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The development of non‐precious hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts is a major challenge for the commercialization of Pt‐free fuel cells. Herein, a temperature‐induced phase hybridization method is reported that greatly improves the catalytic performance of NiCu alloy for the HOR. The migration of W atoms hybridizes the interface of tungsten oxide (WOx) and tungsten carbide (WC) at the onset reduction temperature of WOx, leading to a greatly weakened H binding energy and an optimized OH binding energy, which endows NiCuW/WOx‐WC@WC with favorable stability and CO resistance during HOR. The hybridization catalysts deliver a high mass activity of 29.37 mA mg−1Ni and reach a peak power of 298 mW.cm−2 in H2‐O2 anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing phosphoric acid poisoning of platinum-based catalysts in high-temperature fuel cells still remains a strategic and synthetic problem. Here, we synthesized a Pt3Co@MoOx-NC catalyst with a Pt3Co active core and MoOx modification on the surface, which simultaneously exhibits high ORR activity and phosphate tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are advantageous for reducing or even eliminating the dependency on platinum resources, as the alkaline environment allows the use of non‐precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode. However, the intrinsic activity of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts in alkaline environments is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than in acidic environments, which becomes the major challenge for AEMFCs. This review examines the current developments in the intrinsic activity of alkaline HOR catalysts and systematically summarizes the hydrogen activation mechanism with a focus on potential influencing factors and enhancement strategies. Furthermore, it offers insights into the prospects for developing more efficient alkaline HOR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report the conversion of bulk Li alloying anode reactions into surface reactions by the construction of amorphous structured SnS x active materials encapsulated in robust carbon nanofiber anodes. The high-temperature phase transformation from SnS to SnS 2 is used to construct the SnS x (1 < x < 2) active material with an amorphous structure and ultra-tiny particle size, leading to a decreased Li + diffusion path, weakened volume change ratio, but considerably enhanced capacitance. The amorphous structure changes the Li-storage mechanism from Li-intercalation to the surface reaction, which endows each active particle with a rapid (de)lithiation characteristic. As a result, the high-rate (dis)charge property with a long-term cycle life is obtained for SnS x @NC, which delivers an excellent rate capability of 633.4 mAh g -1 under 7 A g -1 and a capability retention of 785.2 mAh g -1 after 1600 cycles under 2 A g -1 .

Purpose: Cure rates for localized high-risk prostate cancers (PCa) and some intermediate-risk PCa are frequently suboptimal with local therapy. Outcomes are improved by concomitant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiation therapy, but not by concomitant ADT with surgery. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa; leuprolide acetate) does not reduce serum androgens as effectively as abiraterone acetate (AA), a prodrug of abiraterone, a CYP17 inhibitor that lowers serum testosterone (< 1 ng/dL) and improves survival in metastatic PCa. The possibility that greater androgen suppression in patients with localized high-risk PCa will result in improved clinical outcomes makes paramount the reassessment of neoadjuvant ADT with more robust androgen suppression., Patients and Methods: A neoadjuvant randomized phase II trial of LHRHa with AA was conducted in patients with localized high-risk PCa (N = 58). For the first 12 weeks, patients were randomly assigned to LHRHa versus LHRHa plus AA. After a research prostate biopsy, all patients received 12 additional weeks of LHRHa plus AA followed by prostatectomy., Results: The levels of intraprostatic androgens from 12-week prostate biopsies, including the primary end point (dihydrotestosterone/testosterone), were significantly lower (dehydroepiandrosterone, Δ(4)-androstene-3,17-dione, dihydrotestosterone, all P < .001; testosterone, P < .05) with LHRHa plus AA compared with LHRHa alone. Prostatectomy pathologic staging demonstrated a low incidence of complete responses and minimal residual disease, with residual T3- or lymph node-positive disease in the majority., Conclusion: LHRHa plus AA treatment suppresses tissue androgens more effectively than LHRHa alone. Intensive intratumoral androgen suppression with LHRHa plus AA before prostatectomy for localized high-risk PCa may reduce tumor burden., (© 2014 by American Society of Clinical Oncology.)