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In this study, we evaluated the in vitro antitumor activity of dialkylamino-1,4-naphthoquinones (1a–n) toward human glioblastoma multiforme cells (GBM02).

Although silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most studied nanomaterials by virtue of their broad application in many areas, little is known about their overall toxicity to aquatic organisms after their contamination of the water environment. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the exposure (96 h) to different AgNP concentrations on Danio rerio (zebrafish) tissues. AgNP were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing spherical AgNP of 30.00 ± 16.80 nm size. The effects of different AgNP concentrations (1, 3, and 5 μg L-1) on brain, muscle, gill, and liver tissues of zebrafish were investigated. The results show a significant decrease in brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Liver and gill catalase (CAT) activity also decreased significantly. At the highest exposure concentration, muscle AChE was more inhibited (37.3%) than brain AChE (26.4%) and gill CAT was more inhibited (67.4%) than liver CAT (51.2%). D. rerio also showed gill morphological changes such as fusion of secondary lamellae, curvature, dilated marginal channel, and epithelial lifting. This study indicates that gill CAT together with morphological studies are potential biomarkers for AgNP.

Este artigo analisa as influências do Banco Mundial e da Organização Mundial da Saúde, como intelectuais coletivos e instrumentos do capital imperialista, em países de economia dependentes. Tal processodesencadeia na contrarreforma da política de saúde brasileira, que impõe mudanças significativas ao Sistema Único de Saúde, através da abertura do mercado e da privatização dos serviços públicos via publicização. Desse modo, tece críticas aos relatórios produzidos por esses intelectuais noperíodo do governo de cunho neoliberal ortodoxo de Michel Temer. A partir de um referencial crítico-dialético, utilizam-se revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa documental. Assim, aponta como esses intelectuais integram um projeto orquestrado de dominação na garantia dos interesses docapital em escala mundial, com ênfase na política de saúde brasileira. O processo de publicização visa aprofundar o apoio a um sistema de saúde na lógica do lucro e do mercado, garantindo, com tais orientações, a hegemonia do capital financeiro.

Total mercury (T-Hg) was determined in fish and wild animal meat consumed in indigenous villages in the Brazilian Amazon region, where there is no history of gold mining. The analyses were performed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer by generation of cold vapour. Regardless of the dietary habit, 42.0% of the fish had levels of T-Hg higher than the values considered as safe for human health by the World Health Organisation. Exposure to mercury in the villages was higher due to the consumption of fish compared to the consumption of meat of wild animals. Carnivorous species showed a higher concentration of T-Hg, both in fish and in wild animals. It is preferred to consume meat from fish and non-predatory wild animals, which can reduce the risk of diseases resulting from high concentrations of mercury in the body of the studied indigenous people.

Objectives We searched for interactions between PER3 gene VNTR polymorphism, latitude, sleep duration, diurnal sleepiness, and social jetlag. Design We selected samples from 3 distinct cities along the latitudinal range of Brazil and comprising the same time zone. Setting Undergraduate universities located in 3 major cities of Brazil. Participants A total of 980 undergraduate students: 276 from Maceio (latitude 9°), 358 from Campinas (latitude 22°), and 346 from Porto Alegre (latitude 30°). Measurements PER3 variable number of tandem repeats genotyping, diurnal sleepiness, sleep duration (weekdays and weekend), chronotype, and social jetlag. Results Latitude is associated with a differential expression of circadian and sleep profiles. We observed a shift toward eveningness with increased latitude and increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness at latitude 30°. Moreover, our results suggest that the PER3 variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism has a modulatory effect on these circadian and sleep profiles: the variant PER3 4/4 is associated with a smaller difference in the sleep duration on weekdays among different latitudes and is associated with longer sleep duration on weekends just at latitude 30°, even when compared to both other genotypes at the same latitude. On the other hand, irrespective of the genotype, volunteers from latitude 30° expressed increased social jetlag and diurnal sleepiness. Conclusions The seasonal variation in the light/dark cycle, tied to latitude, together with the tight social time constraints that young adults are subjected to during weekdays, generates differences in the sleep phenotypes. Volunteers with the PER3 4/4 variant who live farther from the equator have a greater increase in their weekend sleep duration.

O artigo apresenta mediações entre os Direitos Humanos e a Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. Emerge de uma pesquisa que problematiza as ações ocorridas no governo de Michel Temer e as primeiras iniciativas do governo Bolsonaro ao promover um recrudescimento na área da saúde através de medidas neoliberais ortodoxas, reverberando na desestruturação da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial. O estudo realizou-se através de pesquisa documental com enfoque nas legislações pertinentes ao tema. Desse modo, as recentes mudanças resultam num retrocesso de 30 anos, quando predominava a barbárie no tratamento. Aquele governo e o atual traçaram estratégias neoconservadoras para violar os Direitos Humanos conquistados pela classe trabalhadora, a exemplo do retorno do uso dos hospitais psiquiátricos, representando um distanciamento de toda a luta antimanicomial. This article presents mediations between Human Rights and the National Mental Health Policy. It is based on research that emphasises actions during Michel Temer’s government and the first initiatives of Bolsonaro’s government in promoting a reopening of discussions on the area of health, following orthodox neoliberal attitudes, that have culminated in disruption to the Psychosocial Care Network. The study was carried out through documentary research focused on relevant legislation on the theme. The recent changes have resulted in a 30-year setback, a retrogression to a period when more barbaric treatments predominated. Both Temer’s government and the incumbent one outlined neoconservative strategies to violate the hard-won Human Rights of the working classes, including the return to the use of psychiatric hospitals, which represents a departure from the whole anti-asylum struggle.

Este artigo versa sobre a pesquisa e o conhecimento da realidade no Serviço Social, com o objetivo de analisar a trajetória histórica da pesquisa na área e sua relevância para fundamentar o exercício profissional. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico que prioriza o debate baseado nos fundamentos ontológicos do ser social, de modo articulado com os desafios e potencialidades na realidade contemporânea. O estudo ressalta que apesar do recente acúmulo teórico-metodológico, a profissão vem contribuindo para o desvelamento da realidade, inclusive para outras áreas do conhecimento, em uma perspectiva vinculada aos interesses da classe trabalhadora. Reafirma que a pesquisa e o conhecimento da realidade foram fundamentais para que o Serviço Social se consolidasse como área de conhecimento e como uma nova competência sociopolítica e teórico-instrumental, no sentido de apreender o movimento da realidade.

Although silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are among the most studied nanomaterials by virtue of their broad application in many areas, little is known about their overall toxicity to aquatic organisms after their contamination of the water environment. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the exposure (96 h) to different AgNP concentrations on Danio rerio (zebrafish) tissues. AgNP were synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing spherical AgNP of 30.00 ± 16.80 nm size. The effects of different AgNP concentrations (1, 3, and 5 μg L

Accumulating evidence indicates that thyroid function and the thyroid hormones L-thyroxine (T4) and L-triiodothyronine (T3) are important factors contributing to the improvement of various pathologies of the central nervous system, including stroke, and various types of cancer, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Low levels of T3 are correlated with the poorest outcome of post-stroke brain function, as well as an increased migration and proliferation of GBM tumor cells. Thyroid hormones are known to stimulate maturation and brain development. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is a key factor mediating the cell swelling and edema that occurs during ischemic stroke, and plays a potential role in the migration and proliferation of GBM tumor cells. In this study, as a possible therapeutic target for GBM, we investigated the potential role of T3 in the expression of AQP4 during different stages of mouse brain development. Pregnant mice at gestational day 18, or young animals at postnatal days 27 and 57, received injection of T3 (1 μg/g) or NaOH (0.02 N vehicle). The brains of mice sacrificed on postnatal days 0, 30, and 60 were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and sections were prepared for immunohistochemistry of AQP4. AQP4 immunofluorescence was measured in the mouse brains and human GBM cell lines. We found that distribution of AQP4 was localized in astrocytes of the periventricular, subpial, and cerebral parenchyma. Newborn mice treated with T3 showed a significant decrease in AQP4 immunoreactivity followed by an increased expression at P30 and a subsequent stabilization of aquaporin levels in adulthood. All GBM cell lines examined exhibited significantly lower AQP4 expression than cultured astrocytes. T3 treatment significantly downregulated AQP4 in GBM-95 cells but did not influence the rate of GBM cell migration measured 24 h after treatment initiation. Collectively, our results showed that AQP4 expression is developmentally regulated by T3 in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of newborn and young mice, and is discretely downregulated in GBM cells. These findings indicate that higher concentrations of T3 thyroid hormone would be more suitable for reducing AQP4 in GBM tumorigenic cells, thereby resulting in better outcomes regarding the reduction of brain tumor cell migration and proliferation.

O artigo discute no processo de contrarreforma na política de saúde as tendências dos intelectuais na perspectiva do consenso ou resistência ao Projeto de Reforma Sanitária Brasileira na contemporaneidade. Aborda a função do intelectual em Gramsci enquanto criação das classes sociais fundamentais para dar homogeneidade e consciência ao seu projeto de sociedade, nas dimensões econômica, social e política. A partir de um referencial crítico – dialético, utiliza-se revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e entrevistas. Expõe o processo de resistência contra a privatização na saúde na realidade do município de Campina Grande – Paraíba e identifica que os intelectuais que integram o Fórum em Defesa do SUS, resistem à racionalidade instrumental e disseminam cultura que tendem a fortalecer a construção de uma nova hegemonia.

Historicamente, uma série de mudanças tem ocorrido nos padrões de atenção à saúde mental no Brasil, por meio da Reforma Psiquiátrica (RP) e da Reforma Sanitária (RS), representando significativas conquistas para a sociedade civil. No entanto, apesar dos avanços, a mercantilização das políticas sociais tem prevalecido na conjuntura brasileira, dada a ofensiva neoliberal que a acompanha desde a década de 1990. Neste sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir acerca das principais tendências da Política de Saúde Mental (PSM) brasileira, fazendo um recorte dos frequentes riscos de retrocessos empreendidos pelos governos Temer e Bolsonaro. Para tanto, o método de análise da realidade que pareceu pertinente para este estudo foi o crítico-dialético. Foi realizado uma revisão bibliográfica das principais categorias do estudo (Contrarreforma e Reforma Psiquiátrica) e uma pesquisa documental das principais legislações da PSM, com abordagem qualitativa. A discussão deste estudo aponta, portanto, que a PSM tem se desenvolvido na realidade brasileira, articulando avanço e conservadorismo, sobretudo a partir das propostas de tais governos, sob a ordem de um neoliberalismo ortodoxo, quando se verifica a volta de uma organização das forças restauradoras da saúde mental contra a RP.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of epidemiological data on neuropathic pain in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to detect the presence of pain with neuropathic characteristics in people with diabetes mellitus, assisted by the Hiperdia program in Santarém-Pará. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between April and November of 2016 in seven Primary Care Units of Santarém. Patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in the Hiperdia program, who answered a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire were included. All those who reported pain responded the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions and the visual analog pain scale. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the software Bioestat® 5.0. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 129 patients, all of whom with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of these, 67 (51.9%) reported pain. Of these, 34.1% were detected with pain of neuropathic characteristics, with a predominance of pain in lower limbs and moderate intensity. The most reported symptoms were: tingling, pinching/needling and numbness. CONCLUSION: An expressive prevalence of people with neuropathic pain was obtained through the application of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions questionnaire, which proved to be an effective and easily applied tool. It is suggested that the neuropathic pain should be identified in the primary care unit and that studies with greater population coverage be performed in Santarém-Pará and in the Northern region, due to the scarcity of data in Brazil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of epidemiological data on neuropathic pain in Brazil. Thus, the present study aimed to detect the presence of pain with neuropathic characteristics in people with diabetes mellitus, assisted by the Hiperdia program in Santarém-Pará. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out between April and November of 2016 in seven Primary Care Units of Santarém. Patients with types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in the Hiperdia program, who answered a clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire were included. All those who reported pain responded the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions and the visual analog pain scale. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using the software Bioestat® 5.0. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 129 patients, all of whom with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of these, 67 (51.9%) reported pain. Of these, 34.1% were detected with pain of neuropathic characteristics, with a predominance of pain in lower limbs and moderate intensity. The most reported symptoms were: tingling, pinching/needling and numbness. CONCLUSION: An expressive prevalence of people with neuropathic pain was obtained through the application of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 questions questionnaire, which proved to be an effective and easily applied tool. It is suggested that the neuropathic pain should be identified in the primary care unit and that studies with greater population coverage be performed in Santarém-Pará and in the Northern region, due to the scarcity of data in Brazil. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Há uma carência de dados epidemiológicos sobre dor neuropática no Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo detectar a presença de dor com características neuropáticas em pessoas com diabetes mellitus, atendidos pelo programa Hiperdia, em Santarém-Pará. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado no período de abril a novembro de 2016, em sete Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Santarém. Foram incluídos pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipos 1 e 2, cadastrados no programa Hiperdia, que responderam a um questionário clínico e sociodemográfico. Todos que relataram dor responderam aos questionários Douleur Neuropathique4 questions e a escala analógica visual. Os dados foram tabelados e analisados estatisticamente através do software Bioestat® 5.0. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 129 pacientes, os quais todos possuíam diabetesmellitus tipo 2. Dentre eles, 67 (51,9%) referiram dor. Desses, 34,1% foram detectados com dor de características neuropáticas, com seu predomínio nos membros inferiores e de intensidade moderada. Os sintomas mais relatados foram formigamento, alfinetada/agulhada e adormecimento. CONCLUSÃO: Obteve-se uma prevalência expressiva de pessoas com dor de características neuropáticas, por meio da aplicação do questionário Douleur Neuropathique4 questions, que demonstrou ser um instrumento eficaz e de fácil aplicação. Sugere-se que seja feita a identificação da dor neuropática na atenção básica e que sejam realizados estudos de maior abrangência populacional em Santarém-Pará e na região norte, em razão da escassez de dados no Brasil.

This study evaluated the acute effect of keto analogue and amino acid (AA-KAAA) supplementation on both white blood cell counts and the established biomarkers of muscle damage during exercise under thermoneutral conditions. Sixteen male cyclists received a ketogenic diet for two days and were divided into two equal groups: a group taking AA-KAAA (KA) or a control group (PL). The athletes performed a two hour cycling session followed by a maximum incremental test until voluntary exhaustion (VExh). Blood samples were obtained at rest and during exercise for further hematological and biochemical analyses. Exercise-induced ammonemia increased in the PL group at VExh (75%) but remained unchanged in the KA group. Both groups exhibited a significant increase in leukocyte and neutrophil counts of ∼85% (∼13 × 109 L-1), but the shape of the lymphocytes and the eosinophil counts suggest that AA-KAAA supplementation helps prevent lymphocytosis. AA-KAAA supplementation induced a decrease in creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase levels at VExh while showing a significant decrease in lactate dehydrogenase at 120 min. We found that AA-KAAA supplementation decreases both the lymphocyte count response in blood and the established biomarkers of muscle damage after intense exercise under a low heat stress environment.

A presente pesquisa de iniciação cientifica discute a Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (RSB) e suas respectivas bandeiras de lutas, seu desenvolvimento no processo de contrarreforma do Estado em curso, articulados na defesa do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) público, de qualidade e contra todas as formas de privatização da saúde. Este estudo apreende as proposições dos intelectuais coletivos que integram efetivamente o Fórum em Defesa do SUS de Campina Grande. Para tanto, identifica as propostas desses intelectuais no processo de contrarreforma da saúde em curso, na perspectiva do consenso ou da resistência, tendo como referência a Reforma Sanitária Brasileira formulada nos anos de 1980.

Metal ions such as iron, zinc, and manganese are essential to metabolic functions, protein synthesis, neurotransmission, and antioxidant neuroprotective mechanisms. Conversely, non-essential metals such as mercury and lead are sources of human intoxication due to occupational activities or environmental contamination. Essential or non-essential metal accumulation in the central nervous system (CNS) results in changes in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, as well as triggering microglia activation and astrocyte reactivity and changing water transport through the cells, which could result in brain swelling. Aquaporin-4 is the main water channel in the CNS, is expressed in astrocyte foot processes in brain capillaries and along the circumventricular epithelium in the ventricles, and has important physiological functions in maintaining brain osmotic homeostasis and supporting brain excitability through regulation of the extracellular space. Some evidence has pointed to a role of AQP4 during metal intoxication in the brain, where it may act in a dual form as a neuroprotector or a mediator of the development of oxidative stress in neurons and astrocytes, resulting in brain swelling and neuronal damage. This mini-review presents the way some metal ions affect changes in AQP4 expression in the CNS and discuss the ways in which water transport in brain cells can be involved in brain damage.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of daytime and blood glucose levels on the propagation of cortical spreading depression (SD). Thirty-nine male Wistar rats were used. Animals were housed 5 per cage with a 12-h, light-dark cycle (lights on at 0600 h). Food and water were available ad libitum, and animals were fasted the night before the experiments. Cortical SD was recorded continuously for 3 h using Ag-AgCl agar-Ringer electrodes placed on the parietal cortex. Every 20 min, SD was elicited by 2% KCl stimulation of the frontal cortex for 1 min. After 1 h of SD-recording, blood glucose levels were measured, and animals were injected intravenously either with glucose (40% solution, 1 mL), insulin (0.3 U/100 g of body weight), or mannitol (20% solution, 1 mL). In the middle of the light period, which corresponds to zeitgeber time (ZT)5, 8 animals received glucose, 7 received insulin, and 6 received mannitol. In another experimental set, glucose or insulin was administered at ZT12 (at the end of the light period); 12 rats received glucose, and 6 received insulin. All the animals that received glucose were hyperglycaemic (P