trends of emerging technologies using patent analysis and web news data mining. In the research framework, first, we have used patent analysis to analyze the evolution topics of these emerging technologies, and have applied the topic model to study the changing patterns of publics’ topics of concern regarding emerging technologies contained in web news. Second, we have made a comparison analysis of the results of patent analysis and the public’ sense of and response to emerging technologies contained in web news. Then, we have applied an improved sentiment analysis to study the changing patterns of publics’ expectations for emerging technologies contained in web news. Finally, by studying the changes in publics’ topics of concern and publics’ expectations for emerging technologies over time, we have identified the development trends of emerging technologies. The perovskite solar cells technology is used as a case study to analyze the effectiveness and feasibility of the framework. This article provides a new research perspective to identify technology trends, and contribute to the technology forecasting methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have shown that uric acid (UA) is a powerful water-soluble antioxidant and free radical scavenger for humans. However, the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is still controversial. To address this challenge, we aimed to explore the association between serum UA and HT in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with anterior circulation AIS who underwent IVT at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2016 to 2021. HT was evaluated by CT or MRI within 7 days after admission. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were compared between the HT and non-HT groups, and between different types of HT groups which were documented according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study III Classification (ECASS III). Results: A total of 727 AIS patients were enrolled, including 112 patients who experienced HT (HT group) and 615 patients who did not experience HT (non-HT group). Patients with HT had significantly lower UA levels compared to those without HT (253.65 ± 97.75 vs 315.97 ± 96.42, p < 0.001); however, there was no significant difference for UA levels in different types of HT (p = 0.907). After adjusting confounders, patients in the fourth UA quartile showed a significant decrease in HT compared with those in the first quartile (OR 0.266, 95% CI 0.107–0.661, p = 0.006). The best cutoff value was identified as 218.5 μmol/L after analysis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that low levels of UA may be associated with HT after IVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new hybrid material with highly dispersed Pd NPs supported onto the Fh was prepared. • A synergistic effect between Pd nanocatalyst and Fh support was demonstrated. • Fh facilitated the adsorption of chlorophenol on the material via hydrogen bonding. • Fh as electron mediator promoted electron transfer in the dehalogenation process. • Catalyst activity was due to the dispersed Pd NPs and its electron-rich nature. Organic chlorides are a group of ubiquitous environmental pollutants that have attracted wide attention because of their carcinogenetic effect on human. Catalytic hydrodechlorination represents one of the most promising methods for the removal of these contaminants, but it suffers from drawbacks such as catalytic inefficiency and/or instability, and the danger of using H 2 as hydrogen source. The relationship between the catalyst structure and its dehalogenation activity has not been completely understood. By combining the advantages of Pd nanocatalyst and mesoporous ferrihydrite (Fh) with its distinctive structure, here we present a new composite material with Pd nanoparticles (NPs) supported onto the Fh (Pd/Fh), which has excellent catalytic dehalogenation performance with a rapid, complete dechlorination of chlorophenol (turnover frequency 25.2 min−1) and the ability to perform well over a wide range of pH and temperature. The superior catalytic property of Pd/Fh can be attributed to the three unique functions of Fh, including: 1) having abundant hydroxyl groups that provide interaction sites with metals for incorporating highly dispersed small Pd NPs; 2) facilitating the fast adsorption of chlorophenol onto the catalyst surface via hydrogen bonding and importantly, 3) working as an electron mediator to greatly enhance the electron transfer from iron or chemicals (e.g., NaBH 4) to the catalyst, thereby achieving a synergistic effect between Pd catalyst and support, and an enhanced dechlorination activity. In essence, this work presents a promising catalyst for the efficient dehalogenation of chlorinated environmental pollutants and provides an insight into the relationship between catalyst structure and dehalogenation activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the global regularity of 3D magneto-micropolar equations. Based on some new observation of the nonlinear structure and a priori sharp estimates, we examine the global existence of smooth solutions for the system with the minimal amount of dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the Cauchy problem for the two‐dimensional incompressible Oldroyd‐B model in the corotational case with fractional dissipation (−Δ)αu$(-\Delta)^{\alpha } u$ and (−Δ)βτ$(-\Delta)^{\beta }\tau$, where 0<α,β<1$0<\alpha , \beta <1$. Our objective is to establish global regularity of the fractional Oldroyd‐B model with minimal amount of dissipation. The proof of the global regularity relies on the introduction of combined quantities, sharp lower bounds for the fractional dissipation, the De Giorgi‐Nash estimate and sharp upper bounds for the nonlinearities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal relation extraction aims to infer the temporal order of either two events in the document. Because of the nature of events in real life, severe imbalanced temporal relation classes exist in the temporal relation extraction task. Even though various methods have been proposed to improve the overall performance, the accuracy of these methods on minority temporal classes is limited. In this work, we present a contrastive prototypical learning architecture to address this problem, which explicitly models the spatial similarity between instances in the embedding space so that instances from minority classes can be distinguished from the large classes. To make it compatible with current temporal relation extraction settings, we propose a novel sampling memory queue-based method so that the architecture can be applied to a limited batch size scenario. We further design a context encoding layer that incorporates both contextualized information and linguistic features such as tense information and dependency. Our extensive experiments on TimeBank-Dense, TDDiscourse, and MATRES datasets demonstrate that our model can significantly improve the performance of minority relation classes and, therefore increase the overall learning ability. • A contrastive prototypical model in temporal relation extraction. • A memory queue method with two sample methods to track the support set of prototypes. • A document-graph context encoding layer to incorporate linguistic features. • The model improves the F1 of minority temporal classes compared to SOTA methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the information age, the way people obtain information has changed profoundly. The wave of informationization in higher education has also come with it, and the teaching mode, teaching content, and teaching form are constantly innovated. How to organically integrate information technology into education teaching in order to care for learners' learning experience and promote the cultivation of new talents is an issue that current educational technology researchers need to pay great attention to. This paper first builds a complete blended teaching model of public English for higher education, but its application effect needs to be further examined. This paper is an investigation in the background of the current era to build a blended teaching model. Based on the continuous development of the era, the ideology and application technology of this field will keep upgrading, so the teaching model also needs to be changed and updated according to the characteristics of the development of the era. The investigation of mixed teaching modes is not permanent. The investigation of the mixed teaching mode is not permanent. At present, only a few courses apply the blended teaching mode. On the basis of the continuous updating of teaching concepts and the latest technologies, it is foreseen that the focus of subsequent investigations will be on the individualized development of the blended teaching mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial allocation of volatile chemical products (VCPs) emissions is often inaccurate, which hampers the evaluation and improvement of models and the study of urban secondary pollution and exposure risk. This work developed a 1 km grid spatial allocation factors dataset based on the actual emission characteristics of each VCPs sector. For the industrial VCPs sector, we used industrial output per unit firm as the spatial allocation factors. For the non-industrial VCPs sector, we used specific datasets (e.g., GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for personal care products use, etc.) as the spatial allocation factors. Our work accounted for the high emission characteristics of industrial point sources and the dependence conditions of non-industrial VCPs use. Using this methodology, we developed a 1 km gridded emission inventory (denoted by Mo-E) of VCPs in the Pearl River Delta (PRD, Excluding Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) and Macau SAR) region in 2017. The results show that the non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions of VCPs in the PRD region in 2017 were 1046.7 Kt, with coatings (567.3 Kt) and personal care products (225.5 Kt) being the key sectors for emission control. Different cities in the PRD region have different VCPs control strategies. The industrial VCPs sector was the dominant VCPs emitter in high-emitting cities (64.9%–72.2%), while the non-industrial VCPs sector was the main contributor in low-emitting cities (43.3%–58.4%). More VCPs emissions were allocated to medium-population-density areas (37.6% higher than before) and within 3 km of the urban-rural fringe (41.4% higher than before), compared with the spatial characteristics of VCPs emissions from Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), due to the relocation of industrial VCPs enterprises and the architectural activities during urban expansion. Meanwhile, the uniform distribution pattern caused by population density allocation in these areas was corrected, and the point-source high-emission feature was tracked. The VCPs emissions in high-population-density areas were overestimated (31.4%), with personal care products (57.9%) as the main emission sources in these areas. We compared the Mo-E inventory with an inventory (Mo-M) derived using MEIC's spatial allocation factors, and found a maximum difference in emissions per unit grid of +14,602 t and a minimum of −880 t. Finally, we discuss the uncertainties in the emissions from each VCP sector (±30–80%) and the spatial emission patterns, which resulted from the spatial allocation dataset (±10.4–20%) and the spatial analysis methods (−6.9-+7.8%). • A method of spatial allocation for VCPs has been established. • The point source emissions of industrial VCPs has been re-tracking. • Industrial VCPs emit more in urban-rural fringe and medium-population-density areas. • Non-industrial VCP emissions intensity is higher in high-income regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to revolutionize the field of Natural Language Processing, excelling not only in text generation and reasoning tasks but also in their ability for zero/few-shot learning, swiftly adapting to new tasks with minimal fine-tuning. LLMs have also demonstrated great promise in biomedical and healthcare applications. However, when it comes to Named Entity Recognition (NER), particularly within the biomedical domain, LLMs fall short of the effectiveness exhibited by fine-tuned domain-specific models. One key reason is that NER is typically conceptualized as a sequence labeling task, whereas LLMs are optimized for text generation and reasoning tasks. Results We developed an instruction-based learning paradigm that transforms biomedical NER from a sequence labeling task into a generation task. This paradigm is end-to-end and streamlines the training and evaluation process by automatically repurposing pre-existing biomedical NER datasets. We further developed BioNER-LLaMA using the proposed paradigm with LLaMA-7B as the foundational LLM. We conducted extensive testing on BioNER-LLaMA across three widely recognized biomedical NER datasets, consisting of entities related to diseases, chemicals, and genes. The results revealed that BioNER-LLaMA consistently achieved higher F1-scores ranging from 5% to 30% compared to the few-shot learning capabilities of GPT-4 on datasets with different biomedical entities. We show that a general-domain LLM can match the performance of rigorously fine-tuned PubMedBERT models and PMC-LLaMA, biomedical-specific language model. Our findings underscore the potential of our proposed paradigm in developing general-domain LLMs that can rival SOTA performances in multi-task, multi-domain scenarios in biomedical and health applications. Availability and implementation Datasets and other resources are available at https://github.com/BIDS-Xu-Lab/BioNER-LLaMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the seasonal differences of O 3 formation and photochemical reactivity were investigated during the high O 3 episodes observed in autumn of 2014 and winter of 2017 at a downwind rural site of Pearl River Delta region (Heshan site). The mixing ratios of O 3 and NO 2 were highest in the Period I of autumn, followed by the Period II of autumn and the winter period. Though the total concentrations of VOCs were comparable in these periods, alkenes made greater fraction of VOCs during Period I of autumn, while those of OVOCs and aromatics were higher in winter period, resulting in the largest contributions of alkenes (R OH(alkenes)) and OVOCs (R OVOCs) to the photochemical reactivity in autumn and winter, respectively. The ozonolysis of alkenes (especially for 1-pentene and isoprene) dominated HO x production during Period I of autumn, while in winter period, photolysis of OVOCs increased before noon, and made the greatest contribution to HO x production in late afternoon. As for the HO x destruction, reaction of OH + NO 2 dominated in both seasons, with higher rates in Period I of autumn because of higher levels of radical and NO 2. Furthermore, the variations in O 3 precursors and radical budget resulted in different O 3 formation and destruction rates, with the highest contribution from RO 2 and NO to O 3 formation, as well as photolysis and ozonolysis of alkenes for O 3 destruction in Period I of autumn. The net O 3 production from photochemistry and contributions of physical processes indicated that local photochemistry dominated the O 3 accumulation at noon and in the early afternoon, while dilution in O 3 levels caused by physical process increased before noon and in the late afternoon. O 3 formation sensitivity could be changed during the photochemical consumption of precursors, which was more NO x -limited in the late afternoon. Overall, our findings highlighted that control measures of photochemical pollution should consider the seasonal variations in the abundance of O 3 and its precursors, and O 3 formation sensitivity regime. • O 3 formation and photochemical reactivity during high O 3 episodes in autumn and winter were investigated in PRD. • The formation and destruction pathways varied with the abundance of O 3 and its precursors in different seasons. • The O 3 formation sensitivity regime changed if the compensation of photochemical consumption of VOCs was considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sparse topic models (STMs) are widely used for learning a semantically rich latent sparse representation of short texts in large scale, mainly by imposing sparse priors or appropriate regularizers on topic models. However, it is difficult for these STMs to model the sparse structure and pattern of the corpora accurately, since their sparse priors always fail to achieve real sparseness, and their regularizers bypass the prior information of the relevance between sparse coefficients. In this paper, we propose a novel Bayesian hierarchical topic models called Bayesian Sparse Topical Coding with Poisson Distribution (BSTC-P) on the basis of Sparse Topical Coding with Sparse Groups (STCSG). Different from traditional STMs, it focuses on imposing hierarchical sparse prior to leverage the prior information of relevance between sparse coefficients. Furthermore, we propose a sparsity-enhanced BSTC, Bayesian Sparse Topical Coding with Normal Distribution (BSTC-N), via mathematic approximation. We adopt superior hierarchical sparse inducing prior, with the purpose of achieving the sparsest optimal solution. Experimental results on datasets of Newsgroups and Twitter show that both BSTC-P and BSTC-N have better performance on finding clear latent semantic representations. Therefore, they yield better performance than existing works on document classification tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is concerned with the optimal convergence rates of the supercritical surface quasi-geostrophic equation. When the global weak solution θ of the supercritical surface quasi-geostrophic equation satisfies ∇ θ ∈ L r ( 0 , ∞ ; B ̇ p , ∞ 0 ( R 2 ) ) for 2 p + α r = α , 2 α < p < ∞ , then even for large initial data perturbation, every weak solution θ ̃ ( x , t ) of the perturbed quasi-geostrophic equation converges to θ ( x , t ) with the optimal algebraic convergence rate ‖ θ ̃ ( t ) − θ ( t ) ‖ L 2 ≤ C ( 1 + t ) − 1 α t > 0 . The findings are mainly based on some new estimates for the trilinear form in Besov spaces and the generalized Fourier splitting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the optimal algebraic convergence rates for Leray weak solutions of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations in Morrey space. It is shown that if the global Leray weak solution u ( x , t ) of the 3D Navier–Stokes equations satisfies ∇ u ∈ L r ( 0 , ∞ ; M ˙ p , q ( R 3 ) ) , 2 r + 3 p = 2 , 3 2 < p < ∞ , p ≥ q > 2 , then even for the large initial perturbation, every weak solution v ( x , t ) of the perturbed Navier–Stokes equations converges algebraically to u ( x , t ) with the optimal upper and lower bounds C 1 ( 1 + t ) − γ 2 ≤ ‖ v ( t ) − u ( t ) ‖ L 2 ≤ C 2 ( 1 + t ) − γ 2 , for large t > 1 , 2 < γ < 5 2 . The findings are mainly based on the developed Fourier splitting methods and iterative process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the improved $L^{2}$ decay for solutions of a class of the third-grade non-Newtonian fluid flows in $\mathbb {R}^{3}$ . By developing the classic Fourier splitting methods, we prove the non-uniform decay of solutions when $u_{0}\in L^{2}(\mathbb {R}^{3})$ and improve algebraic decay rates of solutions as $(1+t)^{{-\frac{3}{2}}({\frac{1}{r}}-{\frac{1}{2}})-\frac{1}{2} }$ when the initial data satisfy some moment condition. The results extend the previous result by Zhao (Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 15:229-238, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic sulfides have distinctive catalytic property in activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for water remediation. Polyoxometalates as potential precursors have rarely been reported for the catalytic degradation of refractory organic pollutants. Herein, a composite catalyst of Co-Mo bimetallic sulfides supported onto graphene oxide (O-CoMoS/GO) with a heterojunction architecture was synthesized through a hydrothermal strategy with polyoxometalates ((NH 4) 4 [CoIIMo 6 O 24 H 6 ]·6H 2 O) as the precursor and applied in the PMS activation. This material showed a superior performance for the catalytic degradation of the model organic pollutant, 4-chlorophenol (rapidly removed within 10 min with an apparent reaction rate constant of 0.5458 min−1). O-CoMoS/GO outperformed most of the reported catalysts in terms of activity and had a strong tolerance towards common organic and inorganic compounds in water, and could perform well in different real water systems. Experimental and theoretical results indicated that the introduction of GO could achieve the enrichment of electrons on the metals and reduce the d band center (ε d) of Co close to the Fermi level (ε F), thereby facilitating the interfacial electron transfer process. The activation mechanism was due to the as-prepared bimetallic sulfides and the formation of heterojunction structure with GO, where Co(II) as the active center could be regenerated by the adjacent Mo element (as co-catalyst) and by gathering electrons from GO through the Co/Mo-O-C coupling. This work provides insights into the design of bimetallic sulfide catalysts in activating PMS for water remediation. [Display omitted] • Anderson-type polyoxometalate is used as precursor for preparing bimetal sulfides. • A composite catalyst of Co-Mo bimetallic sulfides supported onto Go is prepared. • A heterojunction structure between sulfide nanosheet and GO can be engineered. • This catalyst shows a superior performance for activating peroxymonosulfate. • Co active center can be regenerated by adjacent Mo and by GO gathering electrons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Discovered that viral production was terminated with the potential amino acids critical for DNA binding in the MEV NS1 were mutated. • Discovered that the NS1-196K2G and -K406G mutations loss its ability to activate transcription of P38 promoter and VP2-5'UTR. • Discovered that VP2 protein was re-produced following transfection of F81 cells with pMEV-NS1-196K2G and pMEV-NS1-K406G when pNS1 was co-transfected in trans. • Discovered that the ability of NS1 protein to interact with SP1 was inhibited by both 196K2G and K406G substitutions, and also 196K2G resulted in failure to bind to the DNA-binding sites in the P38 promoter, and the oligomerization of NS1-K406G was inhibited. The NS1 protein of mink enteritis virus (MEV) is a multidomain and multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in viral replication, with predicted nuclease, helicase and transactivation activities. The nuclease and helicase domains of NS1 protein are involved in interaction with viral DNA. Herein, potential amino acids critical for DNA binding in the MEV NS1 were mutated, all of which resulted in a termination of viral production from an infectious MEV clone. Although E121, H129/131, Y212 and K470/472 mutants retained their P38 and 5'UTR transactivation activity, K196/197 and K406 mutations eliminated this. Interestingly, VP2 protein was produced following transfection of F81 cells with pMEV-NS1-196K2G (K196G and K197G) and pMEV-NS1-K406G when pNS1 was co-transfected in trans, indicating that the substitutions did not affect the integrity of the DNA sequence that bound to NS1 protein but inhibited the biological properties of NS1 protein itself. The ability of NS1 protein to interact with SP1 was inhibited by both 196K2G and K406G substitutions, while 196K2G resulted in failure to bind to the DNA-binding sites in the P38 promoter, and the oligomerization of K406G was inhibited. All of these could explain the transcriptional repression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical text summarization is a critical task for comprehension of an ever-growing amount of biomedical literature. Pre-trained language models (PLMs) with transformer-based architectures have been shown to greatly improve performance in biomedical text mining tasks. However, existing methods for text summarization generally fine-tune PLMs on the target corpora directly and do not consider how fine-grained domain knowledge, such as PICO elements used in evidence-based medicine, can help to identify the context needed for generating coherent summaries. To fill the gap, we propose KeBioSum, a novel knowledge infusion training framework, and experiment using a number of PLMs as bases, for the task of extractive summarization on biomedical literature. We investigate generative and discriminative training techniques to fuse domain knowledge (i.e., PICO elements) into knowledge adapters and apply adapter fusion to efficiently inject the knowledge adapters into the basic PLMs for fine-tuning the extractive summarization task. Experimental results from the extractive summarization task on three biomedical literature datasets show that existing PLMs (BERT, RoBERTa, BioBERT, and PubMedBERT) are improved by incorporating the KeBioSum knowledge adapters, and our model outperforms the strong baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Literature suggests that left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV‐GLS) on speckle echocardiography has the potential to predict cardiotoxicity amongst breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy such as anthracycline, taxane, cyclophosphamide, and trastuzumab. Our study aimed to collect evidence for the prognostic value of LV‐GLS for predicting chemotherapy‐induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients. Methods: A detailed search of the PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases was conducted for published articles up to August 31, 2022. In our meta‐analysis, we looked at 13 studies with a total of 1007 breast cancer patients getting chemotherapy that looked at the predictive value of GLS. Results: Absolute GLS change during treatment showed a pooled sensitivity of 84% (95% CI 74% to 91%) and a pooled specificity of 77% (95% CI 68% to 84%). For a relative change in GLS, we observed a pooled sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 56% to 89%) and a pooled specificity of 83% (95% CI 73% to 90%). For an absolute change in GLS, we observed a positive likelihood ratio (LR), and the negative LR was 4 and.21. Summary receiver operating characteristics curve with prediction and confidence intervals represents a promising summary area under the curve (sAUC) of.88, 95% CI ranges from.85 to.91 for absolute change in GLS, as well as for relative change (sAUC,.87, 95% CI.84 to.90). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated an estimation of LV‐GLS after the beginning of required chemotherapy, including anthracyclines and trastuzumab, had a promising prognostic value for predicting the likelihood of cancer therapeutics‐related cardiac dysfunction. To confirm our findings, well‐designed prospective adequately powered diagnostic randomised trials are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled with photodiode array detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of six major constituents in Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze: hyperoside, patuletin-3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-sulfate, astragalin, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside and α-terthienyl. The chemical fingerprint of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze leaves was established using raw materials of 12 batches in China. The chromatographic separations were obtained by using an Eclipse XDB-C18 reserved-phase column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 µm) using gradient elution with water (0.0125% trifluoroacetic acid, v/v) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, an operating temperature of 30°C and a detection wavelength of 360 nm. The new method was validated by linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, reproducibility, stability and recovery, and was also successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of components in Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze. The results indicate that this multi-component determination method in combination with chromatographic fingerprint analysis is suitable for the quantitative analysis and identification of Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the effects of several groundwater components (heavy metals, inorganic anions, and organics) on the cytotoxicity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) towards Escherichia coli (E. coli) under aerobic/anaerobic conditions were studied. The results showed that NZVI exhibited much higher toxicity in anaerobic conditions than aerobic conditions. Under the state of air-saturation, corrosion of NZVI occurred rapidly, at the same time, it could stably and continuously generate Fe (Ⅱ) and trigger reactive oxygen species (ROS), which led to oxidative stress in E. coli. While in the deareated state, the TEM images showed that the integrity of the cell membrane was destroyed, which validated that the main mechanism of NZVI cytotoxicity was the rapid membrane damage of E. coli. The presence of Cr (Ⅵ) reduced the toxicity of NZVI through oxidation-reduction with NZVI, especially under anaerobic conditions. In contrast, the presence of Cd (Ⅱ) could be adsorbed onto NZVI to increase the cytotoxicity of NZVI. The presence of phosphate and humic acid greatly improved the survival rate of E. coli through the complex reaction with Fe (Ⅱ), especially under aerobic conditions. On the one hand, the formed Fe (II)-phosphate/humic acid complex could reduce the production of ROS. On the other hand, the complex accumulated on the outer surface of E. coli cells could provide steric hindrance to impede the contact between NZVI and cell. These findings were crucial for practical significance to evaluate environmental risk during the groundwater remediation process by using NZVI. [Display omitted] • NZVI exhibited much higher toxicity in anaerobic conditions than aerobic conditions. • Mechanisms of cell inactivation were different under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. • Cr(VI) reduced the toxicity of NZVI, while Cd(II) increased the toxicity of NZVI. • Phosphate and HA alleviated the toxicity of NZVI through complexation with Fe(II). • Each component showed different influence under aerobic/anaerobic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze is an annual alien weed of Flaveria Juss. (Asteraceae) in China. Bioactive compounds, mainly flavonol glycosides and flavones from F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze, have been studied in order to utilize this invasive weed, Analytical high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) was successfully used to separate patuletin-3-O-glucoside, a mixture of hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside, astragalin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin using two runs with different solvent system. Ethyl acetate–methanol–water (10:1:10, v/v) was selected by analytical HPCCC as the optimum phase system for the separation of patuletin-3-O-glucoside, a mixture of hyperoside and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside, and astragalin. A Dichloromethane–methanol–water (5:3:2, v/v) was used for the separation of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin. The separation was then scaled up: the crude extract (ca 1.5g) was separated by preparative HPCCC, yielding 12mg of patuletin-3-O-glucoside at a purity of 98.3%, yielding 9mg of a mixture of hyperoside and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside constituting over 98% of the fraction, and 16mg of astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) at a purity of over 99%. The pump-out peaks are isorhanetin (98% purity), kaemferol (93% purity) and quercitin (99% purity). The chemical structure of patuletin-3-O-glucoside and astragalin were confirmed by MS and 1H, 13C NMR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In order to utilize and control the invasive weed, Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, bioactive compounds mainly flavonoids from F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze were studied. High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used for the separation of flavonol glycosides from F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze. The two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (10:0.4:10, v/v) was used for HSCCC. About 400mg of the crude extract was separated by HSCCC, yielding 3.6mg of patuletin-3-O-glucoside at a purity of over 97%; 4.4mg of astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside) at a purity of over 98% and 4.5mg of a mixture of hyperoside (quercetin-3-O-galactoside) and 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside constituting over 97% of the fraction. The chemical structures were confirmed by MS and 1H, 13C, 1-D TOCSY NMR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: High-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) were successively used for the separation of epigallocatechin and flavonoids from Hypericum perforatum L. The two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate–methanol–water (10:1:10, v/v) was used for HSCCC. About 900mg of the crude extract was separated by HSCCC, yielding 7.8mg of quercitrin at a purity of over 97%, 12.6mg of quercetin at a purity of over 93%, and 38.9mg of a mixture of hyperoside, isoquercitrin and miquelianin constituting over 97% of the fraction. A mixture of epigallocatechin and avicularin pooled from three HSCCC runs, a total amount of 54.3mg, was further separated by prep-HPLC yielding 23.4mg of epigallocatechin and 15.3mg of avicularin each at a purity of over 97%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

High speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) was successfully used to isolate three bioactive compounds, i.e., amygdalin from bitter almond and taxifolin-3-glucoside and quercetin-3-galactoside (hyperoside) from water extract of A. pilosa Ledeb, respectively. From 1 g of the crude extract 65 mg of amygdalin was isolated at 97% purity using a two phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (5:2:5, v/v) by preparative HSCCC. From a 400 mg amount of crude extract of A. pilosa Ledeb, 11 mg of taxifolin-3-glucoside and 8 mg of hyperoside were isolated at 96% purity, using a two phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (25:1:25, v/v) similarly by preparative HSCCC. The final structural identification was performed by MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparative countercurrent chromatography has been used successfully for the isolation and purification of kaempferol pyranosides including kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2-1)-a-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside from the traditional Chinese herb "Jin qian cao"-Lysimachia christinae Hance with a two-phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate-methanol-water with a volume ratio of 50:1:50, v/v. The composition of the phase system was optimized using analytical high speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). The crude extract in the amount of 924 mg was separated, yielding 69.8 mg of kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2-1)-a-L-rhamnopyranoside, 45.3 mg of kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, both at a high purity of over 97% and 8.9 mg of kaempferol-3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranoside with the purity of 92%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the 3D shear thickening non-Newtonian fluid equation with the nonlinear constitutive relations τ i j v = 2 (μ 0 + μ 1 | e (u) | r − 2) e i j (u) − 2 μ 2 Δ e i j (u) for r ≥ 3. We consider the difference between a weak solution u of the aforementioned equation with the initial data u 0 and the weak solution u ˜ of the same equation with perturbed initial data u 0 + w 0. The goal is to find the exact large-time behavior of the difference u ˜ (t) − u (t). By invoking some new observations on the nonlinear parts of the aforementioned non-Newtonian fluid equation and using an iterative argument together with a generalized Fourier splitting method, we are able to show that C 1 (1 + t) − 5 − ϵ 4 ≤ ‖ u ˜ (t) − u (t) ‖ L 2 (R 3) ≤ C 2 (1 + t) − 5 − ϵ 4 , for t > 1 large , where ϵ > 0 is taken to be sufficiently small. The initial perturbation w 0 is not required to be small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is dedicated to investigating large time decay of weak solutions for the 2D Oldroyd-B model of non-Newtonian flows. Due to the inconsistencies of the dissipative effect between Laplacian velocity viscosity and linear stress damping, either the classic Fourier splitting methods or Kato's methods for both velocity u and stress tensor τ are not available directly. Based on a new observation on the structure of Oldroyd-B model instead of the complex spectral analysis of linear problem, we explore the low frequency effect for weak solutions which allows us to develop the generalized Fourier splitting technique. More precisely, we first examine that the weak solutions with L 2 initial data have the non-uniformly decay ‖ u (t) ‖ L 2 (R 2) + ‖ τ (t) ‖ L 2 (R 2) → 0 , t → ∞. Furthermore, we obtain the optimal decay rates of the weak solutions ‖ τ ‖ L 2 (R 2) + ‖ u ‖ L 2 (R 2) ≤ C (1 + t) − 1 2 when (u 0 , τ 0) ∈ L 2 (R 2) ∩ L 1 (R 2). Our methods here are also available for the time decay issue of the complex fluid flows with partial dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar has been recognized as a sustainable platform for developing functional materials including catalysts. This work demonstrated a method of converting biochar to sulfonated solid-acid catalysts, and the effectiveness of the catalysts for spiramycin hydrolysis was examined. Two biochar samples (H and X) were sulfonated with three reagents (concentrated H 2 SO 4 , ClSO 3 H and p -toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)) under hydrothermal, simple heating, ambient temperature, and CHCl 3 -assisted treatments. The effect of elemental compositions and structural characteristics of the feeding materials (H and X) on the acidic properties of the sulfonated biochars were investigated. The results showed that the sulfonation ability of the three reagents was in the order of ClSO 3 H > H 2 SO 4 > TsOH, while hydrothermal treatment provided the highest total acidity, and largest amount of acidic groups (e.g., SO 3 H, COOH and Ar-OH). Biochar X with higher O/C and N contents, and less graphitic features showed superior acidic properties than biochar H under all the employed treatments. The hydrolytic efficiencies of the sulfonated biochars under 200 W of microwave irradiation increased with increasing total acidity, and the amount of SO 3 H and COOH groups. After sulfonation, the O/C of biochars increased, while H/C decreased, and the aromatic and graphitic features did not change. The electromagnetic energy absorbed by the sulfonated biochars did not notably contribute to spiramycin hydrolysis. Thus, this work demonstrated an effective and promising method for maneuvering biochar-based functional solid-acid catalysts for antibiotic remediation in contaminated water. • Methods suggested to convert biochar to solid acids towards spiramycin hydrolysis. • Biochar with high O/C and N contents and less graphitic features are preferred. • Biochar hydrothermally treated using ClSO 3 H achieved the highest total acidity. • Total acidity, SO 3 H and COOH dominantly contributed to spiramycin hydrolysis. • A promising work on using sulfonated biochar as catalysts for antibiotic remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commonsense Machine Comprehension (CMC) is a popular natural language understanding task. CMC enables computers to learn about causal and temporal reasoning by exploiting implicit commonsense knowledge and can be applied to Question Answering, Search Engine and Dialogue System. Previous methods for CMC limit the vision on CMC task, neglecting that Recognizing Textual Entailment(RTE) task has much similarities with CMC task. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning model, which can take advantage of commonsense knowledge in RTE task by mapping CMC examples and RTE examples to a shared feature space and comprehending in this feature space. Specifically, we first establish a transfer learning framework which has three components: (1) source and target mappings, (2) domain regularization, and (3) CMC score function. Then we make selection for each component in our transfer learning framework and propose the Domain Transfer Comprehension(DTC) model. Experiments on Story Cloze Test show that our model outperforms most previous approaches and provides competitive results with state-of-art methods. We also show each components of our model have positive effect on performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthraquinone is a recently identified contaminant present in teas globally, and its potential teratogenic and genotoxic impacts have yet to be fully comprehended. Hence, this study's objective was to determine anthraquinone's genotoxicity using various studies such as the Ames test, Mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test, and in-vitro mammalian chromosome aberration study. Additionally, the study assessed its effects on maternal gestational toxicity and the fetus's teratogenicity through prenatal developmental toxicity research in rats. Results indicated that anthraquinone did not manifest mutagenic effects on Salmonella typhimurium histidine-deficient, did not cause chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cell subclone CHO-K1, and did not exhibit a genotoxic effect on mouse bone marrow erythrocytes. However, in the prenatal developmental toxicity study, administering anthraquinone orally to pregnant rats from day 5 to day 19 of gestation resulted in decreased body weight and food consumption of pregnant rats, along with a higher number of visceral malformations in the fetuses in the highest dose group (217.6 mg/kg BW). Additionally, two pregnant rats died in this group. The study has established the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) as 21.76 mg/kg BW, while the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 217.6 mg/kg BW. [Display omitted] • This paper discusses the genotoxicity and teratotoxicity of anthraquinone. • Anthraquinone is not genotoxic. • The NOAEL for anthraquinone teratology was 21.76 mg/kg, the LOAEL was 217.6 mg/kg. • Data on genotoxicity and prenatal developmental toxicity of anthraquinone were added. • Provides a basis for chronic toxicity design and risk assessment of anthraquinones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV) has been shown to have oncolytic activity against primary canine tumors. Previous studies from this laboratory had confirmed that CDV induces apoptosis in canine mammary tumor (CMT) cells, although the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Methods: The CDV N, P, M, F, H, L, C, and V genes were identified in CDV-L and cloned separately. Mutants with deletions in the 5' region (pCMV-F L△60, pCMV-FL△107, and pCMV-FL△114) or with site-directed mutagenesis in the 3' region (pCMV-FLA602-610) of the F gene were generated. Late-stage apoptotic cells were detected by Hoechst 33342. Early-stage apoptotic cells were detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of target genes of apoptotic and NF-κB pathway. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression or phosphorylation levels of target proteins of apoptotic or NF-κB pathway. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the nuclear translocation of p65 protein. Recombinant viruses (rCDV-FL△60 and rCDV-FLA602-610) were rescued by a BHK-T7-based system. 5-week-old female BALB/c nude mice were used to detect the oncolytic activity of recombinant viruses. Results: In this study, it was first confirmed that none of the structural or non-structural proteins of CDV-L, a vaccine strain, was individually able to induce apoptosis in canine mammary tubular adenocarcinoma cells (CIPp) or intraductal papillary carcinoma cells (CMT-7364). However, when CIPp or CMT-7364 cells were co-transfected with glycoprotein fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) proteins of CDV-L, nuclear fragmentation was observed and a high proportion of early apoptotic cells were detected, as well as cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and poly (ATP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were down-regulated by apoptosis broad-spectrum inhibitor Z–VAD–FMK and caspase-8 pathway inhibitor Z–IETD–FMK, confirming that the F and H proteins coinduced apoptosis in CMT cells via the caspase-8 and caspase-3 pathways. F and H proteins co-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65, confirming activation of the NF-κB pathway, inhibition of which down-regulated cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Recombinant F protein with enhanced fusion activity and H protein co-induced more cleaved caspase-3 and PARP than parental F protein, while the corresponding recombinant virus exhibited the same properties both in CIPp cells and in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Conclusions: F and H proteins of CDV-L co-induce apoptosis in CMT cells, while the NF-κB pathway and fusion activity of F protein paly essential roles in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We assessed the effects of upstream administration of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on spontaneous reperfusion (SR) of infarct-related artery (IRA) and the clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The incidence of SR of the IRA was significantly higher in the tirofiban group than in the no-tirofiban group (141 [36.5%] vs 21 [17.2%], P < .001). By multivariate logistic regression analysis, use of tirofiban (odds ratio 2.32, 95% confidence interval 1.25-4.31, P = .008) independently predicted the occurrence of SR. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that major adverse cardiovascular event-free survival was significantly higher in patients treated with tirofiban than in patients without tirofiban at 30-day (log rank = 11.65, P = .001) and 90-day follow-up (log rank = 16.79, P < .001). Upstream administration of tirofiban is significantly associated with increased SR of the IRA and favorable clinical prognosis in patients undergoing PCI for STEMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to identify the dominant transport pathways, potential source areas, and their seasonal variation at sites with high inorganic nitrogen (IN) wet deposition flux in southern China. This is a long-term study (2010–2017) based on continuous deposition measurements at the Guangzhou urban site (GZ) and the Dinghushan Natural Reserve site (DHS) located in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A dataset on monthly IN concentration in precipitation and wet deposition flux were provided. The average annual fluxes measured at both sites (GZ: 33.04±9.52, DHS: 20.52±10.22 kg N/(ha∙year)) were higher, while the ratios of reduced to oxidized N (GZ: 1.19±0.77, DHS: 1.25±0.84) were lower compared with the national mean level and the previous reported level throughout the PRD region. The dominant pathways were not always consistent with the highest proportional trajectory clusters. The transport pathways contributing most of deposition were identified in the north and north-northeast in the dry season and in the east-southeast, east, and south-southwest in the wet season. A weighted potential source contribution function (WPSCF) value >0.3 was determined reasonably to define the potential source area. Emission within the PRD region contributed the majority (≥95% at both sites) of the IN deposition in the wet season, while the contribution outside the region increased significantly in the dry season (GZ: 27.86%, DHS: 95.26%). Our results could help create more effective policy to control precursor emissions for IN fluxes, enabling reduction of the ecological risks due to excessive nitrogen. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a simple, rapid, and efficient purification method of five major flavonoids from crudeFlaveria bidentisextracts was established. Five flavonoids components were initially obtained by ethanol-water extraction ofFlaveria bidentis(L.) Kuntze, followed by using D4020 resin-based column chromatography and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. 9.3 mg hyperoside, 6.5 mg patuletin-3-O-glucoside, 1.7 mg isorhamnetin 3-sulphate, 8.4 mg astragalin, and 4.9 mg 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-galactoside at high purity of over 94% were obtained from 580 mgFlaveria bidentisextracts. This method is more efficient than HSCCC comparing with the results of these two methods regarding analysts’ purity, recovery, and running time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Eleven adducts have been prepared and characterized. • H-bonds have been analyzed. • Other non-covalent bonds are discussed in detail. • 1D-3D structures were created by H-bonds and non-covalent contacts. Cocrystallization of 2-aminobenzothiazole/2-aminothiazole with a set of organic acids got a total of 11 crystalline adducts with the compositions: (2-aminobenzothiazole): (saccharin) [(HL1)+ • (sac)−, sac = saccharinate] (1) , (2-aminobenzothiazole): (dichloroacetic acid) [(HL1)+ • (dca)−, dca = dichloroacetate] (2) , (2-aminobenzothiazole): (trichloroacetic acid) [(HL1)+ • (tca)−, tca = trichloroacetate] (3) , (2-aminothiazole): (glycolic acid) [(HL2)+ • (gla)−, gla = glycolate] (4) , (2-aminothiazole): (2-methyl-2-phenoxypropanoic acid) [(HL2) • (mppa), mppa = 2-methyl-2-phenoxypropanoiate] (5) , (2-aminothiazole): ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid) [(HL2) • (dcpa), dcpa = (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetate] (6) , (2-aminobenzothiazole) 2 : (2,3-dibromo-butanedioic acid) 2 [(HL1) 2 + • (dba)2- • (H 2 dba), dba = 2,3-dibromo-butanedioate] (7) , (2-aminothiazole): (1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) [(L2) 2 • (1,4-H 2 cha), 1,4-H 2 cha = 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid] (8) , (2-aminothiazole): (4-nitrophthalic acid) [(HL2+) • (4-Hnpa−), Hnpa− = 4-nitro hydrogenphthalate] (9) , (2-aminothiazole): (5-hydroxyisophthalic acid) [(HL2+) • (5-Hipta−), 5-Hipta− = 5-hydroxy hydrogenisophthalate] (10) and (2-aminobenzothiazole): (3-nitrophthalic acid): CH 3 CH 2 OH [(HL1) • (3-Hnpa−) • CH 3 CH 2 OH, 3-Hnpa− = hydrogen 3-nitrophthalate] (11). These adducts have been examined by XRD, IR and elemental analysis and the melting points were also gauged. Their structural and supramolecular aspects are fully analyzed. The result unveils that among the investigated crystalline solids 1 - 7 and 9 - 11 the aryl N in thiazole moieties are protonated when the organic acids are deprotonated, the crystal packing is ruled by the strong charge-assisted N-H⋯O H-bond from the NH+ and the deprotonated acids. 8 is a cocrystal sustained by the neutral N-H⋯O/O-H⋯N H-bonds. Except the N-H⋯O H-bonds, the O-H•••O H-bonds were also found at 4, 7 and 9 - 11. 1 has the additional N-H•••S/N-H•••N H-bonds. The N-H•••Cl H-bond was appeared in 3. Further analysis of the crystal packing told that a different set of additional CH 2 -C, CH-O/CH 2 -O, CH-S, CH-CH, CH-Cl, Cl-Cl, Cl-S, Br-S, Br-π, CH-π/CH 2 -π/CH 3 -π, N-π, C-S, O-C π , O-N, O-O, O-S, π-π and O-π contacts contribute to the stabilization and expansion of the total structures. For the interplay of the various weak nonbonding interactions these structures adopted homo or hetero supramolecular synthons or both. The recognition of the base-acid created the classical R 2 2(8) synthon in all compounds except 7. For the cooperation of these weak bonds, 1D-3D structures were made. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new, general approach of electrochemical-driven NPs catalysis is reported. • This strategy combines the advantages of both electrochemistry and nanotechnology. • A continuous flow removal of 4-CP was achieved, the best result than ever-reported. • Electric field drives NPs for promoting electron transfer, making reactive species. • Direct and indirect dehalogenation routes were first observed and validated; Devising new versatile catalytic systems for the efficient removal of chlorinated environmental pollutants from water has enormous implications for the environment and human health. By combining the advantages of both electrochemistry and nanotechnology, here we report a conceptually new, general approach of electrochemical-driven nanoparticulate catalysis for highly efficient dehalogenation of organic chlorides. By implementing this strategy, a continuous-flow removal of 4-chlorophenol was rapidly achieved with 100% of dechlorination efficiency within 120 min, and importantly, the dechlorination product phenol could further undergo hydrogenation reaction to completely transform into the mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, significantly better than any reported catalytic methods. The essence of activation mechanism was attributed to the electric field-driven nanoparticles for activating the electrogenerated H 2 to make numerous reactive species (e.g., atomic hydrogen) and for promoting direct electron transfer on the particles surface, thereby efficiently enabling their fast reactions with the adjacent pollutants. By conducting cyclic voltammetry and atomic-hydrogen quenching investigations, we first showed the direct and indirect reduction of chlorinated environmental pollutants in the voltammogram and provided a new evidence for the presence of these two mechanisms in the dehalogenation process. This work provides the first insight into electrochemical-driven nanoparticulate catalysis for dehalogenation of chlorinated environmental pollutants, showing a promising application for the remediation of these contaminants in water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of NIR‐II emitters for gastrointestinal (GI) tract imaging remains challenging due to fluorescence quenching in the digestive microenvironment. Herein, we report that red‐shifting of the fluorescence emission of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) into NIR‐II region with improved quantum yields (QY) could be achieved by engineering a protein corona structure consisting of a ribonuclease‐A (RNase‐A) on the particle surfaces. RNase‐A‐encapsulated AuNCs (RNase‐A@AuNCs) displayed emissions at 1050 nm with a 1.9 % QY. Compared to rare earth and silver‐based NIR‐II emitters, RNase‐A@AuNCs had excellent biocompatibility, showing >50‐fold higher sensitivity in GI tract, and migrated homogenously during gastrointestinal peristalsis to allow visualization of the detailed structures of the GI tract. RNase‐A@AuNCs could successfully examine intestinal tumor mice from healthy mice, indicating a potential utility for early diagnosis of intestinal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of NIR‐II emitters for gastrointestinal (GI) tract imaging remains challenging due to fluorescence quenching in the digestive microenvironment. Herein, we report that red‐shifting of the fluorescence emission of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) into NIR‐II region with improved quantum yields (QY) could be achieved by engineering a protein corona structure consisting of a ribonuclease‐A (RNase‐A) on the particle surfaces. RNase‐A‐encapsulated AuNCs (RNase‐A@AuNCs) displayed emissions at 1050 nm with a 1.9 % QY. Compared to rare earth and silver‐based NIR‐II emitters, RNase‐A@AuNCs had excellent biocompatibility, showing >50‐fold higher sensitivity in GI tract, and migrated homogenously during gastrointestinal peristalsis to allow visualization of the detailed structures of the GI tract. RNase‐A@AuNCs could successfully examine intestinal tumor mice from healthy mice, indicating a potential utility for early diagnosis of intestinal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urban-rural disparity in mortality at older ages is well documented in China. However, surprisingly few studies have systemically investigated factors that contribute to such disparity. This study examined the extent to which individual-level socioeconomic conditions, family/social support, health behaviors, and baseline health status contributed to the urban-rural difference in mortality among older adults in China.Methods: This research used the five waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2002 to 2014, a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 65 years or older in China (n = 28,235). A series of hazard regression models by gender and age group examined the association between urban-rural residence and mortality and how this association was modified by a wide range of individual-level factors.Results: Older adults in urban areas had 11% (relative hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, p < 0.01) lower risks of mortality than their rural counterparts when only demographic factors were taken into account. Further adjustments for family/social support, health behaviors, and health-related factors individually or jointly had a limited influence on the mortality differential between urban and rural older adults (HRs = 0.89-0.92, p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). However, we found no urban-rural difference in mortality (HR = 0.97, p > 0.10) after adjusting for individual socioeconomic factors. Similar results were found in women and men, and among the young-old and the oldest-old populations.Conclusions: The urban-rural disparity in mortality among older adults in China was largely attributable to differences in individual socioeconomic resources (i.e., education, income, and access to healthcare) regardless of gender and age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of NIR‐II emitters for gastrointestinal (GI) tract imaging remains challenging due to fluorescence quenching in the digestive microenvironment. Herein, we report that red‐shifting of the fluorescence emission of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) into NIR‐II region with improved quantum yields (QY) could be achieved by engineering a protein corona structure consisting of a ribonuclease‐A (RNase‐A) on the particle surfaces. RNase‐A‐encapsulated AuNCs (RNase‐A@AuNCs) displayed emissions at 1050 nm with a 1.9 % QY. Compared to rare earth and silver‐based NIR‐II emitters, RNase‐A@AuNCs had excellent biocompatibility, showing >50‐fold higher sensitivity in GI tract, and migrated homogenously during gastrointestinal peristalsis to allow visualization of the detailed structures of the GI tract. RNase‐A@AuNCs could successfully examine intestinal tumor mice from healthy mice, indicating a potential utility for early diagnosis of intestinal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3′-untranslated region of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) gene NFKB1 and the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in sepsis. Methods: The genotypes of the NFKB1 gene loci rs41275743 and rs4648143 were obtained by Sanger sequencing from 235 AKI patients and 235 non-AKI patients (No AKI). The plasma levels of Homo sapiens (human) microRNAs (hsa-miR)-580, hsa-miR-671-3p, hsa-miR-886-5p, hsa-miR-299-5p, hsa-miR-557, and hsa-miR-9 were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The P50 protein in lymphocytes and the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), serum creatinine (SCr), cystatin (Cys)-C, and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 in plasma were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The risk of AKI in patients with sepsis in A-allele carriers of the NFKB1 gene rs41275743 locus was 1.46 times higher than that of the G-allele carriers. The risk of AKI in patients with sepsis in A-allele carriers of the NFKB1 gene rs4648143 locus was 1.56 times higher than that of the G-allele carriers. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score, Simplified Acute Physiological Score (SAPS) II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), rs41275743, and rs4648143 were all independent risk factors for AKI. The plasma levels of P50 protein, TNF-α, SCr, Cys-C, and KIM-1 from patients with sepsis carrying the rs11475743 GG and rs4648143 GG genotypes were significantly lower than in those carrying the A-alleles (GA/AA). The levels of hsa-miR-580, hsa-miR-671-3p, and hsa-miR-886-5p in the plasma of patients carrying the rs41275743 GA/AA genotypes were significantly lower than in those with the GG genotype, whereas the levels of hsa-miR-299-5p, hsa-miR-557, and hsa-miR-9 showed no significant difference in patients with different genotypes of the rs41275743 locus. The levels of hsa-miR-299-5p, hsa-miR-557, and hsa-miR-9 in the plasma of patients carrying the GA/AA genotype of the rs4648143 locus were significantly lower than in those with the GG genotype, whereas the levels of hsa-miR-580, hsa-miR-671-3p, and hsa-miR-886-5p did not change significantly in patients carrying different genotypes at the rs4648143 locus. Conclusion: SNPs in the NFKB1 gene loci rs41275743 and rs4648143 are associated with the risk of AKI in patients with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topic evolution mining on short texts is an important research topic in natural language processing. Existing methods have been focused either on the topic evolution of normal documents or on the evolution of topics along a timeline. In this paper, we aim to generate topic evolutionary graphs from short texts, which not only capture the main topic timeline, but also reveal the correlations between related subtopics. Firstly, we propose an Encoder-only Transformer Language Model (ETLM) to quantify the relationship between words. Then we propose a novel topic model, referred as weighted Conditional random field regularized Correlated Topic Model (CCTM), which leverages semantic correlations to discover meaningful topics and topic correlations. Finally, topic evolutionary graphs are generated by an Online version of CCTM (OCCTM) to capture the evolutionary patterns of main topics and related subtopics. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate our method outperforms baselines on quality of topics and presents motivated patterns for topic evolution mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • SMT removal in S-nZVI/PS system and S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system was compared. • S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system shows much stronger oxidative capacity than the S-nZVI/PS system. • S-nZVI/PS system was more susceptible to the molar ratio of Fe/S in S-nZVI. • S-nZVI/PS system has a wider efficient pH range compared with S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system. • Groundwater components had minor effect on SMT removal by S-nZVI/PS at pH 5–8. Abstract In this study, sulfide-modified nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was employed to activate persulfate (PS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) for the removal of sulfamethazine (SMT). The potential influencing factors, such as oxidant concentration, SMT concentration, Fe/S molar ratio and initial pH, were examined. The removal of SMT in the S-nZVI/PS system increased with the increasing PS concentration, while there was an optimum H 2 O 2 concentration in the S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system. The S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system showed much stronger oxidative capacity than the S-nZVI/PS system under the same fitting condition. Moreover, the S-nZVI/PS system was more susceptible to the molar ratio of Fe/S in S-nZVI, and a higher SMT removal was achieved under conditions of Fe/S ≥ 40. Nevertheless, the S-nZVI/PS system was efficient over a wide pH range of 3–9, while the efficient pH in the S-nZVI/H 2 O 2 system was confined to just 3. In addition, the SMT removal by the S-nZVI/PS system was further examined in simulated groundwater and it was found that the influence of groundwater components on the removal of SMT was insignificant over the pH range of 5–8, but a notable negative effect was observed at pH 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This study characterizes the key aroma compounds of aged Xiaoqu Baijiu. • AEDA and GC-MS show that aged Xiaoqu Baijiu contains 72 volatile compounds. • Molecular sensory analysis showed that 51 components are aroma-active compounds. • Eight compounds were confirmed to be the key odorants in aged Xiaoqu Baijiu. The aromatic characteristics of Xiaoqu Baijiu differ noticeably and were investigated using the sensomics approach. Aroma extract dilution analysis revealed more aroma-active compounds in aged Xiaoqu Baijiu than fresh Xiaoqu Baijiu, with 55 compounds identified with flavor dilution (FD) factors of ≥8. Using sensomics, 51 odorants were identified as important aroma compounds in aged Xiaoqu Baijiu. Omission models suggested that 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5 H)-furanone (sotolon), vanillin, and 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde (methional) played critical roles in the overall aroma characteristics of aged Xiaoqu Baijiu. Furthermore, 1,1-dimethoxyethane, 3-methylbutanal, dimethyl trisulfide, ethyl acetate, and ethyl isovalerate also exhibited significant roles in the aroma characteristics of aged Xiaoqu Baijiu. This work may provide a better understanding on Chinese Xiaoqu Baijiu and the changes of aroma compounds during the aging process of liquor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apoptosis dysregulation is an important mechanism responsible for the intrinsic and acquired resistance of melanoma, which necessitates the exploration of oncological treatments to activate nonapoptotic cell death. Herein, we developed nano-enabled photosynthesis in tumours to activate lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis to overcome melanoma resistance. Controlled photosynthesis was conducted in tumours to construct a hyperoxic microenvironment with photosynthetic microcapsules (PMCs), which were prepared by encapsulating cyanobacteria and upconversion nanoparticles in alginate microcapsules and driven by external near infrared photons. The combination of PMCs and X-rays evoked lipid peroxidation, Fe2+ release, glutathione peroxidase 4 suppression, glutathione reduction and ferroptosis in melanoma cells and xenografts. Consequently, the intrinsic and acquired resistance in melanoma could be overcome by the combined treatment, which further inhibited tumour metastases and improved the survival rate of melanoma-bearing mice. Overall, the development of nano-enabled photosynthesis in tumours will inspire the exploration of oncological treatments. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D4020 resin offered the best dynamic adsorption and desorption capacity for total flavonoids based on the research results from ten kinds of macroporous resin. A column packed with D4020 resin was used to optimize the separation of total flavonoids from Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze extracts. The content of flavonoids in the product was increased from 4.3 to 30.1% with a recovery yield of 90%. After the treatment with gradient elution on D4020 resin, the contents of isorhamnetin 3-sulfate and astragalin were increased from 0.49 to 8.70% with a recovery yield of 74.1% and 1.16 to 30.8%, with a recovery yield of 92.2%, respectively. Further purification was carried out by one-run high-speed countercurrent chromatography yielding 4.5 mg of isorhamnetin 3-sulfate at a high purity of 96.48% and yielding 24.4 mg of astragalin at a high purity of over 98.46%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]