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To address the challenge of redundancy and conflict detection in the label-based data flow control mechanism, a label description method based on atomic operations has been proposed.When the label is changed, there is unavoidable redundancy or conflict between the new label and the existing label.How to carry out redundancy and conflict detection is an urgent problem in the label-based data flow control mechanism.To address the above problem, a label description method was proposed based on atomic operation.The object label was generated by the logical combination of multiple atomic tags, and the atomic tag was used to describe the minimum security requirement.The above label description method realized the simplicity and richness of label description.To enhance the detection efficiency and reduce the difficulty of redundancy and conflict detection, a method based on the correlation of sets in labels was introduced.Moreover, based on the detection results of atomic tags and their logical relationships, redundancy and conflict detection of object labels was carried out, further improving the overall detection efficiency.Redundancy and conflict detection of atomic tags was based on the relationships between the operations contained in different atomic tags.If different atomic tags contained the same operation, the detection was performed by analyzing the relationship between subject attributes, environmental attributes, and rule types in the atomic tags.On the other hand, if different atomic tags contained different operations without any relationship between them, there was no redundancy or conflict.If there was a partial order relationship between the operations in the atomic tags, the detection was performed by analyzing the partial order relationship of different operations, and the relationship between subject attribute, environment attribute, and rule types in different atomic tags.The performance of the redundancy and conflict detection algorithm proposed is analyzed theoretically and experimentally, and the influence of the number and complexity of atomic tags on the detection performance is verified through experiments.

This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of near-fault ground motions on the long-term development of high-speed railways. In this paper, the ground motions are analyzed based on the Train–Track–Bridge Coupling Braking System (TTBCBS) which has been validated during earthquakes. The effects of earthquakes on the whole system are discussed in depth, focusing on the random nature of earthquakes, the impulsive character of near-fault earthquakes and the effects of different initial speeds on the system behavior. The results show that under random earthquakes, the probability of train derailment gradually increases with the increase of peak ground acceleration (PGA) of earthquakes. When the PGA exceeds 0.2 g, the train is highly susceptible to derailment and the bridge itself may incur damage. When analyzing the nature of pulses of near-fault ground motions, it was found that the responses induced by class B and class C pulses are significantly similar. Meanwhile, the calculated values of derailment coefficients are basically the same when the PGA of class A pulse wave is at 0 g and 0.1 g. This suggests that train braking somewhat mitigates the response induced by near-fault ground motions. Furthermore, the value of improved spectral intensity (SI) for the running safety during earthquakes indicates that the increase in seismic intensity is detrimental to the system. In terms of the effect of train initial speeds on the system during earthquakes, it is observed that the system response reaches the lowest point when the train speed is 250 km/h, which is more favorable to the smooth deceleration of the train. When the train speed is 400 km/h, the system response reaches its maximum value. These research findings provide crucial insights and guidance for seismic safety design and management of high-speed railways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the antistress effects of yuzu synthetic fragrances by employing three experiments on humans and mice using two yuzu synthetic fragrances and five single compounds. We prepared two synthetic fragrances based on the component analysis of two natural yuzu essential oils extracted by cold-pressed and steam-distilled extraction methods. Chromogranin A (CgA) and heart rate (HR) were used as stress indices in human experiments. Immobility time during the forced swim test was used as a stress index in mice experiments. We analyzed brain mechanisms by measuring the expression of neurotrophic factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the mice experiments. Synthetic yuzu fragrance mimicked steam-distilled oil (SD) significantly reduced participants' heart rate in experiment 1. In the forced swim test conducted in experiment 2, SD significantly reduced immobility time, and increased the expression of neurotrophic factors BDNF, NGF, and NT-3 in the hippocampus of mice. In experiment 3, focusing on single compounds, terpinen-4-ol significantly reduced immobility time in the forced swim test. These findings indicate that inhalation of SD and terpinen-4-ol has antistress effects. Terpinen-4-ol is a strong candidate for further investigation as a potential stress-reducing agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the work is to highlight experimental methodical approaches to the representation of certain aspects of modern Ukrainian vocal art on the example of the organization of research, educational and performing activities of master's students of the Faculty of Arts of V. Hnatyuk TNPU. The research methodology consists in the use of methods of historical and cultural discourse, historical and musicological positions on the problems of vocal art, in the implementation of activity and integrative approaches based on the example of art pedagogy. Attention is focused on the problem of representation of the main problems of the development of modern Ukrainian vocal art on the example of the organization of research, educational and performing activities of future music teachers. Taking into account the tasks of their professional training, the specifics and prospects of their future pedagogical and performing activities, we have already made attempts to extrapolate the history of performing schools to the content of the "Methodology of Music Education" course and the subjects of the school cycle, in particular, the reading of the "Artistic Culture of Ukraine" course during 2019–2020. The scientific novelty consists in the presentation of an integrative approach to the organization of the research, educational and performance activities of master's students on the example of the interaction of teachers of specialized lecture-theoretical ("History of Ukrainian Music", "Contemporary Music"), research courses ("Fundamentals of Music and Pedagogical Research", "Methodology of Scientific research", "Fundamentals of musical interpretation") and practical disciplines ("Vocal") during 2020–2021. A number of examples of research work of master's students are presented (essays, "musical quizzes", questionnaires, etc., related to the problems of modern musical art). A block of master's research materials related to musical Ternopil, with the organization of the competition and festival movement, is separately allocated. Excerpts from essays of master's students on the topic "Show business: pros and cons" are given. As examples of the cooperation of academic supervisors with vocal teachers, the content of master's studies was clarified, respectively - programs of master's students' concerts. For example, creative projects "Song about a song", "Moment". Conclusions. We believe that the best examples of modern pop songs are an important contribution to the vocal art of Ukraine. Their role especially increases in periods of social challenges, war tragedies as a reaction-protest of artists and society in general. At the same time, it is an interesting research material, a high-value performing and educational repertoire, which should be qualitatively presented in performance classes of art institutions. So, the layer of popular musical culture and performance, represented by the activities of famous soloists and bands from different regions of Ukraine, participants of the competition-festival movement in Ukraine and abroad, was and remains the subject of thorough comparative research.

We previously reported that a pathogenic abnormality in the barrier and water-holding functions of the stratum corneum (SC) in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is mainly attributable to significantly decreased levels of total ceramides in the SC. That decrease is mediated by the abnormal expression of a novel ceramide-reducing enzyme, sphingomyelin/glucosylceramide deacylase (SGDase), which is the β-subunit (ASAH1b) of acid ceramidase. In this study, we determined whether mice overexpressing ASAH1b in their epidermis develop AD-like skin symptoms. We generated transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing ASAH1b, regulated by the involucrin promoter, to localize its expression in the upper epidermis. After hair removal using a depilatory cream containing glycolic acid, the TG mice without any visible skin inflammation at 8 weeks of age had increased levels of ASAH1b and decreased levels of SC ceramide, with disrupted barrier functions measured by trans-epidermal water loss compared to the wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, enzymatic assays revealed that SGDase activity was not detectable in the skin of the TG mice compared to WT mice. Immunological staining revealed that there was an increased expression level of IL-33 in the epidermis and an accumulation of macrophages in the dermis of TG mice compared to WT mice, which are phenotypic characteristics of AD, that were exacerbated by tape-stripping of the skin. In the skin of the TG mice, the mRNA levels of IL-5, CCL11, IL-22, CXCL10, and IFNγ were significantly upregulated compared to the WT mice, and tape-stripping significantly increased the mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-33, CXCL1, CXCL12, TLR9, and CD163 compared to WT mice. These findings strongly indicate that the skin of the depilatory cream-treated TG mice exists in an atopic dry skin condition that is highly sensitive to various environmental stimuli. The sum of our results suggests that ASAH1b itself, even in the absence of its enzymatic activity, is a major etiologic factor for atopic dry skin symptoms via an unknown mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our present work, we report the synthesis of Sb-doped SnO2-coated TiO2 (TiO2@Sb-SnO2) conductive nanocomposites by hydrothermal method. Firstly, titanate whiskers were hydrothermally synthesized at 175 °C using sodium hydroxide and metatitanic acid as starting materials with a molar ratio of 4:1. And then, the TiO2@Sb-SnO2 nanocomposites were hydrothermally synthesized with the use of the as-synthesized titanate whiskers, tin tetrachloride, and antimony trichloride as starting materials at 185 °C. In the hydrothermal reaction process, Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles enhanced the phase transition from titanate to rutile TiO2. The oxidation states of tin and antimony elements are Sn4+, Sb5+, and Sb3+, respectively. TEM and HRTEM analyses indicated that the Sb-doped SnO2 nanoparticles with an average particle size of around 1.5 nm were coated on the surfaces of TiO2 nanoparticulates with an average particle size of around 20 nm. The TiO2@(1%)Sb-(10%)SnO2 nanocomposites had a minimum electric resistivity of 5.97 × 103 Ω·cm. Filling of the TiO2@Sb-SnO2 nanocomposites increased the electric conductivity of waterborne polyester films, endowing the polyester films with static electron dissipativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strigolactones (SLs), lactone-containing carotenoid derivatives, function as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere, inducing symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal. In addition, as a class of plant hormones, SLs control plant growth and development in flowering plants (angiosperms). Recent studies show that the ancestral function of SLs, which precede terrestrialization of plants, is as rhizosphere signaling molecules. SLs were then recruited as a class of plant hormones through the step-by-step acquisition of signaling components. The D14 gene encoding the SL receptor arose by gene duplication of KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE2 (KAI2), the receptor of karrikins and KAI2 ligand (KL), an unknown ligand, in the common ancestor of seed plants. KL signaling targets SMAX1, a repressor protein. On the other hand, the SL signaling targets SMXL78 subclade repressors, which arose by duplication of SMAX1 in angiosperms. Thus, gymnosperms contain the SL receptor D14 but not SMXL78, the SL signaling–specific repressor proteins. We studied two gymnosperm species, ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and Japanese umbrella pine (Sciadopitys verticillata), to clarify whether SLs are perceived and the signals are transduced in gymnosperms. We show that D14 and KAI2 of ginkgo and Japanese umbrella pine specifically perceive an SL analog and KL mimic, respectively. Furthermore, our results suggest that both SL signaling and KL signaling target SMAX1, and the specific localization of the receptor may result in the specificity of the signaling in gymnosperms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeds of root parasitic plants, Striga, Orobanche and Phelipanche spp. are induced to germinate by strigolactones (SLs) exudated from host roots. In Striga -resistant cultivars of Sorghum bicolor , the loss-of-function of the Low Germination Stimulant 1 (LGS1) gene changes the major SL from 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) to orobanchol, which has an opposite C-ring stereochemistry. The biosynthetic pathway of 5DS catalyzed by LGS1 has not been fully elucidated. Since other unknown regulators, in addition to LGS1 encoding a sulfotransferase, appear to be necessary for the stereoselective biosynthesis of 5DS, we examined Sobic.005G213500 (Sb3500), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, as a candidate regulator, which is co-expressed with LGS1 and located 5ʹ-upstream of LGS1 in the sorghum genome. When LGS1 was expressed with known SL biosynthetic enzyme genes including the cytochrome P450 SbMAX1a in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, 5DS and its diastereomer 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO) were produced in approximately equal amounts, while the production of 5DS was significantly larger than that of 4DO when Sb3500 was also co-expressed. We also confirmed the stereoselective 5DS production in an in vitro feeding experiment using synthetic chemicals with recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli and yeast. This finding demonstrates that Sb3500 is a stereoselective regulator in the conversion of the SL precursor carlactone to 5DS, catalyzed by LGS1 and SbMAX1a, providing a detailed understanding of how different SLs are produced to combat parasitic weed infestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]