Search

Various nutrient requirements of soil microorganisms often occur in restoration ecosystems, but the responses of microbial communities in different vegetation types remain unclear. In this study, we selected four types of vegetation (grassland desert (GD), desert steppe (DS), typical steppe (TS), and artificial forest (AF)) on the Mu Us Desert, and examined the soil physicochemical properties, extracellular enzyme activities (carbon (C)-, nitrogen (N)-, and phosphorus (P)-acquisition enzymes), and community characteristics. Our results revealed that the N-requirement of microorganisms in the area was higher than that of other elements, particularly when organic C was scarce, whereas severe P requirement was detected in the presence of abundant organic matter. Compared with TS, we detected a higher diversity of microorganisms in GD, DS, and AF, and the microbial communities were dominated by a few taxa with loose internal connections and higher C and N requirements. Stronger N and P requirements reduced the diversity of microorganisms and the relative abundance of dominant taxa in TS, but increased the stability of bacterial communities. Our results further indicate that bacteria play a more active role in coping with the transformation of nutrient requirements. When C- and N-requirements of microorganisms were transformed to N and P, the abundance of dominant and sub-dominant taxa decreased and increased, respectively. Collectively, the results of this study indicate that efficient vegetation restoration in desert areas may lead to stronger nutrient requirements for microorganisms, thus reducing the diversity of microorganisms and causing unpredictable consequences for ecological sustainable development.

Context The role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is largely unknown. Objective We aimed to identify some circRNAs as differential diagnostic biomarkers for T1D to distinguish between patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The circRNA expression profiles were determined by Arraystar human circRNA microarray in T1D compared to controls (n = 6 each). The differentially expressed circRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction using a validation cohort with 20 T1D and 20 controls. The diagnostic performances of the candidate circRNAs and the clinical parameters were assessed using the logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model in a larger cohort with 457 individuals, including patients with T1D, T2D, and LADA, and controls. Results We identified 110 differentially expressed circular transcripts (53 upregulated and 57 downregulated) in T1D patients compared with controls. Further analysis showed that the levels of hsa_circRNA_405498 and hsa_circRNA_100033 were significantly downregulated in T1D compared to controls (both P <.05). Moreover, the expression levels of these 2 circRNAs showed sequential downregulation from controls, patients with T2D, LADA, to T1D (P <.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic plots in logistic LASSO regression model showed high diagnostic accuracy for combination model with the 2 circRNAs and some clinical parameters in distinguishing T1D from LADA (AUC = 0.915), T2D (AUC = 0.993), and controls (AUC = 0.992). Conclusion Our study demonstrated that hsa_circRNA_405498 and hsa_circRNA_100033 are promising novel differential diagnostic biomarkers for T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Recently, exosomal miRNAs have been shown to play important roles in multiple diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To assess the biomarker potential of exosomal miRNAs for T1D, we measured the expression profiles of plasma‐derived exosomal miRNAs in T1D and explored their potential functions by bioinformatic analysis. Materials and methods: In the discovery phase, exosome samples were isolated from plasma by size exclusion chromatography from 10 T1D patients and 10 sex‐ (p = 0.36), age‐ (p = 0.97), and body mass index‐matched (p = 0.47) healthy control subjects. Exosomal miRNA expression profiles were measured using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. With verification by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‒PCR), we used multiple bioinformatics approaches to explore the potential biological functions of the identified differentially expressed miRNAs. The diagnostic signature of exosomal miRNAs was evaluated by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and evaluated based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: In total, 43 differentially expressed miRNAs, among which 34 were upregulated and 9 were downregulated, were identified in T1D. After correcting for multiple testing using false discovery rate, 11 identified exosomal miRNAs still showed statistical significance. Among the 5 selected miRNAs, 3 miRNAs (miR‐103a‐3p, miR‐144‐5p and miR‐454‐3p) were successfully validated by qRT‒PCR. The biological analysis‐enriched terms included protein autophosphorylation and the Hedgehog signalling pathway. The highest AUC of exosomal miRNA was 0.889 under the LASSO model. The expression levels of 5 selected exosomal miRNAs were correlated with multiple clinical characteristics such as fasting C‐peptide and postprandial C‐peptide. Conclusions: Our results indicated that plasma‐derived exosomal miRNAs could serve as promising diagnostic biomarkers of T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: Different types of diabetes show distinct genetic characteristics, but the specific genetic susceptibility factors remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the associations between the ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26) gene rs1131017 polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population, and their correlations with clinical features. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of the rs1131017 variant was carried out for 1,006 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, 210 LADA patients, 642 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 2,099 control individuals. Results: We found that the rs1131017 C allele was a risk locus for both type 1 diabetes mellitus and LADA (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–1.69, P < 0.001; OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64, P = 0.021, respectively). Nevertheless, this association was not found for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carrying the C allele genotype was associated with a lower postprandial C‐peptide for type 1 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11–1.80, P = 0.006) and lower fasting C‐peptide for LADA (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.38, P = 0.047). Interestingly, a lower GC frequency was noted for LADA than for type 1 diabetes mellitus, regardless of classification based on age at diagnosis, C‐peptide or glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity. Conclusions: The RPS26 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus and LADA in the Chinese population, but was not related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, it might serve as a novel biomarker for particular types of diabetes. In this manuscript, we explored whether RPS26 gene polymorphisms conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a considerably large collection of Chinese participants. The effects of this gene on clinical features of patients, including age at diagnosis, β‐cell function, and islet autoantibodies were also comprehensively investigated. We have found that the SNP, rs1131017, of the RPS26 gene is a genetic susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in the Chinese Han population, but it has no impact on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our research provides evidence for the important role of RPS26 in the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes mellitus, offering a new biomarker for risk assessment and precise diagnosis of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]