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Developing social competence for preschoolers is an important area for early intervention, especially for young children with emotional and behavioral issues. This single case meta-analysis focused on examining the literature base for social skills interventions for preschoolers. A systematic search of the literature yielded 33 single-case studies on social skills interventions for preschoolers. Results from the aggregated single case studies using a baseline corrected Tau-U indicated a moderate to large effect (Baseline Corrected Tau = 0.66). Moderator analysis results showed gender and intervention format were statistically significant moderators for the intervention effect. Limitations and directions for future research were discussed within the context of social-behavioral research and early intervention in preschool settings.

The continuous development of Educational Data Mining (EDM) and Learning Analytics (LA) technologies has provided more effective technical support for accurate early warning and interventions for student academic performance. However, the existing body of research on EDM and LA needs more empirical studies that provide feedback interventions, and more attention should be paid to primary and secondary school students. This study proposed a data-driven precision teaching intervention mechanism combining EDM and LA technologies. The proposed mechanism aims to assist teachers in predicting students' academic performance and implementing corresponding interventions. This approach enables early warnings and reminders for students in crisis, and offers teaching assistance and support tailored to students at different levels. A quasi-experimental design was employed to examine the impact of the data-driven precision teaching intervention mechanism on secondary school students' learning outcomes. A total of 142 seventh-grade students participated in the intervention experiment, with an experimental group (50) receiving the data-driven precision teaching intervention, control group2 (48) receiving a group intervention stratified by teacher experience, and control group1 (44) receiving a traditional group intervention. Posttest data were collected after three rounds of intervention. Compared to the two control groups, students in the experimental group demonstrated superior academic achievement, intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and meta-cognitive awareness. These findings indicate that the data-driven precision teaching intervention approach positively impacted students' academic development, and effectively promoted their personalized learning. The findings provide pedagogical insights into the application of EDM in conjunction with LA prediction and actionable interventions.

Background and objective: Systemic treatments involving immunotherapy-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (IO-TKI) combinations and TKI monotherapy have significantly improved outcomes for patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). However, there are no biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of these treatments. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic significance of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) in patients with mccRCC patients receiving systemic therapy. Methods: We included 318 patients with mccRCC who received TKI or IO-TKI therapy. Patients were classified into groups according to whether they had an increase or decrease in serum IgG after systemic treatment. The association between baseline serum IgG and the objective response rate (ORR) was compared between the groups using a t test. The association of the change in serum IgG with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated via Cox proportional-hazards regression, and survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Key findings and limitations: Baseline serum IgG was not significantly associated with ORR (p = 0.055). After 3-mo systemic therapy, 133 patients (42%) exhibited an increase in serum IgG. The group with an IgG increase had significantly poorer median PFS (5.6 vs 16.2 mo; hazard ratio [HR] 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–4.36; p

Abstract A rise in blood glucose is an early warning sign of underlying pancreatic cancer (PC) and may be an indicator of genetic events in PC progression. However, there is still a lack of mechanistic research on pancreatic cancer-associated new-onset diabetes (PCAND). In the present study, we identified a gene SRI, which possesses a SNP with the potential to distinguish PCAND and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), by machine learning on the basis of the UK Biobank database. In vitro and in vivo, sorcin overexpression induced pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Sorcin can form a positive feedback loop with STAT3 to increase the transcription of serpin E1 and CCL5, which may directly induce β-cell dysfunction. In 88 biopsies, the expression of sorcin was elevated in PC tissues, especially in PCAND samples. Furthermore, plasma serpin E1 levels are higher in peripheral blood samples from PCAND patients than in those from T2DM patients. In conclusion, sorcin may be the key driver in PCAND, and further study on the sorcin-STAT3-serpin E1/CCL5 signaling axis may help us better understand the pathogenesis of PCAND and identify potential biomarkers.

Egg yolk is a complex supramolecular system composed of diverse proteins with high nutritional value and outstanding functional characteristics. Cryopreservation is commonly used in the food industry as an effective way to prolong egg yolk shelf life and improve transportation convenience. However, low temperature induces the aggregation of protein in egg yolk, resulting in egg yolk gelation and consequently reduced fluidity and solubility, affecting the functional properties of egg yolk, which are not conducive to the application of egg yolk in food processing. This article introduces the composition, structure and functional characteristics of egg yolk as well as the causes of egg yolk freezing and the mechanism of egg yolk gelation, and discusses the effect of egg yolk gelation induced by freezing on egg yolk quality. This review focuses on the physical, chemical and biological pretreatments for inhibiting protein aggregation during egg yolk, which is of guiding significance for inhibiting egg yolk gelation induced by freezing and for improving the quality of frozen egg yolk.

Abstract Background Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb deficiency characterized by missing or shortened central digits. Several gene loci have been associated with SHFM. Identifying microduplications at the single-cell level is challenging in clinical practice, and traditional detection methods may lead to misdiagnoses in embryos and pregnant women. Results In this research, we utilized a low cell count and whole-genome amplification products to employ single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, next-generation sequencing, and third-generation sequencing methods to detect copy number variants of microduplications in a SHFM3 case with limited DNA. Additionally, Karyomapping and combined linkage analysis were conducted to validate the results. Conclusions This study establishes a new strategy for identifying microduplications or microdeletions at the single-cell level in clinical preimplantation genetic testing, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of diagnosing microduplication or microdeletion diseases during IVF-PGT and prenatal diagnosis.

Abstract Breast cancer has become the malignant tumor with the first incidence and the second mortality among female cancers. Most female breast cancers belong to luminal-type breast cancer and HER2-positive breast cancer. These breast cancer cells all have different driving genes, which constantly promote the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is an important breast cancer-related gene, which can promote the progress of breast cancer. It has been proved in clinical and basic research that over-expressed and constitutively activated STAT3 is involved in the progress, proliferation, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of breast cancer. STAT3 is an important key target in luminal-type breast cancer and HER2-positive cancer, which has an important impact on the curative effect of related treatments. In breast cancer, the activation of STAT3 will change the spatial position of STAT3 protein and cause different phenotypic changes of breast cancer cells. In the current basic research and clinical research, small molecule inhibitors activated by targeting STAT3 can effectively treat breast cancer, and enhance the efficacy level of related treatment methods for luminal-type and HER2-positive breast cancers.

Abstract Background Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cell therapy has shown remarkable clinical efficacy and safety in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, this efficacy was limited in solid tumors owing to hostile tumor microenvironment (TME). Radiotherapy is commonly used for solid tumors and proved to improve the TME. Therefore, the combination with radiotherapy would be a potential strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy of CAR-NK cells for solid tumors. Methods Glypican-3 (GPC3) was used as a target antigen of CAR-NK cell for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To promote migration towards HCC, CXCR2-armed CAR-NK92 cells targeting GPC3 were first developed, and their cytotoxic and migration activities towards HCC cells were evaluated. Next, the effects of irradiation on the anti-tumor activity of CAR-NK92 cells were assessed in vitro and in HCC-bearing NCG mice. Lastly, to demonstrate the potential mechanism mediating the sensitized effect of irradiation on CAR-NK cells, the differential gene expression profiles induced by irradiation were analyzed and the expression of some important ligands for the NK-cell activating receptors were further determined by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Results In this study, we developed CXCR2-armed GPC3-targeting CAR-NK92 cells that exhibited specific and potent killing activity against HCC cells and the enhanced migration towards HCC cells. Pretreating HCC cells with irradiation enhanced in vitro anti-HCC effect and migration activity of CXCR2-armed CAR-NK92 cells. We further found that only high-dose (8 Gy) but not low-dose (2 Gy) irradiation in one fraction could significantly enhanced in vivo anti-HCC activity of CXCR2-armed CAR-NK92 cells. Irradiation with 8 Gy significantly up-regulated the expression of NK cell-activating ligands on HCC cells. Conclusions Our results indicate the evidence that irradiation could efficiently enhance the anti-tumor effect of CAR-NK cells in solid tumor model. The combination with radiotherapy would be an attractive strategy to improve therapeutic efficacy of CAR-NK cells for solid tumors.

For the development of new energy automobile industry and the trend of automobile lightweight have put forward a huge demand for high-strength lightweight materials, so developing high strength aluminum alloys is particularly momentous. As the most widely used aluminum alloy, 6000 series aluminum alloys (Al–Mg–Si alloys) have the advantages such as better mechanical properties, outstanding welding properties, excellent formability and fine processing capability, and therefore have obtained great attention as the structural materials. In addition, the Al–Mg–Si alloys with low density and corrosion resistance not only reduce the total weight of the car, but also extend the service life when subjected to chemical corrosion, which effectively achieve energy saving and emission reduction. This paper summarizes the research progress of 6000 series aluminum alloys, in particular, and reviews the methods of microalloying and particle strengthening, and their effects on the microstructure and properties of the alloy, thus providing a reference for the subsequent development of high-performance aluminum alloys in automobile and aerospace industries.

Rapid growth in industrial sectors such as automotive and shipbuilding has highlighted the significance of strip casting technology to produce lightweight alloys, particularly aluminum alloys widely used in both industrial production and daily life. Twin-roll casting (TRC), as an economically and environmentally friendly method for slab/strip production and processing, has attracted significant interest from researchers. However, the development of TRC aluminum alloys faces many challenges due to limited understanding of microstructural characteristics and control mechanisms. To further enhance comprehension of TRC aluminum alloys, this article reviews the influencing parameters, control methods, and existing issues related to TRC sub-rapid solidification (SRS) microstructure. It firstly summarizes TRC equipment types and their solidification characteristics, followed by a detailed analysis on key parameters affecting the evolution of TRC microstructure including rolling speed, roll separation force (RSF), and heat transfer coefficient (HTC). Finally, solutions to TRC defects are summarized and evaluated alongside their underlying mechanisms. This article provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics and control mechanisms of TRC microstructure while offering valuable insights for the future production of high-quality TRC aluminum strips.

To optimize the processing technology of Gastrodia elata by water in which millet had been cooked and investigate the effects of LPS-induced microglia (BV2) inflammatory responses. Determination of gastrodin, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, parishin A, parishin B, parishin C, parishin E in the extract of Gastrodia elata by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the content of six components were used as evaluation index, the volume ratio of water in which millet had been cooked to water, cooking time and drying temperature were selected as single factor variables. The designation of orthogonal test was based on single factor on three indicators, then optimization of the preparation technology. Comparison of the content of six components in different processed product. The neuroinflammatory cell model was induced by LPS and the cell viability was evaluated after treatment with the extract of processed products by a Cell Counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β in the cell culture medium were measured with ELISA kits. The protein expressions of TLR4, MYD88, P65, INOS, COX-2, IL-1β in LPS-induced BV2 cells were detected by Western blot. The results showed that the cooking time and the volume ratio of water in which millet had been cooked to water had a significant effect on the test results. The water in which millet had been cooked of Gastrodia elata processing technology: The ratio of the volume water in which millet had been cooked to water was 1:3, the boiling time was 25 min and the temperature of drying was 75 ℃. The comprehensive score of the six components in processing with water in which millet had been cooked products was higher than that of steamed products. The extract of Gastrodia elata had exhibited varying degrees of protective activity on LPS-induced BV2 cells. The results showed that the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β was significantly increased in BV2 microglial cells induced by LPS compared with the normal control group (P

With the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and a deepening understanding of disasters, resilience has received widespread attention in urban drainage systems. The studies on the resilience assessment of urban drainage systems are mostly indirect assessments that did not simulate human behavior affected by rainfall or semi-quantitative assessments that did not build simulation models, but few research characterizes the processes between people and infrastructure to assess resilience directly. Our study developed a dynamic model that integrates urban mobility, flood inundation, and sewer hydrodynamics processes. The model can simulate the impact of rainfall on people's mobility behavior and the full process including runoff generation, runoff entering pipes, node overflow, flood migration, urban mobility, and residential water usage. Then, we assessed the resilience of the urban drainage system under rainfall events from the perspectives of property loss and urban mobility. The study found that the average percentage increase in commuting time under different return periods of rainfall ranged from 6.4 to 203.9%. Calculating the annual expectation of property loss and traffic obstruction, the study found that the annual expectation loss in urban mobility is 9.1% of the annual expectation of property loss if the rainfall is near the morning commuting peak. HIGHLIGHTS Assessed the resilience of the drainage system from the perspectives of property and urban.; Developed a model that integrates urban mobility, flood inundation, and sewer hydrodynamics processes.; The average percentage increase in commuting time ranged from 6.4 to 203.9%.; The annual expectation loss in urban mobility is 9.1% of the annual expectation of property loss if the rainfall is near the morning commuting peak.;

In the global pursuit of energy conservation, reduction in consumption and emissions, as well as lightweighting, 5xxx-series aluminum alloys have emerged as a promising lightweight and high-strength material with a wide range of applications in aerospace, transportation, building structures, medical devices, and more. However, it is worth noting that 5XXX-series aluminum alloys belong to a category of non-heat-treatable reinforced aluminum alloys with limited means of enhancing their properties through heat treatment. Consequently, the development of high-performance 5XXX-series aluminum alloys poses a significant challenge. This paper provides an overview of the research progress on 5xxx-series aluminum alloys while discussing the current state of research regarding the influence of microalloying elements on their microstructure and properties. Furthermore, it elucidates the emerging trends in synergistic regulation between deformation processes and heat treatment processes for enhancing organizational refinement and improving alloy properties. Additionally, this study analyzes the reinforcement mechanism responsible for the exceptional properties exhibited by 5xxx-series aluminum alloys. Lastly, it discusses the exceptional properties exhibited by 5xxx-series alloys along with their primary areas of application. The findings presented herein can serve as a valuable reference for future advancements in advanced high-performance 5xxx-series aluminum alloys.

Rock breaking has always been a challenging problem that must be solved in projects such as excavating mountains, drilling wells, and constructing railways. Among the rock-breaking cutter steels, AISI H13 steel and wear-resistant high manganese steel have become the best choices. From the characteristics and failure modes of the two, rock-breaking cutter steels should simultaneously have high strength, high toughness and high wear resistance to avoid short-term fracture/damage and cost increase. Analyzing the problems existing in the molding process of rock-breaking cutter steels such as die casting, forging, and hot stamping, traditional strengthening technologies such as alloying optimization, heat treatment, and surface treatment can achieve certain performance enhancement. After reaching the limits of traditional strengthening technologies, a series of nanoparticle strengthening technologies came into being. The selection, addition amount, and addition method of nanoparticles all affect the microstructure, mechanical properties and wear. To this end, this article summarizes the research progress and challenges of rock-breaking cutter steels, and discusses traditional strengthening technologies and mainstream nanoparticle strengthening technologies. It provides a reference for the future development of high-quality and high-performance rock-breaking cutter steels, with aim to simultaneously expand their application potentials to other fields.

Abstract From power plants on land to bridges over the sea, safety-critical built environments require periodic inspections for detecting issues to avoid functional discontinuities of these installations. However, navigation paths in these environments are usually challenging as they often contain difficult-to-access spaces (near-millimetre and submillimetre-high gaps) and multiple domains (solid, liquid and even aerial). In this paper, we address these challenges by developing a class of Thin Soft Robots (TS-Robot: thickness, 1.7 mm) that can access narrow spaces and perform cross-domain multimodal locomotion. We adopted a dual-actuation sandwich structure with a tuneable Poisson’s ratio tensioning mechanism for developing the TS-Robots driven by dielectric elastomers, providing them with two types of gaits (linear and undulating), remarkable output force ( ~ 41 times their weight) and speed (1.16 times Body Length/s and 13.06 times Body Thickness/s). Here, we demonstrated that TS-Robots can crawl, climb, swim and collaborate for transitioning between domains in environments with narrow entries.

Abstract Background Schizophrenia (SCZ) patients undergoing antipsychotic treatment demonstrated a high prevalence and harmful effects of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which acted as the major cause of cardiovascular disease. The major clinical challenge is the lack of biomarkers to identify MetS episodes and prevent further damage, while the mechanisms underlying these drug-induced MetS remain unknown. Methods This study divided 173 participants with SCZ into 3 groups (None, High risk, and MetS, consisting of 22, 88, and 63 participants, respectively). The potential biomarkers were searched based on 16S rRNA gene sequence together with metabolism analysis. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of the genus-metabolites panel on early MetS diagnoses. Results A genus-metabolites panel, consisting of Senegalimassilia, sphinganine, dihomo-gamma-linolenoylcholine, isodeoxycholic acid, and MG (0:0/22:5/0:0), which involved in sphigolipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, secondary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerolipid metabolism, has a great discrimination efficiency to MetS with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.911 compared to the None MetS group (P = 1.08E-8). Besides, Senegalimassilia, 3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl carnitine, isodeoxycholic acid, and DG(TXB2/0:0/2:0) distinguished between subgroups robustly and exhibited a potential correlation with the severity of MetS in patients with SCZ, and may act as the biomarkers for early MetS diagnosis. Conclusions Our multi–omics study showed that one bacterial genus-five lipid metabolites panel is the potential risk factor for MetS in SCZ. Furthermore, Senegalimassilia, 3-Hydroxytetradecanoyl carnitine, isodeoxycholic acid, and DG(TXB2/0:0/2:0) could serve as novel diagnostic markers in the early stage. So, it is obvious that the combination of bacterial genus and metabolites yields excellent discriminatory power, and the lipid metabolism provide new understanding to the pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy for MetS in SCZ.

The explosive growth of wireless communications and electronic devices has brought electromagnetic radiation's harmfulness and hidden trouble to light, which has a major impact on electrical equipment's ability to function normally. MXene, a material with favorable features like conductivity, a unique two-dimensional multiple-layer structure and abundant surface functional groups, has made it a viable contender for high-performance microwave-absorbers. This article introduces the synthesis strategy of MXene/MXene-based materials and their parent phase MAX, comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the current progress in the study on the microwave-absorbing properties of MXene/MXene-based materials, analyzes the main problems and bottlenecks. Future research directions for MXene microwave-absorbing are discussed in detail.

Sepsis is a severe systemic infectious disease that often leads to multi-organ dysfunction. One of the common and serious complications of sepsis is renal injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential mechanistic role of a novel compound called H-151 in septic kidney injury. We also examined its impact on renal function and mouse survival rates. Initially, we confirmed abnormal activation of the STING–TBK1 signaling pathway in the kidneys of septic mice. Subsequently, we treated the mice with H-151 and observed significant improvement in sepsis-induced renal dysfunction. This was evidenced by reductions in blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, as well as a marked decrease in inflammatory cytokine levels. Furthermore, H-151 substantially improved the seven-day survival rate of septic mice, indicating its therapeutic potential. Importantly, H-151 also exhibited an inhibitory effect on renal apoptosis levels, further highlighting its mechanism of protecting against septic kidney injury. These study findings not only offer new insights into the treatment of septic renal injury but also provide crucial clues for further investigations into the regulatory mechanisms of the STING–TBK1 signaling pathway and potential drug targets.

Fermentation is a promising approach for improving the utilization of soybean meal (SM) by aquaculture fish, and the strain is the core of microbial fermentation processes. Herein, Pediococcus pentosaceus YC64, an autochthonous probiotic isolated from the intestine of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was applied to the fermentation of raw SM. In an eight-week feeding trial, tilapia juveniles were divided into two treatments fed on diets with 0 % (Control) and 100 % of SM protein replaced by fermented SM (FSM). Results showed that solid-state fermentation improved SM quality indicated by increased acid-soluble protein contents. Fish fed the FSM diet had significantly higher weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency compared to those fed the SM diet. Furthermore, whole-body protein content significantly increased in the FSM-fed fish, accompanied with the increased amino acid transport and reduced protein catabolism. Texture profile analysis indicated that fish fed the FSM diet had reduced muscle hardness compared with the control, which was associated with changes in collagen deposition and myofiber development. Moreover, feeding an FSM diet enhanced goblet cell proliferation and stimulated mucin secretion, ultimately leading to improved intestinal tight junctions and reduced inflammatory response. Besides, the FSM diet feeding altered intestinal microbiota community, characterized by increased abundance of Pediococcus. Overall, P. pentosaceus YC64 exhibits promise as a fermentation strain in the production of FSM. The FSM performed better than SM in improving the growth performance, feed utilization, and intestine health of Nile tilapia.

To reveal the law of surface movement in mining steeply inclined ore body of metal mines and effectively predict the range of surface movement, taking the surface movement of the hanging wall of steeply inclined orebody mining in Gongchangling Iron Mine as an example, a mechanical model for calculating surface principal stress distribution and surface prone-cracking range was established. The topography, waste rock back filling and mining depth were considered in the mechanical model. Based on the mechanical model, the mechanical relation between the subsidence angle and the surface prone-cracking range was established, and the definition of subsidence angle was supplemented: the subsidence angle is the angle measured from the horizontal of the moving boundary line, a straight line with a displacement of 0 from the edge of the deepest extraction level to the surface and the largest surface cracking range. A trial calculation method for calculating the subsidence angle was proposed: by presetting different subsidence angles, the subsidence angle corresponding to maximum surface prone-cracking range calculated by mechanical model is the real subsidence angle. After the real subsidence angle is obtained, the surface prone-cracking range and depth can be determined by the mechanical model. At the same time, based on the limit equilibrium principle, the mechanical relation between the surface prone-cracking range and the slip of block was established, and the calculation method of the surface potential collapse range was proposed: the range can be determined by setting up limit equilibrium equations for potential sliding blocks corresponding to different cracking points in the surface prone-cracking range, and determining whether the blocks will undergo shear slip in turn. The subsidence angle at hanging wall caused by underground mining of the footwall iron-bearing belt of Gongchangling Iron Mine is 60°, the horizontal distance from the location with initial slip risk to the initial mining location is 130m, and the potential slip angle is 55°. According to the field experience of combined open-pit and underground mining in Gongchangling Iron Mine, timely and compact backfill of underground goaf and optimization of mining space-time sequence and mining intensity can effectively control surface movement, and realize safe combined mining of open-pit and underground in metal mine.

Abstract Background The functional integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) influences surgical decision-making in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the functional status of ACL. Methods We analyzed 306 knees retrospectively using preoperative hip-to-ankle anteroposterior standing (APS) radiographs, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral knee radiographs, AP valgus stress (VS) force radiographs, and standard orthogonal MRI. Based on the intraoperative visualization, the knees were grouped into ACL functionally-intact and ACL functionally-deficient (ACLD) groups. The diagnostic validity and reliability were calculated based on the radiograph parameters such as hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), sagittal tibiofemoral subluxation (STFS), coronal tibiofemoral subluxation (CTFS), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), the maximum wear point of the proximal tibia plateau (MWPPT%), and MRI parameters including ACL grades and MWPPT%. Results HKA, MPTA, PTS, STFS, JLCA, and CTFS on APS and AP radiographs, and MWPPT% on radiographs and MRI showed a significant diagnostic value (P

Abstract Background Despite the efficacy of absolute ethanol (EtOH), its radiolucency introduces several risks in interventional therapy for treating vascular malformations. This study aims to develop a novel radiopaque ethanol injection (REI) to address this issue. Methods Iopromide is mixed with ethanol to achieve radiopacity and improve the physicochemical properties of the solution. Overall, 82 male New Zealand white rabbits are selected for in vivo radiopacity testing, peripheral vein sclerosis [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 6): negative control (NC, saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), low-dose REI (L-D REI, 0.125 ml/kg), moderate-dose REI (M-D REI, 0.250 ml/kg), and high-dose REI (H-D REI 0.375 ml/kg)], pharmacokinetic analyses (the blood sample was harvested before injection, 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h after injection in peripheral vein sclerosis experiment), peripheral artery embolization [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (saline, 0.250 ml/kg), positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)], kidney transcatheter arterial embolization [animals were divided into the following 4 groups (n = 3): positive control (EtOH, 0.250 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg); each healthy kidney was injected with saline as negative control], and biosafety evaluations [animals were divided into the following 5 groups (n = 3): NC (0.250 ml/kg), high-dose EtOH (0.375 ml/kg), L-D REI (0.125 ml/kg), M-D REI (0.250 ml/kg), and H-D REI (0.375 ml/kg)]. Then, a prospective cohort study involving 6 patients with peripheral venous malformations (VMs) is performed to explore the clinical safety and effectiveness of REI. From Jun 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023, 6 patients [age: (33.3 ± 17.2) years] with lingual VMs received sclerotherapy of REI and 2-month follow-up. Adverse events and serious adverse events were evaluated, whereas the efficacy of REI was determined by both the traceability of the REI under DSA throughout the entire injection and the therapeutic effect 2 months after a single injection. Results The REI contains 81.4% ethanol (v/v) and 111.3 mg/ml iodine, which can be traced throughout the injection in the animals and patients. The REI also exerts a similar effect as EtOH on peripheral venous sclerosis, peripheral arterial embolization, and renal embolization. Furthermore, the REI can be metabolized at a similar rate compared to EtOH and Ultravist® and did not cause injury to the animals’ heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain. No REI-related adverse effects have occurred during sclerotherapy of VMs, and 4/6 patients (66.7%) have achieved complete response at follow-up. Conclusion In conclusion, REI is safe, exerts therapeutic effects, and compensates for the radiolucency of EtOH in treating VMs. Trial registration The clinical trial was registered as No. ChiCTR2300071751 on May 24 2023.

Abstract Background Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM), also known as pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, is a rare vascular developmental anomaly. Most cases of PAVM are associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Hemothorax associated with PAVM is even rarer, and management concerning this complication still challenges. Case presentation A 55-year-old man with sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain was admitted to our hospital. He had a medical history of epistaxis, intraperitoneal germ cell tumor and PAVM. Chest unenhanced CT revealed the left-sided pleural effusion together with partial passive atelectasis and gradual increase at the interval of six days. Diagnostic thoracocentesis further revealed hemorrhagic effusion. CT angiography (CTA) showed tortuously dilated lumen of the left lower pulmonary artery and PAVM with the formation of aneurysm. Due to his family's refusal of surgery, the patient underwent transcatheter embolization therapy. However, the left pleural effusion did not significantly reduce and there was a slow drop in hemoglobin value even after interventional treatment, indicating the possibility of ongoing active bleeding. Eventually, the patient received lobectomy of the left lower lobe with a satisfactory outcome. Conclusions Massive hemothorax resulting from PAVM rupture into the pleural space can lead to fatal outcomes. CTA can accurately diagnose this pathologic condition. Transcatheter embolization is frequently used in the treatment of PAVM, but it may be challenging to achieve the desirable effect in patients with hemothorax. Combined with our case and literature review, direct radical surgery can lead to a successful outcome when PAVM complicated with hemothorax and a large diameter of the draining vein.

Increasingly frequent urban floods strain the traditional grey infrastructure, overwhelming the capacity of drainage networks and causing challenges in managing stormwater. The heavy precipitation leads to flooding and damage to drainage systems. Consequently, efficient mitigation strategies for flooding have been researched deeply. Green infrastructure (GI) has proved to be effective in responding the increasing risk of flood and alleviate pressure on drainage systems. However, as the primary infrastructure of stormwater management, there is still a lack of attention to the dynamic operation feature of urban sewer systems during precipitation events. To fill this gap, we proposed a novel approach that integrates hydraulic characteristics and the topological structure of a sewer network system. This approach aims to identify influential nodes, which contribute to the connectivity of the sewer network amidst dynamic changes in inflow during precipitation events. Furthermore, we adopted rain barrels to serve as exemplars of GI, and 14 GI layout schemes are produced based on the different ranks of influential nodes. Implementing GI measures on both poorly performing and well-performing nodes can yield distinct benefits in mitigating node flooding. This approach provides a new perspective for stormwater management, establishing effective synergy between GI and the drainage system. HIGHLIGHTS We propose a novel approach that integrates hydraulic characteristics and the topological structure of drainage systems to identify influential nodes.; The results highlight the importance of targeted GI implementation on both poorly performing and well-performing nodes in alleviating urban flood risks.; The research introduces a new perspective on creating a synergistic relationship between GI and drainage systems.;

4,4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-sindacene (BODIPY) is a sort of photofunctional dye which possesses advantages including strong light-capturing property, high photon-resistance, etc. Meso-N substituted aza-BODIPY is a crucial derivative of BODIPY scaffold that has the favorable optical properties and a significant spectral redshift. The photophysical properties can be tuned by molecular design, and the attenuation path of the excited state energy release of absorbed light energy can be well controlled via structural modifications, enabling tailored application. It has been extensively employed in life medicine fields including fluorescence imaging diagnosis, photodynamic therapy photosensitizer and photothermal therapy reagent and so forth. Extensive research and review have been performed in these areas. However, BODIPYs/aza-BODIPYs have a significant role in energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, photo-responsive materials and other fields. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies and reviews in these fields on the modification and application based on BODIPY/aza-BODIPY scaffold. Herein, in this review we summarized the application of BODIPY/aza-BODIPY in the aforementioned fields, with the molecular regulation of dye as the foundation and the utilization in the above fields as the objective, in the intention of providing inspiration for the exploration of innovative BODIPY/aza-BODIPY research in the field of light resource conversion and functional materials.

The further development of lightweight and energy-saving engineering materials is a great challenge for scientists in the 21st century. Magnesium and its composites, as the metal materials with the lowest density among metal structural materials, have good thermal conductivity, good dimensional stability, high specific strength, good biocompatibility, which can meet the requirements of energy-saving, emission reduction, environmental protection. In recent years, magnesium and its composites have found the major applications in various fields such as aerospace, automotive industry, electronics and medical industry. However, the fabrication of magnesium matrix composites is difficult, and the deformation behaviors and strengthening mechanisms of particulate reinforced magnesium matrix composites have unique characteristics. This article reviews the recent research progress of the magnesium matrix composites, including different fabrication methods and strengthening mechanisms. According to the classification of solidification rate, the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques used to fabricate magnesium matrix composites were introduced. The traditional and novel fabrication techniques were discussed. The influence mechanisms of particulates on solidification microstructures, recrystallization behaviors, texture strength and twin behaviors of magnesium matrix composites during solidification and extrusion were summarized, and the roles of particulates in solidification and extrusion of magnesium matrix composites were analyzed. The strengthening mechanisms of particulates on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance and creep resistance of magnesium matrix composites were revealed. Finally, the development prospect and research direction of magnesium matrix composites were prospected. It is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the further development of magnesium matrix composites.

Magnesium alloys, acknowledged as the environmentally-friendly engineering material of the 21st century, are ideally suited to fulfill the requirements of lightweight manufacturing. However, the poor plasticity of magnesium alloys hampers their further application. Subsequently, development of nanoparticle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites has been proven to be a promising way to enhance the comprehensive performance of magnesium alloys. The exceptional performance achieved even by very small number of reinforcements stimulated innovation in preparation techniques and in-depth analysis of reinforcement mechanisms. This paper provides a review on key challenges related to their processing, the profound impact of different micro-nanoparticle reinforcements on the microstructure and properties of magnesium matrix composites during solidification and subsequent deformation machining. Additionally, the reinforcement mechanisms of the excellent mechanical performance of the composites are also discussed. This study can provide valuable insights for the understanding of the selection of appropriate reinforcements and processing to optimize the performance nanoparticle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites.

This paper focuses on the effects and mechanisms of rare earth and calcium on the flame retardancy of magnesium alloys. Rare earth elements form dense composite oxide films on the surface of the melt, effectively inhibiting the progress of oxidation reactions and significantly increasing the ignition temperature of magnesium alloys. The mechanisms and optimal compositional ranges of different rare earth elements on the flame retardancy of magnesium alloys. Calcium form CaO-rich oxide films in magnesium alloys, which can effectively prevent oxygen diffusion and enhance the flame-retardant resistance of the alloy. When rare earth elements are compounded with calcium, a notable flame-retardant effect is observed. Composite application can maximize the flame-retardant effect of alloy elements while balancing the influence on various properties. Additionally, the authors illustrate through their own research that precise compositional optimization design is required to efficiently exploit the synergistic effects of RE and Ca and mitigate their adverse impacts.