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Glass metal–organic framework (MOF) films can be fabricated from their crystalline counterparts through a melt‐quenching process and are prospective candidates for gas separation because of the elimination of the grain boundaries in crystalline MOF films. However, current techniques are limited to producing glass MOF films with a thickness of tens of micrometers, which leads to ultralow gas permeances. Here, we report a novel cathodic deposition‐assisted synthesis of glass ZIF‐62 films with a thickness as low as ~1 μm. Electrochemical analyses and deposition experiments suggest that the cathodic deposition can lead to pure crystalline ZIF‐62 films with a controllable thickness of ~2 μm to ~15 μm. Accordingly, glass ZIF‐62 films with a thickness of ~1 μm to ~10 μm can be obtained after a thermal treatment. The fabricated defect‐free glass ZIF‐62 film measuring 2 μm in thickness shows a remarkable CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 31.4 and 33.4, respectively, with a CO2 permeance which is over 30 times higher than the best‐performing glass ZIF‐62 films in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glass metal–organic framework (MOF) films can be fabricated from their crystalline counterparts through a melt‐quenching process and are prospective candidates for gas separation because of the elimination of the grain boundaries in crystalline MOF films. However, current techniques are limited to producing glass MOF films with a thickness of tens of micrometers, which leads to ultralow gas permeances. Here, we report a novel cathodic deposition‐assisted synthesis of glass ZIF‐62 films with a thickness as low as ~1 μm. Electrochemical analyses and deposition experiments suggest that the cathodic deposition can lead to pure crystalline ZIF‐62 films with a controllable thickness of ~2 μm to ~15 μm. Accordingly, glass ZIF‐62 films with a thickness of ~1 μm to ~10 μm can be obtained after a thermal treatment. The fabricated defect‐free glass ZIF‐62 film measuring 2 μm in thickness shows a remarkable CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 31.4 and 33.4, respectively, with a CO2 permeance which is over 30 times higher than the best‐performing glass ZIF‐62 films in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the interactions between the Taizhou school and Jesuit missionaries during the late Ming dynasty. It reveals the intellectual exchanges between these influential groups in fields such as philosophy and religion and their significance in spreading Western knowledge to the East. The article begins by introducing the complete process of exchanges between Taizhou school representatives like Jiao Hong, Li Zhi, Zhu Shilu, Tang Xianzu, Xu Guangqi, and Jesuit missionaries including Matteo Ricci. It delves into how these interactions influenced the development of their respective thoughts and academic theories. The exchange between the two groups was not a perfect fusion and was filled with contradictions, conflicts, and struggles, particularly on issues such as human nature and cosmology. By studying this process of exchange, we can understand how the intellectual elite of late Ming China accepted and reflected upon Western thought. It also reveals how Western intellectuals used this exchange to comprehend and appreciate Chinese philosophy and culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic framework (MOF) thin films could be used for ion/molecular sieving, sensing, catalysis, and energy storage, but thus far no large-scale applications are known. One of the reasons is the lack of convenient and controllable fabrication methods. This work reviews the cathodic deposition of MOF films, which has advantages (e.g., simple operations, mild conditions, and controllable MOF film thickness/morphology) over other reported techniques. Accordingly, we discuss the mechanism of the cathodic deposition of MOF films which consists of the electrochemically triggered deprotonation of organic linkers and the formation of inorganic building blocks. Thereafter, the main applications of cathodically deposited MOF films are introduced with the aim of showing this technique's wide-ranging applications. Finally, we give the remaining issues and outlooks of the cathodic deposition of MOF films to drive its future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic framework (MOF) films can be made by cathodic electrodeposition, where a Brønsted base is formed electrochemically which deprotonates the MOF linkers that are present in solution as undissociated/partially dissociated weak acids. However, the co‐deposition of metal and the narrow range of possible metal nodes limit the scope of this method. In this work, we propose the use of hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide assisted cathodic deposition or HPACD), to overcome these limitations. Electrochemical measurements indicate that in DMF, hydrogen peroxide is reduced to superoxide anions that deprotonate the carboxylic ligands. This single‐electron reduction happens at much higher potentials than all previous reported methods. This prevents the co‐deposition of metal and extends the range of possible metal nodes. Various pure MOF films (HKUST‐1, MIL‐53(Fe) and MOF‐5) were prepared via this approach. HPACD was also used for the preparation of patterned MOF films and of flexible Cu‐BTC coated paper membranes which reject 99.1 % of Rose Bengal from water with a permeance of 8.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic framework (MOF) films can be made by cathodic electrodeposition, where a Brønsted base is formed electrochemically which deprotonates the MOF linkers that are present in solution as undissociated/partially dissociated weak acids. However, the co‐deposition of metal and the narrow range of possible metal nodes limit the scope of this method. In this work, we propose the use of hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide assisted cathodic deposition or HPACD), to overcome these limitations. Electrochemical measurements indicate that in DMF, hydrogen peroxide is reduced to superoxide anions that deprotonate the carboxylic ligands. This single‐electron reduction happens at much higher potentials than all previous reported methods. This prevents the co‐deposition of metal and extends the range of possible metal nodes. Various pure MOF films (HKUST‐1, MIL‐53(Fe) and MOF‐5) were prepared via this approach. HPACD was also used for the preparation of patterned MOF films and of flexible Cu‐BTC coated paper membranes which reject 99.1 % of Rose Bengal from water with a permeance of 8.4 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thioethers are critical in the fields of pharmaceuticals and organic synthesis, but most of the methods for synthesis alkyl thioethers employ foul-smelling thiols as starting materials or generate them as by-products. Additionally, most thiols are air-sensitive and are easily oxidized to produce disulfides under atmospheric conditions; thus, a novel method for synthesizing thioethers is necessary. This paper reports a simple, effective, green method for synthesizing dialkyl or alkyl aryl thioether derivatives using odorless, stable, low-cost ROCS2K as a thiol surrogate. This transformation offers a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance with excellent selectivity. The reaction likely proceeds via xanthate intermediates, which can be readily generated via the nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides or aryl halides with ROCS2K under transition-metal-free and base-free conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationally engineering three dimensional (3D) architrctures of transition-metal oxides (TMOs) is of great concern for the effective enhancement of electrochemical capacity, nevertheless, it is still challenging to selectively construct well-defined 3D architectured electrode materials in planar-configuration supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, we demonstrated a novel 3D nanotube-structured Ni@MnO 2 electrode with interdigital configuration for high-performance planar supercapacitors. By combining transfer printing, alloying-dealloying and electrodeposition methods, 3D architecture of nanotube-structured Ni@MnO 2 was subtly built on flexible Kapton substrate. The highly conductive Ni nanotubes embedded in MnO 2 nanoflakes offer efficient electron collection paths, endowing the 3D electrodes with low internal resistance. Simultaneously, this 3D nanotube architecture provides multiple channels for electrolyte penetration and large active surface for Faradaic reactions. For these reasons, 3D SCs deliver remarkably enhanced areal capacitance of 10.75 mF cm−2, 2.4 times of the pristine SCs without 3D architecture. Moreover, 3D SCs exhibit desirable flexibility under different bending conditions, which indicates the potential feasibility of planar-configuration SCs as energy-storage components for wearable electronics. Unlabelled Image • A facile all-solution electrochemical strategy was developed to build 3D nanotube-structured Ni@MnO 2 for planar SCs. • 3D architecture delivers dramatically enhanced areal capacitance (10.75 mF cm-2). • The highly conductive Ni nanotubes endow 3D electrodes with low internal resistance. • 3D architecture provides multiple channels for electrolyte penetration and large active surface for Faradaic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An ESSW has been demonstrated with transparent-to-dark electrochromic behavior. • The areal capacitance of the device reaches 19.1 mF cm−2. • Mo-doped WO 3 film and nanoflake MnO 2 film have been used as asymmetric electrodes. • Both electrodes are synthesized by electrodeposition methods. A carefully designed energy storage smart window (ESSW) was successfully demonstrated with transparent-to-dark electrochromic behavior and improved pseudocapacitive performance that constructed by Mo-doped WO 3 film electrode and MnO 2 nanoflake film electrode. These two electrodes were all synthesized by facile electrodeposition method which is simple, economic and easy-to-production. The proposed ESSW could change its color between transparent and dark with over 60% optical modulations in all visible bands (420–800 nm), which is satisfactory to the applications toward energy saving. Also, the areal capacitance of the ESSW reaches 19.1 mF cm−2 with working voltage window of 2.0 V so that just one single ESSW could power an LED bulb for more than 90 s. The complementary electrochromic behavior of the two electrodes guarantees the commendable electrochromic performance of the proposed ESSW, and the well-matched working potentials and areal capacitances of the asymmetric electrodes improve the pseudocapacitive performance. Such ESSW could have widely future applications toward energy saving and storing fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Amorphous Mo-doped WO 3 films have been synthesized by an electrodeposition method. • The 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 films exhibit large optical modulation and high areal capacitance. • The energy level of the Mo-doped WO 3 films can be visually monitored by the color. • Bifunctional device on various substrates have been fabricated by using the Mo-doped WO 3 film. Abstract Amorphous Mo-doped WO 3 films are successfully synthesized via an electrodeposition method. In comparison with the reported time-consuming and costly techniques involving heating or vacuuming steps, the proposed electrodeposition method achieves the preparation of Mo-doped WO 3 in a simple and economic all-solution route. By optimizing the dopant concentration of Mo, the as-prepared 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 film exhibits excellent electrochromic and energy-storage properties with large optical modulation of 83.3% at 633 nm and high pseudocapacitance of 117.1 mF cm−2 (334.6 mF g−1), greatly superior to those of pure WO 3 films. These great electrochemical properties could be attributed to the amorphous state and the proper structure distortion caused by doped atoms. Furthermore, bifunctional devices on various substrates contained the 2 at% Mo-doped WO 3 films are demonstrated with satisfactory electrochromic and energy-storage properties as well, indicating the practical applications of the Mo-doped WO 3 films in both energy-saving and energy-storage fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we developed a synthetic strategy for the direct construction of C–S bonds to obtain biologically active sulfur-containing compounds and a methodology involving the reductive sulfuration of aldehydes or ketones to obtain diverse substituted thiol, disulfide, and thioester derivatives. EtOCS2K is demonstrated as a potential substitute for the Berzelius reagent or Lawesson's reagent for the construction of C–S bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complicated electrochemical catalytic conversion process of polysulfides in metal–sulfur batteries involves three steps: adsorption, catalysis, and desorption process. Even as huge efforts are made for the understanding of the separate steps (especially for the adsorption and catalysis process), research focusing on the entire process is still scarce. Herein, a series of cobalt phosphides (CoP, CoP2, and CoP3) is employed with identical hollow morphology as model electrocatalysts to investigate the significance of the desorption process and discuss the balancing among the adsorption, catalysis, and desorption of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). The experimental data demonstrate that, compared to CoP and CoP3, CoP2 exhibits moderate adsorption of LiPSs, which enhances the reduction kinetics of S8 to Li2S and regulates the desorption of short‐chain LiPSs. Theoretical calculations further confirm that CoP2 with moderate adsorption of LiPSs exhibits better redox kinetics of LiPSs compared to CoP and CoP3. Moderate adsorption enables the CoP2‐based sulfur cathode to deliver excellent stability with 86% capacity retention (2.6 and 2.0 times higher than CoP and CoP3, respectively) over 1000 cycles at 1 C. All these results indicate that in the adsorption‐catalysis‐desorption chain for LiPSs, all steps need to be considered rather than just focusing on one step of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deposition of metal–organic framework (MOF) films with defined exposed facets is important to enhance the performance of these films for, for example, catalysis or separations. In this work, MOF films with specific exposed facets are electrodeposited anodically on various substrates (e. g. on copper‐sputtered Si wafers, copper meshes, copper foams, and polypropylene membranes). The influence of the deposition parameters, including the pH of the solution, current density, concentration of linker, and solvent, on the exposed facets of the deposited MOFs was investigated. The results suggest that precise control over the supersaturation during anodic deposition is a possible strategy for synthesizing MOF crystals with well‐defined exposed facets. This approach provides a powerful toolbox for various applications requiring crystal facet control of MOF films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the diversity-oriented aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via potassium ethyl xanthogenate (EtOCS2K)/NH4I-mediated methylthiyl radical addition and thioether elimination was investigated under transition-metal-free conditions. The methylthiyl radical species were generated in situ via the NH4I-mediated decomposition of DMSO following which EtOCS2K promoted the breaking of carbon–sulfur bonds of thioether. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions under lean electrolyte conditions. The strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are systematically presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have received widespread attention, and lean electrolyte Li–S batteries have attracted additional interest because of their higher energy densities. This review systematically analyzes the effect of the electrolyte-to-sulfur (E/S) ratios on battery energy density and the challenges for sulfur reduction reactions (SRR) under lean electrolyte conditions. Accordingly, we review the use of various polar transition metal sulfur hosts as corresponding solutions to facilitate SRR kinetics at low E/S ratios (< 10 µL mg−1), and the strengths and limitations of different transition metal compounds are presented and discussed from a fundamental perspective. Subsequently, three promising strategies for sulfur hosts that act as anchors and catalysts are proposed to boost lean electrolyte Li–S battery performance. Finally, an outlook is provided to guide future research on high energy density Li–S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) especially in acidic media remains the major challenge that still requires significant advances, both in material design and mechanistic exploration. In this study, the incorporation of cobalt in Y2‐xCoxRu2O7−δ results in an ultrahigh OER activity because of the charge redistribution at eg orbitals between Ru and Co atoms. The Y1.75Co0.25Ru2O7−δ electrocatalyst exhibits an extremely small overpotential of 275 mV in 0.5 m H2SO4 at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, which is smaller than that of parent Y2Ru2O7−δ (360 mV) and commercial RuO2 (286 mV) catalysts. The systematic investigation of the composition related to OER activity shows that the Co substitution will also bring other effective changes, such as reducing the bandgap, and creating oxygen vacancies, which result in fast OER charge transfer. Meanwhile, the strengthening of the bond hybridization between the d orbitals of metal (Y and Ru) and the 2p orbitals of O will intrinsically enhance the chemical stability. Finally, theoretical calculations indicate that cobalt substitution reduces the theoretical overpotential both through an adsorbate evolution mechanism and a lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MEG3 downregulated the expression in several tumors and inhibits human tumorigenesis. But so far, the mechanism of MEG3 in tumorigenesis is still unclear. Methods: In gene infection, cellular and molecular technologies and tumorigenesis test in vitro and in vivo were performed, respectively. Results: Our results indicate that MEG3 enhances the P53 expression by triggering the loading of P300 and RNA polymerase II onto its promoter regions dependent on HP1α. Moreover, MEG3 increases the methylation modification of histone H3 at the 27th lysine via P53. Furthermore, MEG3 inhibits the expression of TERT by increasing the H3K27me3 in TERT promoter regions, thereby inhibiting the activity of telomerase by reducing the binding of TERT to TERC. Furthermore, MEG3 also increases the expression of TERRA; therefore, the interaction between TERC and TERT was competitively attenuated by increasing the interaction between TERRA and TERT, which inhibits the activity of telomerase in hLCSCs. Strikingly, MEG3 reduces the length of telomere by blocking the formation of complex maintaining telomere length (POT1-Exo1-TRF2-SNM1B) and decreasing the binding of the complex to telomere by increasing the interplay between P53 and HULC. Ultimately, MEG3 inhibits the growth of hLCSCs by reducing the activity of telomerase and attenuating telomeric repeat binding factor 2(TRF2). Conclusions: Our results demonstrates MEG3 inhibits the occurrence of human liver cancer by blocking telomere, and these findings provide an important insight into the prevention and treatment of human liver cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing a titanium dioxide (TiO2)‐based anode with superior high‐rate capability and long‐term cycling stability is important for efficient energy storage. Herein, a simple one‐step approach for fabricating blue TiO2 nanoparticles with oxygen vacancies is reported. Oxygen vacancies can enlarge lattice spaces, lower charge transfer resistance, and provide more active sites in TiO2 lattices. As a result, this blue TiO2 electrode exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 50 mAh g−1 at 100 C (16 800 mA g−1) even after 10 000 cycles, which is attributable to the combination of surface capacitive process and remarkable diffusion‐controlled insertion revealed by the kinetic analysis. The strategy of employing oxygen‐deficient nanoparticles may be extended to the design of other robust semiconductor materials as electrodes for energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although CircHULC was overexpressed in several cancers, the role of CircHULC in malignancies has yet to be elucidated. Gene infection, tumorigenesis test in vitro and in vivo and the signaling pathway analysis were performed. our results indicate that CircHULC promotes growth of human liver cancer stem cells and the malignant differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells. Mechanistically, CircHULC enhances the methylation modification of PKM2 via CARM1 and the deacetylase Sirt1. Moreover, CircHULC enhances the binding ability of TP53INP2/DOR with LC3 and LC3 with ATG4, ATG3, ATG5, ATG12. Therefore, CircHULC promotes the formation of autophagosomes. In particular, the binding ability of phosphorylated Beclin1 (Ser14) to Vps15, Vps34, ATG14L were significantly increased after CircHULC was overexpressed. Strikingly, CircHULC affects the expression of chromatin reprogramming factors and oncogenes through autophagy. Thereafter, Oct4, Sox2, KLF4, Nanog, and GADD45 were significantly decreased and C-myc was increased after CircHULC was overexpressed. Thus, CircHULC promotes the expression of H-Ras, SGK, P70S6K, 4E-BP1, Jun, and AKT. Interestingly, both CARM1 and Sirt1 determine the cancerous function of CircHULC dependent on autophagy. we shed light on the fact that the targeted attenuation of deregulated functioning of CircHULC could be a viable approach for cancer treatment, and CircHULC may acts as the potential biomarker and therapeutic target for liver cancer. • CircHULC enhances the methylation modification of PKM2 via CARM1 and the deacetylase Sirt1. • CircHULC affects the expression of chromatin reprogramming factors and oncogenes through autophagy. • CARM1 and Sirt1 determine the cancerous function of CircHULC dependent on autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anodic electrodeposition of metal-organic framework (MOF) films is driven by the anodic dissolution of a metal substrate. However, the anodic dissolution of the substrate weakens the MOF-substrate adhesion and leads to the detachment of the MOF films, limiting the thickness of the MOF films that can be deposited with this technique. In this work, we propose a strategy to improve the adhesion of MOF films by pre-depositing MOF particles into the substrate as "anchors". This strategy makes it possible to grow much thicker MOF films by anodic deposition (≥40 μm). Nano-scratch tests show that the MOF films on the substrate with embedded MOF particles have a much higher adhesion strength than those prepared on the non-modified substrates. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) experiments indicate that the pre-embedded MOF particles can directly grow during the anodic deposition process, which accounts for the high MOF-substrate adhesion strength. Due to the applicability of the co-deposition of metal and MOF particles, this strategy may expand to the growth of a range of MOF films on different conductive substrates. [Display omitted] • A facile strategy to prepare thick anodic electrodeposited MOF films. • The anodic electrodeposition of the HKUST-1 films on the modified substrate is investigated in detail. • The synthesized HKUST-1 films exhibit strong adhesion to the substrate. • The roles of the pre-deposited MOF particles on the growth of MOF films are studied. • The strategy can be extended to other conductive substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Novel oxygen permeable perovskite hollow fiber membrane with surface wrinkles was synthesised. • Sliver as a second phase catalyst could be anchored in the crevices of the wrinkles. • The wrinkled hollow fiber membranes are promising catalyst carrier. Oxygen permeable ceramic hollow fiber perovskite membranes could be applied as the micro-membrane reactors for high temperature oxidations to integrate air separation and reaction in same unit. Membrane reactors normally require the loading of extra catalyst. However, how to anchor the catalysts in these hollow fiber structured reactors along the surface is a big issue. In this work, the synthesis and properties of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3-δ (LSCF) hollow fiber perovskite membranes with wrinkled surface was reported. This article demonstrates its applicability for oxygen separation from air, before and after Ag deposition as the catalyst in the wrinkles of the hollow fibers. The wrinkled membranes display the oxygen permeation flux of 0.62 (prior to Ag deposition) and 1.48 (after Ag loading) mL·min−1·cm−2 operated at 950 °C, which is 1.2 and 3.0 times the permeation flux of membranes without wrinkles, respectively. This research contributes a novel inorganic hollow fiber membrane with wrinkled surfaces as the catalyst bed for industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]