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Purpose: To investigate the influence of polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and glutathione S-transferase Pi isoform (GSTP1) genes on retin...

Background: To examine the astigmatism characteristics and surgical outcomes in patients with unilateral severe congenital ptosis following frontalis suspension surgery.Methods: We included 53 congenital ptosis patients who underwent frontalis suspension surgery in Hunan Children‘s Hospital. Each patient underwent a refractive examination before and after surgery to assess astigmatism. We also evaluated the effects and complications associated with the procedure.Results: Degree of astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was -1.45±0.59 D and -0.66±0.51 D before surgery. Ratio of severe astigmatism in ptotic and fellow eyes was 51.3% and 12.8%. The fellow eyes presented with with-the-rule astigmatism (WR; 71.8%) and against-the-rule astigmatism (AR; 20.5%) types, with no cases of oblique astigmatism (OA). Ptotic eyes demonstrated higher frequencies of AR (59.0%) and OA (10.2%) than did fellow eyes. Furthermore, the former showed increased astigmatism, followed by a gradual decrease at the 6-month, before significantly decreasing at the 1-year postoperatively. The ratio of postoperative AR and OA astigmatism cases in ptotic eyes decreased to 35.9% and 7.7% 1 month postoperatively. However, there was a postoperative increase in the WR ratio from 30.8% to 56.4% after 1 month. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a success rate of 81.4% at 6 months and 62.9% at 12 months which was influenced by the following complications: suture reaction, epithelial keratopathy, infection and granuloma, lid lag, and recurrence. Conclusion: Frontalis suspension surgery can effectively and safely correct congenital ptosis in younger patients, which may ameliorate the development of amblyopic astigmatism.

This study explored morphology and microcirculation changes of optic nerve head (ONH) in simple high myopia(SHM) and pathologic myopia(PM), in order to evaluate and identify ONH changes in the development of PM. We divided 193 right eyes of 193 patients into SHM and PM according to the retinopathy. We found that ONH is one of the earliest pathological changes in myopia, and its morphology changes were also the most obvious. PM is closely linked to the reduction of choroidal perfusion and structural changes of ONH. Microcirculation showed a significant priority changes in myopia. Further research should address whether these fndings are associated with future disease development in highly myopic eyes.

Retinal neovascularization (RN), a major cause of blindness occurring in multiple types of ophthalmic diseases, is closely associated with hypoxic conditions. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms of RN have not been fully elucidated. BTG2 is anti-proliferative factor. The up-stream of BTG2 gene within 3000 bp expresses a long non-coding RNA, LNC01136.we initially compared the expression of BTG2 and LNC01136 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) with other eye-associated cells, including Muller cells, ARPE19 cells and RGC-5, in response to a hypoxia mimetic agent (CoClAfter the treatment with CoClThis study revealed that LNC01136 is a cell growth suppressor by recruiting HIF-1α to induce BTG2 expression. However the low expression of LNC01136 in hRMECs compared to other eye-associated cells promoted hRMECs' proliferation, which is probably a cause of RN under hypoxia.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between ocular position control ability and stereopsis recovery in children with intermittent exotropia, and to analyze the influencing factors of distance stereopsis recovery. Methods: In this retrospective study, 78 children with small angle intermittent exotropia received vision training for 3 months. All patients were examined for distance stereopsis with the synoptophore and for near stereopsis with the Titmus stereogram before and after the training. The patients were divided into low and high Newcastle Control Score (NCS) groups. The stereopsis of the two groups was compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of distance stereopsis recovery. Results: Among 78 children with intermittent exotropia, 33 had near stereopsis (42.3%) and 22 had distance stereopsis (28.2%); the difference was significant ( P < .05). After 3 months of training, there were statistically significant differences between distance and near stereopsis in the low NCS group and the high NCS group (chi-square = 7.127, P = .008; chi-square = 13.005, P < .001). The number of children with distance and near stereopsis in the low NCS group increased significantly compared with before training (chi-square = 13.471, P < .001; chi-square = 22.244, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age of onset (odds ratio [OR] = 3.768, P = .001), near point of convergence (OR = 0.347, P = .002), and NCS (OR = 0.142, P = .002) were risk factors that affected stereopsis recovery in children with small angle intermittent exotropia. Conclusions: Control ability is one of the important indicators to assess the severity of intermittent exotropia. The worse the control ability, the more difficult the recovery of stereopsis. Age of onset, near point of convergence, and NCS are risk factors that affect the recovery of distance stereopsis. [ J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus . 2021;58(6):350–354.]

To investigate the influence of polymorphisms in vascular endothelial growth factor (An exhaustive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI for genetic studies evaluating the relationship betweenA total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses revealed that