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The finite periodic arrangement of functional nanomaterials on the two‐dimensional scale enables the integration and enhancement of individual properties, making them an important research topic in the field of tuneable nanodevices. Although layer‐controllable lattices such as graphene have been successfully synthesized, achieving similar control over colloidal nanoparticles remains a challenge. DNA origami technology has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in programmed nanoparticle assembly. Based on this technology, we proposed a hierarchical assembly strategy to construct a universal DNA origami platform with customized layer properties, which we called 2.5‐dimensional (2.5D) DNA origami crystals. Methodologically, this strategy divides the assembly procedure into two steps: 1) array synthesis, and 2) lattice synthesis, which means that the layer properties, including layer number, interlayer distance, and surface morphology, can be flexibly customized based on the independent designs in each step. In practice, these synthesized 2.5D crystals not only pioneer the expansion of the DNA origami crystal library to a wider range of dimensions, but also highlight the technological potential for templating 2.5D colloidal nanomaterial lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The finite periodic arrangement of functional nanomaterials on the two‐dimensional scale enables the integration and enhancement of individual properties, making them an important research topic in the field of tuneable nanodevices. Although layer‐controllable lattices such as graphene have been successfully synthesized, achieving similar control over colloidal nanoparticles remains a challenge. DNA origami technology has achieved remarkable breakthroughs in programmed nanoparticle assembly. Based on this technology, we proposed a hierarchical assembly strategy to construct a universal DNA origami platform with customized layer properties, which we called 2.5‐dimensional (2.5D) DNA origami crystals. Methodologically, this strategy divides the assembly procedure into two steps: 1) array synthesis, and 2) lattice synthesis, which means that the layer properties, including layer number, interlayer distance, and surface morphology, can be flexibly customized based on the independent designs in each step. In practice, these synthesized 2.5D crystals not only pioneer the expansion of the DNA origami crystal library to a wider range of dimensions, but also highlight the technological potential for templating 2.5D colloidal nanomaterial lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM), as one of the core technologies in intelligent robotics, has gained substantial attention in recent years. Addressing the limitations of SLAM systems in dynamic environments, this research proposes a system specifically designed for plant factory transportation environments, named GY-SLAM. GY-SLAM incorporates a lightweight target detection network, GY, based on YOLOv5, which utilizes GhostNet as the backbone network. This integration is further enhanced with CoordConv coordinate convolution, CARAFE up-sampling operators, and the SE attention mechanism, leading to simultaneous improvements in detection accuracy and model complexity reduction. While mAP@0.5 increased by 0.514% to 95.364, the model simultaneously reduced the number of parameters by 43.976%, computational cost by 46.488%, and model size by 41.752%. Additionally, the system constructs pure static octree maps and grid maps. Tests conducted on the TUM dataset and a proprietary dataset demonstrate that GY-SLAM significantly outperforms ORB-SLAM3 in dynamic scenarios in terms of system localization accuracy and robustness. It shows a remarkable 92.59% improvement in RMSE for Absolute Trajectory Error (ATE), along with a 93.11% improvement in RMSE for the translational drift of Relative Pose Error (RPE) and a 92.89% improvement in RMSE for the rotational drift of RPE. Compared to YOLOv5s, the GY model brings a 41.5944% improvement in detection speed and a 17.7975% increase in SLAM operation speed to the system, indicating strong competitiveness and real-time capabilities. These results validate the effectiveness of GY-SLAM in dynamic environments and provide substantial support for the automation of logistics tasks by robots in specific contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To observe the outcome of bilateral femtosecond laser-assisted clear lens extraction with trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation for presbyopia correction and evaluate its feasibility in early presbyopic adults. Methods: Prospective case series of eyes with clear crystalline lenses that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted lens extraction and trifocal IOL (Acrysof IQ PanOptix, Model TFNT00, Alcon) implantation between 2021 and 2023 were followed up for at least 3 months after surgery. Outcome measures included monocular uncorrected visual acuity at near (UNVA, 40 cm), intermediate (UIVA, 60 cm), and distance (UDVA, 5 m), monocular manifest refraction, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), defocus curve assessment, and spectacle independence at both near and distance. Results: A total of 60 eyes from 30 consecutive patients were included, and their mean age was 50.4± 6.5 years. After surgery, the mean UNVA (LogMAR) increased from 0.28± 0.16 to 0.08± 0.07, UIVA increased from 0.25± 0.12 to 0.09± 0.06, and UDVA increased from 0.27± 0.21 to 0.01± 0.08. The enhancements of UNVA, UIVA and UDVA were all significant (P < 0.05). The optometric results showed that the mean postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was − 0.21± 0.24 D, and the mean postoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was − 0.00± 0.06. The preoperative spectacle independences at near and distance were 46.7% (14/30) and 56.7% (17/30), respectively, and both increased to 100% at 3 months after surgery. Conclusion: Satisfactory visual outcomes and safe surgical procedures were observed in this study, which demonstrate that bilateral femtosecond laser-assisted clear lens extraction with PanOptix IOL implantation could be a feasible approach for presbyopia correction in working-age Chinese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the terrain adaptability, flexibility, and stability requirement of the agricultural power chassis when driving in complex terrain and narrow fields in hilly and mountainous areas, an arch waist power chassis suitable for a narrow plot with strong ground adaptability is designed. On the undulating road surface, the longitudinal pitch of the track can be used for active and passive ground copying to exert the maximum driving force. Through the theoretical analysis of the whole machine, it is obtained that the minimum turning radius of the chassis is 568.5 mm between the two rear wheels, which is about 34.12% of the length of the whole machine. The longitudinal uphill slip angle α φ is 26.9–42.84°, and the longitudinal downhill slip angle α φ ′ is 29.28–43.7°. Finally, the performance test of the whole machine is carried out. The test results show that the arch waist power chassis has a minimum turning radius of 1230.7 mm in field driving, which has good steering maneuverability and can adapt to the narrow operating environment in hilly and mountainous areas; the longitudinal downhill slip angle is 32°, and the longitudinal uphill slip angle is 28°. The longitudinal downhill slip angle is about 1.14 times the longitudinal uphill slip angle, and the lateral slope slip angle is 27°, which meets the requirements for stable operation in hilly and mountainous terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine and evaluate the distribution, variation, and determinants of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) grayscale value with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in normal eyes. In this cross-sectional study, three hundred ninety-seven normal eyes from 397 healthy Chinese adults aged 18–80 were consecutively recruited from a tertiary eye care center. An SD-OCT instrument took pRNFL imaging. We used a customized software to measure pRNFL parameters, including thickness and grayscale value. Univariable and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between pRNFL grayscale value with ocular (e.g., axial length [A.L.], spherical equivalent [S.E.], intraocular pressure [IOP]), and systemic (e.g., age, sex) factors. A total of 397 eyes from 397 healthy subjects were included in the final analysis with mean (± SD) age 44.63 ± 16.43 years (range 18–80 years) and 196 (49.4%) males. The mean average of pRNFL grayscale value and thickness 164.82 ± 5.69 and 106.68 ± 8.89 μm, respectively. pRNFL grayscale value in nasal sectors (163.26 ± 9.31) was significantly lower comparing those in all other five sectors (all with p < 0.001)]. In multivariable analysis, average pRNFL grayscale value was independently correlated to older age (β = − 0.053, p = 0.002), longer axial length (β = − 0.664, p = 0.003), lower RPE grayscale value (β = 0.372, p < 0.001) and lower ImageQ (β = 0.658, p < 0.001). In this study, we provided normative SD-OCT data on the pRNFL grayscale value profile in nonglaucomatous eyes. Lower average pRNFL grayscale value was independently correlated to older age, longer axial length, lower RPE grayscale value, and lower ImageQ. These determinants should be considered when interpreting pRNFL grayscale value in glaucoma assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qingke Pingchuan granules (QPGs), which contain Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Fritillaria cirrhosa, fired licorice, and fired bitter almonds, among other components, can clear heat and ventilate the lungs, relieving cough and asthma. Clinically, QPGs are mainly used to treat cough, asthma, fever and other discomforts caused by acute or chronic bronchitis. In this study, the antiviral activity of QPGs against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1), oseltamivir-resistant H1N1, A/Beijing/32/92 (H3N2), Sendai virus, and human adenovirus type 3 in Hep-2 or MDCK cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 method, and the cytotoxicity of QPGs to these two cell lines was tested. The effect of QPGs on mice infected with influenza A virus A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) was evaluated by measuring body weight, survival time, and survival rate, as well as virus titers and lesions in the lungs and levels of inflammatory factors in serum. In addition, the expression of TLR-7-My88-NF-κB signaling pathway–related proteins in lung tissues was analyzed by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. The results showed that QPGs had a potent inhibitory effect on the six viruses tested in vitro. Interestingly, QPGs also displayed particularly pronounced antiviral activity against H1N1-OC, similar to that of oseltamivir, a well-known antiviral drug. QPGs effectively protected mice from infection by H1N1, as indicated by significantly increased body weights, survival times, and survival rates and reduced lung virus titers of inflammatory factors and lung tissue injury. The levels of TLR-7-MyD88-NF-κB-pathway-related proteins in the lung tissue of infected mice were found to be decreased after QPG treatment, thereby alleviating lung injury caused by excessive release of inflammatory factors. Taken together, these findings indicate that QPGs have satisfactory activity against influenza virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model for automated detection of the laterality of the eye on anterior segment photographs. Anterior segment photographs for training a DL model were collected with the Scheimpflug anterior segment analyzer. We applied transfer learning and fine-tuning of pre-trained deep convolutional neural networks (InceptionV3, VGG16, MobileNetV2) to develop DL models for determining the eye laterality. Testing datasets, from Scheimpflug and slit-lamp digital camera photography, were employed to test the DL model, and the results were compared with a classification performed by human experts. The performance of the DL model was evaluated by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, operating characteristic curves, and corresponding area under the curve values. A total of 14,468 photographs were collected for the development of DL models. After training for 100 epochs, the DL models of the InceptionV3 mode achieved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.998 (with 95% CI 0.924–0.958) for detecting eye laterality. In the external testing dataset (76 primary gaze photographs taken by a digital camera), the DL model achieves an accuracy of 96.1% (95% CI 91.7%–100%), which is better than an accuracy of 72.3% (95% CI 62.2%–82.4%), 82.8% (95% CI 78.7%–86.9%) and 86.8% (95% CI 82.5%–91.1%) achieved by human graders. Our study demonstrated that this high-performing DL model can be used for automated labeling for the laterality of eyes. Our DL model is useful for managing a large volume of the anterior segment images with a slit-lamp camera in the clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop a deep learning (DL) model for automated detection of glaucoma and to compare diagnostic capability against hand-craft features (HCFs) based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) images. Methods: A DL model with pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) based was trained using a retrospective training set of 1501 pRNFL OCT images, which included 690 images from 153 glaucoma patients and 811 images from 394 normal subjects. The DL model was further tested in an independent test set of 50 images from 50 glaucoma patients and 52 images from 52 normal subjects. A customized software was used to extract and measure HCFs including pRNFL thickness in average and four different sectors. Area under the receiver operator characteristics (AROC) curves was calculated to compare the diagnostic capability between DL model and hand-crafted pRNFL parameters. Results: In this study, the DL model achieved an AROC of 0.99 [CI: 0.97 to 1.00] which was significantly larger than the AROC values of all other HCFs (AROCs 0.661 with 95% CI 0.549 to 0.772 for temporal sector, AROCs 0.696 with 95% CI 0.549 to 0.799 for nasal sector, AROCs 0.913 with 95% CI 0.855 to 0.970 for superior sector, AROCs 0.938 with 95% CI 0.894 to 0.982 for inferior sector, and AROCs 0.895 with 95% CI 0.832 to 0.957 for average). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that DL models based on pre-trained CNN are capable of identifying glaucoma with high sensitivity and specificity based on SD-OCT pRNFL images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) can ameliorate ischemic injury of various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms involved remain to be clarified. In this study, we intend to investigate the effects of BMSC‐derived conditioned medium (BMSC‐CM) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced injury of H9c2 myocardial cells, and the potential mechanisms. Cell injury was determined through level of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, total intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and cell apoptosis. Autophagic activity of cells was detected through levels of the autophagy‐associated proteins and autophagic flux. Results showed that BMSC‐CM alleviated H/R‐induced injury in H9c2 cells, as demonstrated by increased cell viability and Δψm, decreased ROS production, LDH release, and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the H/R treatment induced a decrease in autophagic activity and an increase in Notch2 signaling activation in H9c2 cells. In the presence of BMSC‐CM, the autophagic activity impaired by the H/R treatment was upregulated with decreased phosphorylation of mTOR, and the activation of Notch2 signaling was downregulated. These effects of BMSC‐CM could be replicated by Notch signaling inhibitor. In contrast, inhibitors of cell autophagy including chloroquine (CQ) and 3‐methyladenine, diminished the protective effects of BMSC‐CM. Taken together results, our study showed that BMSC‐CM could protect H9c2 cells from H/R‐induced injury potentially through regulating Notch2/mTOR/autophagy signaling. These findings may provide a novel insight into the mechanisms of BMSC‐CM in therapy of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury as well as other ischemic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil amino acids (AAs) are the most active components of soil N, which can be mineralized or absorbed by bacteria as N and C sources. We hypothesized that exogenous AAs could regulate the bacterial community and affect soil N cycling, and the effect sizes could vary depending on individual AAs. Here, we applied feather (keratin)-based compost rich in AAs to Poncirus trifoliata (L.) to evaluate the regulation of bacterial community by AAs; furthermore, we applied six individual AAs to test their effects. The compost significantly increased soil hydrolysable AA content, ammonia monooxygenase gene abundance, and plant growth and changed bacterial community structure. Redundancy analysis revealed that the effects of AAs on the bacterial community composition were greater than those of soil chemical properties, and phenylalanine (Phe) was the most effective among thirteen individual AAs. When applied individually, Phe caused the greatest increase in N cycling-related enzyme activity and plant growth and most significantly altered the bacterial community structure among the six exogenous AAs. Notably, Phe significantly increased the relative abundances of Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia , Azospirillum , Cupriavidus , and Achromobacter , whose abundances were significantly positively correlated with plant biomass, and significantly reduced the relative abundances of Arachidicoccus , Pseudopedobacter , Sphingobacterium , and Paenibacillus , whose abundances were significantly negatively correlated with plant biomass. We demonstrate that soil AAs strongly shape the bacterial community. Particularly, Phe enhances N cycling and plant growth by increasing the potentially beneficial bacterial taxa and inhibiting the potentially harmful bacterial taxa, which needs further validation. • Feather-based compost is rich in amino acids (AAs). • AA-rich compost greatly altered bacterial community and increased plant growth. • AAs had a greater impact on bacterial community than soil chemical properties. • Exogenous Phe enhanced soil N cycling and plant growth more than other AAs. • Exogenous Phe increased the beneficial bacteria and inhibited the harmful bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cbf-14 with the sequence RLLRKFFRKLKKSV, is an effective antimicrobial peptide derived from a cathelin-like domain. Previous reports have demonstrated that Cbf-14 not only exerts antimicrobial activity against penicillin-resistant bacteria but also alleviates bacterial-induced inflammation in E. coli BL21 (DE3)-NDM-1-infected mice. In this article, we demonstrated that Cbf-14 can effectively reduce RAW 264.7 intracellular infection caused by clinical strain E. coli and alleviate the inflammatory response of cells and improve cell survival after infection. Therefore, we established the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell inflammation model to uncover the molecular mechanisms of the peptide Cbf-14 in anti-inflammatory activity. The results reveal that Cbf-14 can decrease LPS-induced ROS secretion by blocking the membrane translocation of p47-phox subunits and suppressing p47-phox protein phosphorylation. Meanwhile, this peptide can down-regulate the over-expression of iNOS, and finally inhibit the NO excessive secretion from RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS. Moreover, Cbf-14 also down-regulates the expression levels of p-IκB and p-p65 and inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-κB through blocking MAPK- and/or PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Overall, Cbf-14 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting NF-κB activity and ROS production via PI3K- Akt signaling pathway. • Cbf-14 can effectively eliminate bacteria inside of the RAW 264.7 macrophages. • Cbf-14 can improve cell viability and relieve inflammation after infection. • Cbf-14 can decrease ROS and iNOS production. • This activity is mediated by PI3K- Akt /ROS/ NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polypropylene (PP)/polyolefin elastomer (POE; ethylene–octene copolymer) blends with varying weight percentages of POE were prepared in a twin-screw extruder and molded through high shear rate injection-molding process. The morphologies and rheology of the PP/POE blends were systematically investigated based on rheological data and experimental analysis. The results indicate that the polymer blends of plastic and rubber in a high shear stress field result in a multilayered microstructure, which can be divided into skin, transitional, shear, and core layers according to the morphology of the dispersed phase. The morphology formation of the dispersed phase depends on the shear field and temperature field in the processing. Morphological evolution of the dispersed POE phases in PP matrix was described and quantified. A dragging ellipsoid model and capillary number were employed to describe the morphological evolution of the dispersed phase, and the morphological parameters were obtained. The results show that the dragging ellipsoid model is well suited to explain the morphological evolution of the dispersed phase in polymer blends molded under high shear rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies contend that latent heating (LH) will replace sensible heating (SH) to become the dominant factor affecting the development of the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) after it moves off the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, in the process of the TPV moving off the TP requires that the airmass traverse the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau (ESTP) where the topography and diabatic heating (DH) conditions rapidly change. How LH gradually replaces SH to become the dominant factor in the development of the TPV over the ESTP is still not very clear. In this paper, an analysis of a typical case of a TPV with a long life history over the ESTP is performed by using multi-sourced meteorological data and model simulations. The results show that SH from the TP surface can change the TPV-associated precipitation distribution by temperature advection after the TPV moves off the TP. The LH can then directly promote the development of the TPV and has a certain guiding effect on the track of the TPV. The SH can control the active area of LH by changing the falling area of the TPV-associated precipitation, so it still plays a key role in the development and tracking of the TPV even though it has moved out of the main body of the TP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most famous Chinese vinegars, Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), is produced with solid-state fermentation technology. Total antioxidant activity (TAC) is a special property for SAV. In this study, we investigate correlations between total antioxidant activity (TAC) and total polyphenol (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents of SAV, especially during the brewing process. For SAV, TAC, TP, and TF increased with the increase of aging time. The correlation coefficients between TAC and TP were 0.869 and 0.934, respectively, when analyzed with the method of ABTS and FRAP. They were 0.828 (ABTS) and 0.877 (FRAP) between the TAC and TF. In smoking pei stage that is a special technique for SAV different from other Chinese cereal vinegars, TAC increased by 120% (ABTS) and 111% (FRAP) mainly due to the increase of TP (89%) and TF (75%), which was more obvious than that during alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation stages. Moreover, variation during brewing process of 8 main polyphenol compounds that were proved responsible for the TAC of SAV was analyzed. In addition to catechins and chlorogenic acid, gallic acid serves as one of the principal antioxidant ingredients in SAV. Practical Application Total antioxidant activity (TAC) of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), which is highly correlated with total polyphenol and total flavonoid, increased with aging time, however, there is a little loss of total antioxidant after more than 8 y. During the brewing process smoking pei technique is important for enhancing the TAC of SAV suggesting critical controlled and thoroughly study of smoking pei stage are needed to improve the quality of SAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional ground-wheeled vehicles usually have poor trafficability, low efficiency, a large amount of energy consumption and possible failure when driving on soft terrain. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new design of transformable wheels for use in an amphibious all-terrain vehicle. The wheel has two extreme working statuses: unfolded walking-wheel and folded rigid wheel. Furthermore, the kinematic characteristics of the transformable wheel were studied using a kinematic method. When the wheel is unfolded at walking-wheel status, the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the wheel with different slip rates were analyzed. The stress condition is studied by using a classic soil mechanics method when the transformable wheel is driven on soft terrain. The relationship among wheel traction, wheel parameters and soil deformation under the stress were obtained. The results show that both the wheel traction and trafficability can be improved by using the proposed transformable wheel. Finally, a finite element model is established based on the vehicle terramechanics, and the interaction result between the transformable wheel and elastic–plastic soil is simulated when the transformable wheel is driven at different unfold angles. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis, which verifies the applicability and effectiveness of the transformable wheel developed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A technique for the removal of quinoline insolubles (QI) and ash in coal tar pitch (CTP) using a high-voltage electrostatic field (EF) was developed. QI and ash removal were carried out under an electrical field strength of 2.25×105 V/m and a temperature of 35°C with oil washing as the solvent. The results showed that QI and ash can be deposited onto cathodes under optimal conditions. CTP obtained via the proposed treatment was QI-free and of low ash content. For comparison, QI removal using the centrifugal method (CM) was also performed. The deposits on the cathode were analyzed using X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. The findings confirmed that the products obtained through EF and CM have very similar features. However, the energy consumption of EF during QI and ash removal was only one-twelfth that of CM. The proposed technique may be easily implemented in the industry scale and the deposits could be conveniently cleared from the cathode. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In light of the life course perspective, this semistructured interview study with 29 grandparents involved in the caregiving of their grandchildren in Chinese immigrant families revealed three major themes: intergenerational connectedness and continuity of cultural practices, role varieties and responsibilities, and adjustment and adaptation. Despite immigration, Chinese grandparents continued the tradition of providing care to grandchildren. Although the grandparent role entailed responsibilities and there were adjustments to make when living in the new place, overall, grandparents considered their caregiving experiences positive. Support to these grandparents, however, was needed at both family and community levels to ensure their stay in the United States and their continuous contribution to their adult children's lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of new methods to control material structure has historically been dominating the material science. The bottom-up self-assembly strategy by taking atom/molecule/ensembles in nanoscale as building blocks and crystallization as a driving force bring hope for material fabrication. DNA-grafted nanoparticle has emerged as a "programmable atom equivalent" and was employed for the assembly of hierarchically ordered three-dimensional superlattice with novel properties and studying the unknown assembly mechanism due to its programmability and versatility in the binding capabilities. In this review, we highlight the assembly strategies and rules of DNA-grafted three-dimensional superlattice, dynamic assembly by different driving factors, and discuss their future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Vulnerable plaque rupture is responsible for acute cardiovascular diseases. • Macrophages apoptosis impacts plaque stability. • 7-difluoromethoxy-5,4′-dimethoxy-genistein attenuates macrophages apoptosis. • TIPE2/TLR4 axis plays an important role in the regulation of macrophages apoptosis. Promoting plaque stability is of great significance for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. 7-difluoromethoxy-5,4′-dimethoxygenistein (DFMG) is a novel active compound synthesized using genistein, which exerts anti-atherosclerotic effect. In this study, we evaluated effects of DFMG on plaque stability in ApoE−/− mice fed with high fat diet (HFD), and explored the molecular mechanism by using ApoE−/−TLR4−/− mice and RAW264.7 cells. Here, we found that DFMG significantly reduced plaque areas, macrophages infiltration and apoptosis, and TLR4 expression in HFD-fed ApoE−/− mice. Meanwhile, DFMG increased collagen fibers, smooth muscle cells and TIPE2 expression in plaques and media. Besides, TLR4 knockout promoted the protective effects of DFMG on plaques. In vitro , DFMG decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced macrophages apoptosis and TLR4, while upregulated TIPE2. Moreover, TIPE2 reduced TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65Ser276, cleaved Caspase-3 overproduction, and enhanced effects of DFMG on LPC-induced macrophages. Overall, our study demonstrates that DFMG can promote plaque stability by reducing macrophage apoptosis through TIPE2/TLR4 signaling pathway, which suggests DFMG should be used to develop food additives or drugs for preventing atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic vascular inflammatory response is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular disease. Genistein (GEN), a natural compound, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of GEN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic vascular inflammatory response in mice and explore the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of LPS to induce chronic vascular inflammation. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and microRNA (miR)-21 in the vasculature were detected via reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR. The protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NF-κB p65 were detected via western blotting. NF-κB p65 was also analyzed via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (IF). In addition, after transfection with miR-21 mimic or inhibitor for 24 h, vascular endothelial cells (VECs) were treated with GEN and LPS. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, miR-21 and iNOS, and the protein levels of iNOS and NF-κB p65, respectively. IF was used to measure NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. The results revealed that GEN significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-associated vascular factors in LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice, including TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS, NF-κB p65 and miR-21. Furthermore, miR-21 antagomir enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of GEN. In LPS-induced VECs, miR-21 mimic increased inflammation-associated factor expression and attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of GEN, whereas miR-21 inhibitor induced opposing effects. Therefore, the results of the present study suggested that GEN inhibited chronic vascular inflammatory response in mice, which may be associated with the inhibition of VEC inflammatory injury via the miR-21/NF-κB p65 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study of 144 Chinese unmarried female students enrolled in South China Normal University in Guangzhou, China who agreed that household chores and tasks should be equally shared between marital partners. Entitlement of women to careers; Views on premarital and extramarital affairs.

This study develops analytical equations for estimating the rigidity index of sand from the compression index and the angle of internal friction. Therefore, rigidity indices of sands can be determined based on routine geotechnical oedometer tests and direct shear tests. A total of 132 oedometer and direct shear tests are performed on 22 sands with various particle shapes, sizes, and gradations to determine their rigidity indices under different relative densities. Then, relationships between rigidity indices of sands and their intrinsic properties are explored. A material index by integrating particle shape and coefficient of uniformity is proposed to quantify effects of intrinsic properties of sands. This material index is used to develop a predictive model for rigidity index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil peony is an important oil crop, which has high quality and oil content. In order to improve the cutting quality and harvest efficiency of oil peony, the cutting equipment of the pruning machine and harvester is a key component. Also, the accurate prediction of cutting force of oil peony stalk is one of the essential processes for the design of the cutting equipment. In this article, to accurately predicted the cutting force of the stalk, the physical property parameters and chemical components were considered as influencing factors, which were used to establish the model of mechanical property parameter of oil peony stalk. The physical property parameters of oil peony stalk included the stalk diameter, internode distance, fresh weight, dry weight, relative moisture content, volume, fresh density, and dry density. The chemical components of the stalk were cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Besides, the modeling methods, which were the partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component analysis (PCA) couple with multiple linear regression (MLR), and grey relational analysis (GRA) couple with MLR, were used to optimize the multiple parameters (physical property parameters and chemical components). The results showed that the internode distance and relative moisture content had significant effects on the cutting force of oil peony stalk. The R c 2 and R p 2 values of the GRA (0.5) + MLR method were 0.801 and 0.820, and RMSEC and RMSEP values were 2.862N and 4.715N, respectively. Consequently, the GRA + MLR method could be used to predict the cutting force of oil peony stalk, which was an important basis for the design of precision cutting equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoswitching of photoluminescence has sparked tremendous research interests for super‐resolution imaging, high‐security‐level anti‐counterfeiting, and other high‐tech applications. However, the excitation of photoluminescence is usually ready to trigger the photoswitching process, making the photoluminescence readout unreliable. Herein, we report a new photoswitch by the marriage of spiropyran with platinum(II) coordination complex. Viable photoluminescence can be achieved upon excitation by 480 nm visible light while the photoswitching can be easily triggered by 365 nm UV light. The feasible photoswitching may be benefited from the formed liquid crystalline (LC) phase of the designed photoswitch as a crystalline spiropyran is normally unable to implement photoswitching. Compared to the counterparts, this LC photoswitch can show distinct and reliable apparent colors and emission colors before and after photoswitching, which may promise the utility in high‐security‐level anti‐counterfeiting and other advanced information technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multimode photopatterning systems based on supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) is considerably attractive in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, because SCCs can serve as promising platforms for the incorporation of multiple functional building blocks. Herein, we report a light‐responsive liquid‐crystalline metallacycle that is constructed by coordination‐driven self‐assembly. By exploiting its fascinating liquid crystal features, bright emission properties, and facile photocyclization capability, a unique system with spatially‐controlled fluorescence‐resonance energy transfer (FRET) is built through the introduction of a photochromic spiropyran derivative, which led to the realization of the first example of a liquid‐crystalline metallacycle for orthogonal photopatterning in three‐modes, namely holography, fluorescence, and photochromism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of multimode photopatterning systems based on supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) is considerably attractive in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, because SCCs can serve as promising platforms for the incorporation of multiple functional building blocks. Herein, we report a light‐responsive liquid‐crystalline metallacycle that is constructed by coordination‐driven self‐assembly. By exploiting its fascinating liquid crystal features, bright emission properties, and facile photocyclization capability, a unique system with spatially‐controlled fluorescence‐resonance energy transfer (FRET) is built through the introduction of a photochromic spiropyran derivative, which led to the realization of the first example of a liquid‐crystalline metallacycle for orthogonal photopatterning in three‐modes, namely holography, fluorescence, and photochromism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Polymer network with CF 3 SO 2 - substituted aza-ether based anion receptor units is in-situ integrated on PE separator. • Anion receptor units anchor lithium thiophosphates and polysulfides through Lewis acid-base interaction. • Lithium thiophosphates promote kinetics and decrease the interfacial energy barrier of the polysulfides reactions. The adsorption-catalysis synergy for accelerated conversion of polysulfides is critical toward the electrochemical stability of lithium-sulfur battery (LSB). Herein, a non-metallic polymer network with anion receptor units, trifluoromethanesulfonyl (CF 3 SO 2 -) substituted aza-ether, was in-situ integrated on PE separator, working as an efficient host for anchoring lithium thiophosphates (LPS) as redox mediators and polysulfides through Lewis acid-base interaction. The anchored LPS on the modified PE separator displayed a robust chemical adsorption ability towards polysulfides through the formation of S S bond. Meanwhile, LPS decreased the energy barrier of Li 2 S nucleation and promoted redox reaction kinetics. The battery with LPS decorated separator revealed a long cycling lifespan with a per cycle decay of 0.056 % after 600 cycles, and a competitive initial capacity of 889.1 mAh/g when the of sulfur cathode increased to 3 mg cm−2. This work developed a new design strategy to promote the utilization of lithium phosphorus sulfide compounds in LSB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidentally, it was found that triphenylamine (TPA) from commercial sources shows ultralong yellow‐green room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) like commercial carbazole, which however disappears for lab‐synthesized TPA with high purity. Herein, we for the first time identify the impurity types that cause RTP of commercial TPA, which are two N, N‐diphenyl‐naphthylamine isomers. Due to similar molecular polarity and very trace amount (≈0.8 ‰, molar ratio), these naphthyl substituted impurities can be easily overlooked. We further show that even at an extremely low amount (1000000 : 1, mass ratio) of impurities, RTP emission is still generated, attributed to the triplet‐to‐triplet energy transfer mechanism. Notably, this doping strategy is also applicable to the triphenylphosphine and benzophenone host systems, of which strong RTP emission can be activated by simply doping the corresponding naphthyl substituted analogues into them. This work therefore provides a general and efficient host/guest strategy toward high performance and diverse organic RTP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accidentally, it was found that triphenylamine (TPA) from commercial sources shows ultralong yellow‐green room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) like commercial carbazole, which however disappears for lab‐synthesized TPA with high purity. Herein, we for the first time identify the impurity types that cause RTP of commercial TPA, which are two N, N‐diphenyl‐naphthylamine isomers. Due to similar molecular polarity and very trace amount (≈0.8 ‰, molar ratio), these naphthyl substituted impurities can be easily overlooked. We further show that even at an extremely low amount (1000000 : 1, mass ratio) of impurities, RTP emission is still generated, attributed to the triplet‐to‐triplet energy transfer mechanism. Notably, this doping strategy is also applicable to the triphenylphosphine and benzophenone host systems, of which strong RTP emission can be activated by simply doping the corresponding naphthyl substituted analogues into them. This work therefore provides a general and efficient host/guest strategy toward high performance and diverse organic RTP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. To report the outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy in eyes with extreme myopia (-30 diopters or more). Case Presentation. Three patients with cataract, vitreous opacities, and extreme myopia of more than -30 diopters underwent a combined surgical procedure of cataract extraction combined with vitrectomy. Postoperative refractive correction of the three cases ranged from -1.0 D to -2.5 D spherical equivalent. There was an obvious hyperopic shift of all cases. All patients noted a significant improvement in uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity from 0.4 to 0.8 in case 1, from CF/70 cm to 1.0 in case 2, and from 0.12 to 0.5 in the right eye and 0.15 to 0.2 in the left eye in case 3. Vitreous floaters disappeared in all cases. No complications were noted during follow-up. Conclusions. To the best of the authors' knowledge, these represent the first reported clinical cases of combined cataract extraction+vitrectomy surgery in eyes with extreme (>-30 D) myopia. Our results support the notion that phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy may be a good therapeutic option for cataracts and vitreous floaters in cases with extreme myopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a major complication of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Compound Qiying Granules (CQYG) for DPN. Methods: Rats and RSC96 cells of DPN models were established to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CQYG. Then the morphology and apoptotic changes of sciatic nerves were detected. Further, tandem mass tag based quantitative proteomics technology was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Protein expression of key signaling pathways was also detected. Results: CQYG treatment significantly improved blood glucose and oxidative stress levels, and further reduced nerve fiber myelination lesions, denervation, and apoptosis in DPN rats. Further, 2176 DEPs were found in CQYG treated DPN rats. Enrichment analysis showed that protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and apoptosis were all inhibited after CQYG treatment. Next, CQYG treatment reduced inflammatory factor expression, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in RSC96 cells which induced by high glucose. Transmission electron microscopy results found that CQYG treatment improved the morphology of nerve myelin, mitochondria, and ER. CQYG treatment decreased ER stress and apoptosis pathway proteins that were highly expressed in DPN models. In addition, we also predicted the potential targets of CQYG in DEPs. Conclusions: CQYG exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental diabetic neuropathy through anti-ER stress and anti-apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of non‐covalent interaction similar to hydrogen bond, halogen bond has become an important supramolecular tool in crystal engineering, material chemistry, biological science, etc., due to its unique properties. In fact, halogen bond has been confirmed on the effect of molecular assemblies and soft materials, and widely used in various functional soft materials including liquid crystals, gels and polymers. In recent years, halogen bonding has aroused strong interest in inducing molecular assembly into low‐molecular‐weight gels (LMWGs). To the best of our knowledge, there is still a lack of in‐depth review of this field. So, in this paper, the recent progress of LMWGs driven by halogen bonding is reviewed. According to the number of components forming halogen bonded gels, the structural characteristics of halogen bonded supramolecular gels, the relationship between halogen bonding and other non‐covalent interactions, as well as the application fields of halogen bonded gels are introduced, respectively. In addition, the challenges faced by halogenated supramolecular gels at present and their development prospects in future have been proposed. We believe that the halogen bonded gel will have more impressive applications in the next few years, opening exciting new opportunities for the development of soft materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the rates of loneliness which Chinese and American college students experience. Similarities and differences in perception of loneliness viewed by the students; Findings of studies conducted.

Bright structural color derived from the unique helical superstructure of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) has attracted much attention. In addition, fluorescence color is an intrinsic emission upon excitation, which can be observed often under UV light. However, it is a challenge to combine the fluorescence and structural colors to construct a self‐supporting system at the same time. In this work, a photoresponsive cyanostilbene‐based gelator (CSpy‐C10) is synthesized, which emits blue fluorescence in LC. CSpy‐C10 can gel LCs and further construct thermo‐/photoresponsive CLC physical gels. The structural color of the CLCs, fluorescence, and mechanical properties of the gels can be independently regulated due to the separation of the chiral unit and photoresponsive unit with aggregation‐induced emission behavior. Finally, the reversible information encryption including writing and erasing based on the changes in fluorescence are explored. This kind of two‐color material can be applied in the fields ranging from information encryption, fluorescent display to high‐tech anticounterfeiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the rapid transport of lithium ions (Li+) inside lithium metal batteries (LMBs), block copolymer electrolytes (BCPEs) have been fabricated in situ in LMBs via a one‐step method combining reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and carboxylic acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The BCPEs balanced the Li+ coordination characteristics of the polyether‐ and polyester‐based electrolytes to achieve a rapid Li+ migration in the SPEs. The carboxylic acid played a dual role since it both catalyzed the ROP and stabilized the interface. Furthermore, the in situ assembly of LMBs did effectively enable an efficient intercalation/de‐intercalation of Li+ at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The in situ assembled Li/BCPE4/LFP exhibited high‐capacity retention of 92 % after 400 cycles at 1 C. The one‐step in situ fabrication of BCPEs provides a new direction for the design of polymer electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To optimize the rapid transport of lithium ions (Li+) inside lithium metal batteries (LMBs), block copolymer electrolytes (BCPEs) have been fabricated in situ in LMBs via a one‐step method combining reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and carboxylic acid‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP). The BCPEs balanced the Li+ coordination characteristics of the polyether‐ and polyester‐based electrolytes to achieve a rapid Li+ migration in the SPEs. The carboxylic acid played a dual role since it both catalyzed the ROP and stabilized the interface. Furthermore, the in situ assembly of LMBs did effectively enable an efficient intercalation/de‐intercalation of Li+ at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The in situ assembled Li/BCPE4/LFP exhibited high‐capacity retention of 92 % after 400 cycles at 1 C. The one‐step in situ fabrication of BCPEs provides a new direction for the design of polymer electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellites have a great attraction to researchers due to their high reliability, resource utilization, low cost, and compact size. As the core component of the optical payload, the mirror directly affects the system package size. Therefore, the structural design of mirrors is critical in the compact internal space of microsatellites. This study proposes a closed-back mirror with composite surfaces based on additive manufacturing (AM). Compared with the open-back mirror, it provides excellent optomechanical performance. In addition, AM significantly reduces the intricate mechanical parts' manufacturing difficulty. Finally, the roughness was better than 2 nm. The surface shape of the AM aluminum mirror reached RMS 1/10λ (λ = 632.8 nm) with the aid of ultra-precision machining technologies such as single-point diamond turning (SPDT), surface modification, and polishing, and the maximum deviation of the surface shape was about RMS 1/42λ (λ = 632.8 nm) after the thermal cycle test, which verified the optical grade application of AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterogeneous catalysts offer a highly desirable platform for exploring environmental‐benign transformation systems, yet, they typically suffer from significant loss of catalytic efficiency compared with their homogeneous counterparts. Here, the facile synthesis of a porphyrinic conjugated porous polymer incorporated with imidazolium bromide moieties by taking advantage of the Debus–Radziszewski reaction is reported. Owing to the unique donor–acceptor structure, this heterogeneous and metal‐free photocatalyst exhibits much improved catalytic activity compared with its small molecular analogs in photoinduced electron transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (PET–RAFT) polymerization, producing polymers with narrow distribution (Đ = 1.06–1.18) and high degree of chain‐end fidelity. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst can be easily separated at the end of polymerization by centrifugation and recycled for five independent PET–RAFT polymerizations without obvious decreases in catalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of aggregation‐induced emission‐active (AIE‐active) gelators with liquid crystal properties remains a challenge. Moreover, the effects of AIE configuration on liquid crystal, gel and AIE behaviors in one system are unclear. Herein, two main‐chain liquid crystalline copolyester gelators with a single configuration of AIEgen TPE, mesogen biphenyl, and pendent amide groups are synthesized through melt polycondensation. Both copolyesters display smectic phase, while E‐P20 possesses a wider temperature range of liquid crystal and a narrower layer distance owing to the more serious nonlinear "defect" of Z‐TPE than E‐TPE units. In addition, E‐P20 and Z‐P20 can form AIE‐active gels with the minimum gelation concentration (MGC) values of 10 and 4 wt% in ethyl acetate mainly via hydrogen bonds between the pendent amide groups, respectively. These AIE‐active gels show potential applications in temperature sensor, information storage, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional polymer composites with efficient heat dissipation and flame retardancy are highly desirable in the electronic industry. Here, by the combination of hydrothermal reaction and in situ fragmentation, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) decorated silver nanowires (AgNWs) and 3D reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (AgNW‐RGO@MoS2) aerogel micro‐particles (AMPs) are successfully prepared. When the above AMP is introduced to epoxy (EP) resin by the simple blending method, a polymer composite with continuous thermally conductive pathways and flame barrier layers is achieved. With an AMP loading of 4.0 vol.%, the polymer composite displays superior enhancement in thermal conductivity up to 420%. Compared to neat EP, the peak heat release rate and total heat release decreases by 61.1% and 58.8%, respectively. This work provides new insights into the design and large‐scale fabrication of multifunctional polymer composites for efficient thermal management materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) have drawn considerable attention owing to their attractive photoluminescence, advantageous chemical tolerance, good biocompatibility, and so on. However, it remains challenging to tune their photoluminescence spatially and temporally due to their high photostability. Herein, a viable approach to in‐situ dialing the photoluminescence of CDs by using light in the presence of a photoacid generator (PAG, e.g., diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate) is demonstrated. Fluorescence quenching occurs upon light irradiation due to the protonation of pyridine and amino nitrogen atoms of CDs according to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. As such, blue, green, and red color fluorescent patterns of CDs are ready to form in poly(vinyl alcohol) by light irradiation under photomask. These patterns not only show a controlled preservation time under room light, but also can be erased on demand by flood UV irradiation, which are promising for advanced anti‐counterfeiting such as shelf‐life based security and erasable encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, a single enantiomer can induce a foldamer into a preferred‐handed helix, while another condition is required for the helical inversion. Herein, it is found that the helix induction and subsequent inversion of poly(m‐phenylene diethynylene)‐based foldamer bearing aza‐18‐crown‐6 pendants (Poly‐1) can be realized by increasing the concentration of sterically hindered l‐amino acid perchlorate salts. When the amount of chiral enantiomers is small, one enantiomer tends to complex with two non‐adjacent aza‐18‐crown‐6 rings via three N+H···O hydrogen bonds in a sandwich mode. Notably, the transition dipole moment is perpendicular to the aza‐18‐crown‐6 ring, so that the induced helical chirality in Poly‐1 backbone is opposite to the chirality of enantiomers. When the amount of chiral enantiomers is large enough, each aza‐18‐crown‐6 is occupied by one enantiomer, which causes the transition dipole moment in a parallel direction to aza‐18‐crown‐6 ring. In this case, the increased steric hindrance can facilitate the inversion of screw sense of Poly‐1 backbone, which is directed by chiral center of enantiomers. As a result, a helix inversion has been achieved successfully. This work not only provides a novel strategy for regulating the two‐stage folded helical conformations by the single enantiomers, but opens a window to develop chiral recognition materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes with different degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared for fabricating high-performance ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) actuators. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and ion conductivity of SPEEK membranes increase accordingly with the increase of the DS of SPEEK membranes. The SPEEK membranes show much higher IEC and water uptake than those of the traditional Nafion membrane. The SPEEK actuator with the highest DS, namely SPEEK3 actuator, shows the best bending deformation under the electric stimulus. Compared with Nafion system, the SPEEK3 actuator increases at maximum blending strain under sinusoidal voltage of 3 V at 1 Hz. These greatly enhanced actuation performance indicates the SPEEK is a candidate to substitute Nafion in the field of IPMC actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis and understanding of hierarchically nanostructured materials are significant for exploring peculiar functional properties and underlying applications. In this study, the self-assembly formation and detailed transformation process of ZnO nanoplatelets grown by hydrothermal methods with the addition of compound surfactants (CTAB and Tween-20) have been investigated. The initial growth of ZnO nanoplatelets as well as the subsequent formation of bilayer nanorod arrays and divergent nanocone arrays on the surface and side face of these nanoplatelets were found. Compared with the formation of bulk/block crystals without the case of surfactants, the addition of compound surfactants into zinc nitrate solution is responsible for the self-assembly processes of ZnO because of the effective role of CTAB in decreasing the degree of crystallinity and the positive effect of Tween-20 on decreasing the particle size owing to the space hindered effect. As-formed hierarchically micro-nanostructured ZnO exhibits superhydrophobicity without any chemical modification, which can make water droplets suspend on the air film trapped between the nanoplatelet and nanoplatelet as well as between nanocone and nanocone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are vital to dissipate excess heat generated by electronic components with ever-growing power density to ensure their reliability and performance. However, the limited dispersibility of nano-sized thermal conductive fillers hinders further enhancement of thermal conductivity in TIMs. It remains challenging to manufacture high-performance TIMs with simultaneous high thermal conductivity, low cost, and capability of large-scale production. Herein, a solvent-free and scalable approach was adopted to fabricate asphalt/graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) composites by in situ exfoliating graphite in asphalt melt using a three-roll mill. During exfoliation, asphalt was adsorbed onto the surface of GNPs via π-π interaction and improved their dispersibility. Hence, GNPs formed integrated thermal conductive pathways with reduced interfacial thermal resistance, which significantly improved the thermal conductivity of asphalt/GNP composites. At 25 vol% loading, the asphalt/GNP composite displayed a thermal conductivity of 1.95 W m−1 K−1, showing a 114 % increase compared to the asphalt/commercial GNP (c-GNP) composite prepared by conventional mechanical mixing. Moreover, the heat-resistant and mechanical properties of the asphalt/GNP composites were also enhanced due to the improved filler dispersion and filler-matrix interactions. Thus, the asphalt/GNP composites fabricated by in situ three-roll milling possessed remarkable advantages as TIMs compared with asphalt/c-GNP composites and commercial silicone rubber thermal pads. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suggests a telephone crisis intervention hotline in China that would provide psychiatric evaluation and counseling for its populace. Aim of helping Chinese men and women with psychiatric problems; Reduction in the rate of suicide victims; Hotlines targeted to the youth and for women.

Studies the correlation between boredom proneness, purpose in life and volunteerism in a group of American retirees. Reason for boredom; Results of the Purpose In Life test and the Boredom Proneness Scale.

Two challenges remain for organic thermoresponsive materials; one is to develop high‐performance red‐emissive thermoresponsive materials, while another is to simultaneously achieve high contrast ratio (CR), fast and reversible thermoresponse in a single element. Herein, we not only develop a new deep‐red emissive squaraine‐based AIEgen (TPE‐SQ12) based on a pyrylium end group, which is suitable for fabricating high‐performance thermoresponsive materials, but also show an effective approach to improve both CR (∼ten times increase) and response time (less than 3 seconds), that is, molecularly dispersing AIEgen into an elastomer, attributed to the significantly expanded free volume of elastomer upon increasing the temperature that can activate the AIEgen intramolecular movements more pronouncedly. Double encryption and temperature mapping systems have been separately established by using our designed elastomer/TPE‐SQ12 film, showing the great potential for anti‐counterfeiting and temperature sensing. Finally, white emission is further achieved by co‐doping TPE‐SQ12 with cyan dye into elastomer, which enables fluorescent thermochromism for improving the temperature mapping ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]