Search

Abstract Objective Young adults experiencing homelessness often suffer from adverse mental health outcomes and suicide is a leading cause of death. The objective of this study is to examine service use and psychosocial risk factors for suicide, in relation to suicide risk assessment, to inform strategies for engaging youth in suicide prevention services. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of youth enrolled in a supportive housing randomized clinical trial. We categorized suicide risk into three groups (low-, moderate-, and high-risk) based on suicidal ideation and past-year suicide attempt. The service use patterns across these groups are described, as well as other psychosocial risk factors (psychiatric comorbidity, depressive symptoms, substance use, and sleep impairment). Results Among 193 enrolled youth, 126 (65.3%), 32 (16.6%), and 35 (18.1%) were categorized as low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk for suicide, respectively. A high proportion of youth reported ever having been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder (57.5%) and cannabis was the most heavily used substance. However, only a minority of youth received medical care or mental health services in the past 3 months, 40% and 34%, respectively. Even fewer youth received mental/emotional health services in the past 3 months (15%), though use was highest among the high-risk group (34%). Conclusion Understanding the needs of youth experiencing homelessness who are at risk for suicide is critical to developing interventions to alleviate their risk for suicide. Given that the use of medical and mental health care is low among this population, more active outreach strategies may be warranted to deliver prevention interventions.

The high-level biosafety laboratory is not only the basic support for infectious disease prevention and control, but also interrelated with key areas such as environmental security and social security, which has attracted increasing attention. A good indoor environment is the premise to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment and biological risk prevention and control. In order to better understand the indoor environment of high-level biosafety laboratories, 19 high-level biosafety laboratories in China (with a total of 65 main rooms) were carefully selected as the test objects from December 2020 to December 2022. According to the test methods specified in the Chinese standard GB 50346, the air change, cleanliness, static pressure difference, temperature, relative humidity, and illumination were tested and analyzed. The results showed that all the measured parameters met the requirements of the Chinese standard GB 50346, and the bio-safety performance was completely satisfactory. However, individual parameters showed some overlarge values: the proportion of main rooms with cleanliness levels of 7 and 8 exceeding 50% of the lower limit for air changes was 54.5% and 69.8%, respectively; the proportion of main rooms in BSL-3-b1 laboratories with atmospheric pressure differentials exceeding 50% of the standard lower limit was 94.7%; and the atmospheric pressure differential in the main rooms of BSL-3-b2 laboratories reached a maximum of nearly -160 Pa. On the premise of ensuring the cleanliness and pressure gradient of the main room, it may be possible to reduce the air change. This study, for the first time, reveals the environmental parameters of various types and levels of biosafety laboratories, which can provide reference for the design and operation of such facilities.

Foodborne pathogens exist primarily as biofilms in the food processing environment. Different from planktonic bacteria, biofilm has a complex structure, strong adhesion and high resistance to conventional disinfection methods. Cinnamaldehyde, a plant-derived compound, has garnered widespread attention as a new strategy for combating foodborne pathogen biofilms due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and significant inhibitory effect on biofilm. This paper summarizes recent progress in research on cinnamaldehyde’s antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects on common foodborne pathogens. The underlying mechanism of action is systematically analyzed from three aspects: anti-bacterial adhesion, antibacterial and anti-quorum sensing effects. Furthermore, the application of nanoscale cinnamaldehyde as antibacterial agent is elaborated. The aim is to provide a reference for the prevention and control of biofilm in order to better guarantee food quality and safety.

Based on immersion weight loss and electrochemical methods, the corrosion behavior of cast Ti2AlNb alloy in HF–HNO3 solution was investigated. The corrosion effects of HF and HNO3 on Ti2AlNb alloy were elucidated by examining the impact of varying concentrations of HF and HNO3 in mixed pickling solution on corrosion rate and surface roughness, as well as comparing and analyzing changes in macroscopic surfaces, microscopic morphology, and three-dimensional morphology before and after pickling. The electrochemical behavior of Ti2AlNb alloys in different concentrations of HF and HNO3 solutions was revealed by measuring the OCP-time and polarization curves of Ti2AlNb alloys in HF–HNO3 mixed pickling solutions. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion rate of Ti2AlNb alloy increased linearly with the increasing concentrations of HF and HNO3. Surface roughness increases with higher HF content, but decreases with higher HNO3 content after reaching a certain maximum value. The high concentrations of HNO₃ exert a pronounced passivation effect, which results in a reduction of surface roughness. However, it also has the tendency to produce pitting corrosion in coarse O/α2 phases at grain boundaries and within the grain. Scanning Kelvin probe atomic force microscopy (SKPFM) combined with microstructural analysis revealed that the electrochemical system consisting of matrix B2 phase and secondary phase governs the high localized dissolution rate of Ti2AlNb alloy. Additionally, the segregation of elements at grain boundaries accelerates corrosion, leading to more severe degradation in those regions. This study provides an experimental basis for understanding the corrosion behavior of Ti2AlNb alloy in HF–HNO3 solution.

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study is to evaluate the accuracy of a digital template on the three-dimensional accuracy of edentulous implantation through a retrospective study to provide more clinical evidence for the use of digital templates in edentulous patient. Materials and methods This study evaluates the efficacy of a digital surgical template in edentulous jaws, comparing preoperative plans with postoperative outcomes across four metrics: platform, apex, depth, and angular deviations. Utilizing a patient with an edentulous maxilla as a case study, this research employs CBCT for preoperative and postoperative assessments, with deviations analyzed via 3-Shape software. Comparing these deviations with average deviations in lierature. Results The average platform deviations at positions 12, 14, 16, 22, 24, 26 were 0.98 ± 0.03 mm, 1.43 ± 0.02 mm, 1.27 ± 0.04 mm, 1.35 ± 0.03 mm, 1.34 ± 0.02 mm, and 1.42 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. The average apex deviations were 1.28 ± 0.02 mm, 1.39 ± 0.03 mm, 1.47 ± 0.04 mm, 1.26 ± 0.04 mm, 1.40 ± 0.04 mm, and 1.48 ± 0.03 mm, respectively, the average angular deviations were 3.50°± 0.08°, 2.87°± 0.07°, 3.49°± 0.06°, 3.36°± 0.10°, 3.41°± 0.13°, and 3.69°± 0.11°, and average depth deviations were 0.29 ± 0.03 mm, 0.26 ± 0.05 mm, 0.59 ± 0.05 mm, 0.28 ± 0.04 mm, 0.47 ± 0.02 mm, 0.53 ± 0.03 mm. Compared with a total mean deviation of 1.2 mm (1.04 mm to 1.44 mm) of platform deviation, 1.4 mm (1.28 mm to 1.58 mm) of apex deviation, angular deviation of 3.5°(3.0° to 3.96°) and depth deviation of 0.2 mm (-0.25 mm to 0.57 mm) reported in literature. While all measured deviations fell within clinically acceptable limits, certain parameters exceeded the benchmarks, suggesting areas for improvement in digital surgical planning and execution. Conclusions This study indicates that while all measured deviations fell within clinically acceptable limits, certain parameters exceeded the benchmarks, suggesting areas for improvement in digital surgical planning and execution. Based on these data, the potential of digital guide plates to fulfill precision requirements in edentulous jaw implantation can be proved, contributing valuable insights into the optimization of implant surgery protocols. Clinical relevance Now, the digital template is accepted by many doctors. However, clinical research has not thoroughly verified whether the new digital technology is more accurate than traditional technology. So, this study aims to explore the effect of a whole-process digital template on edentulous implantation and provide more clinical evidence.

Abstract Background Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is defined as cell death sufficient to activate an adaptive immune response in an immunocompetent host. Cuproptosis is induced by increased intracellular toxicity due to copper ion accumulation. ICD and cuproptosis have great potential in regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Methods We used transcriptome data from TCGA database to identify two subtypes based on consensus clustering and explored the differences between the two groups. We further combined ICD- and cuproptosis-related genes to develop a signature and predict OS, immune status, and treatment responses in HCC patients. An ICGC cohort was used for external validation. Results Patients in the groups with high expression of ICD- and cuproptosis-related genes had higher levels of immune cell infiltration and a better immunotherapeutic response. Eight related genes (BAX, HSP90AA1, IFNB1, LY96, NT5E, LIPT1, DLAT, and CDKN2A) were screened for the prognostic signature. The survival analysis revealed that patients in the low-risk group were less likely to die at an early stage than were those in the high-risk group. The signature also showed better results in predicting immune cell infiltration and the treatment response. Conclusions Our study revealed that the prognostic signature constructed by combining ICD- and cuproptosis-related genes performs well in predicting the survival of patients with HCC and is closely associated with immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy.

Abstract Aims We aim to investigate the causal effect of blood lipids mediating sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods and results A two‐sample two‐step MR study was conducted to evaluate the association of SGLT2 inhibition with CVDs and the mediation effects of blood lipids linking SGLT2 inhibition with CVDs. Genetic instruments for SGLT2 inhibition were identified as genetic variants, which were associated with the expression of the SLC5A2 gene and glycated haemoglobin level (HbA1c). SGLT2 inhibition was associated with reduced risk of heart failure (HF) (OR 0.44 [95% CI 0.32–0.61]; P = 6.0 × 10−7), atrial fibrillation (AF) (0.47 [0.37–0.61]; P = 1.81 × 10−8), coronary artery disease (CAD) (0.47 [0.30–0.73]; P = 7.46 × 10−4), myocardial infarction (MI) (0.30 [0.15–0.61]; P = 7.44 × 10−4), any stroke (AS) (0.28 [0.18–0.42]; P = 1.14 × 10−9), and ischaemic stroke (IS) (0.27 [0.17–0.44]; P = 1.97 × 10−7). Our results indicated that the proportion mediated of the mediating effect of total cholesterol was 1.7% (OR 0.99 [95% CI 0.98, 0.99], P = 0.004), 4.7% (0.96 [0.95, 0.98], P = 0.002), and 2.7% (0.97 [0.95, 0.98], P = 0.002) in the association between SGLT2 inhibition and the risk of HF, CAD, and MI, respectively. For low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the proportion mediated of the mediating effect was 2.2% for HF (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.98, 0.99], P = 0.003), 8.6% for CAD (0.93 [0.91, 0.95], P = 5.74 × 10−4), and 5.0% for MI (0.95 [0.94, 0.96], P = 6.97 × 10−4). For non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the proportion mediated of the mediating effect was 3.4% for HF (OR 0.98 [95% CI 0.97, 0.98], P = 4.42 × 10−6), 11.8% for CAD (0.92 [0.90, 0.93], P = 7.23 × 10−8), 5.7% for MI (0.94 [0.92, 0.95], P = 8.17 × 10−7), 1.5% for AS (0.98 [0.98, 0.99], P = 0.001), and 1.4% for IS (0.98 [0.98, 0.99], P = 0.004). Conclusions Our study showed the association of SGLT2 inhibition with the reduced risk of CVDs and blood lipids might mediate this association.

Although Guangxi represents one of the distribution centres of begonias in China, the sect. Diploclinium (Wright) A. DC is not well documented herein. In this article, we illustrate a new species belonging to this section, Begonia fangchengensis Y.N.Huang, X.X. Feng & R.K.Li, which has been discovered in southern Guangxi. Begonia fangchengensis mostly resembles B. rotundilimba in elliptic leaf blade, palmate veins, dichasial cyme, three styles, axile placentation, and unequally 3-winged capsule. On the other hand, B. fangchengensis is characterized by creeping rhizome, pilose stipule, red and densely pilose petiole, pubescent leaf blade and pilose inflorescence bract, sparsely pilose ovary and the zygomorphic androecium, differing from the erect stem at anthesis, the green and densely villous petiole, the glabrous stipule, leaf blade, inflorescence bract, ovary and actinomorphic androecium in B. rotundilimba. Considering its small population size and narrow distribution, its conservation status is categorized as ‘Endangered (D)’ according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

As a crucial category of polyhydroxyl active compounds in tea, tea polyphenols have a variety of pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial and delaying senility, and more and more attention has been paid to their bioavailability. In this paper, the principles and application status of 6 extraction methods (solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction, ultra-high pressure extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis) of tea polyphenols at home and abroad were summarized, the principles and research progress of 4 purification technologies (chromatography, adsorption, membrane separation and precipitation) of tea polyphenols were summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of different extraction and purification techniques in extraction and purification efficiency, safety and applicability were analyzed, aiming to develop more efficient, safe, green and low-cost extraction and purification combination technology, and to provide a new idea for the subsequent application of tea polyphenols.

Abstract Background As a feed additive, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs)/medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCTs) have been used in ruminant production, but mostly added in the form of mixed esters. Studies have shown that MCTs may have a positive effect on feed intake or oxidative stress in animals, but it is unclear which MCT could play a role, and the mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, the effects of individual MCT on growth performance, serum intake-related hormones, and oxidative stress indices in finishing bulls were investigated and further studied the effects of MCT supplementation on gastrointestinal tract bacteria and rumen fluid metabolomics. Results Four ruminally fistulated Yanbian cattle (bulls) were selected in 4 × 4 Latin square designs and allocated to four treatment groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal diet (total mixed ration, TMR), three groups fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 g/bull/day glycerol monocaprylin (GMC, C8), glycerol monodecanoate (GMD, C10), and glycerol monolaurate (GML, C12), respectively. Compared with the CON group, GMD tended to increase the dry matter intake (DMI) of finishing bulls (P = 0.069). Compared with the CON group, GMD significantly increased the concentration of ghrelin O-acyl transferase (GOAT), total ghrelin (TG), acylated ghrelin (AG), and orexins (P

Abstract Neutrophilic inflammation contributes to multiple chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile human nasal mucosa obtained from the inferior turbinates, middle turbinates, and nasal polyps of CRSwNP patients, we identify two IL-1 signaling-induced cell subsets—LY6D + club cells and IDO1 + fibroblasts—that promote neutrophil recruitment by respectively releasing S100A8/A9 and CXCL1/2/3/5/6/8 into inflammatory regions. IL-1β, a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in IL-1 signaling, induces the transdifferentiation of LY6D + club cells and IDO1 + fibroblasts from primary epithelial cells and fibroblasts, respectively. In an LPS-induced neutrophilic CRSwNP mouse model, blocking IL-1β activity with a receptor antagonist significantly reduces the numbers of LY6D + club cells and IDO1 + fibroblasts and mitigates nasal inflammation. This study implicates the function of two cell subsets in neutrophil recruitment and demonstrates an IL-1-based intervention for mitigating neutrophilic inflammation in CRSwNP.

Dermatophytosis is distributed worldwide， with a global prevalence of 20%-25%， while allergic diseases have a high prevalence of 10%-45% in the global population. In recent years， research on the correlation between dermatophytosis and allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis， atopic dermatitis， and asthma has been reported successively， highlighting a previously overlooked relationship between dermatophytes and allergic diseases. This review summarizes the research progress on fungal allergens， the correlation between dermatophytosis and allergic diseases， as well as the mechanisms of interaction， aiming to provide insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of dermatophytosis and allergic diseases.

IntroductionStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can be transmitted to humans through the meat diet routes, causing necrotising pneumonia.MethodsThis study investigated the therapeutic effect of bacteriophage lysin LysGH15 on necrotising pneumonia in rabbit model caused by S. aureus.ResultsIn the in vitro experiments, 50 μg/mL LysGH15 not only significantly reduced the viable count (approximately 3.24 × 106 CFU/g) of chicken meat stored at 4°C for 48 h but also effectively reduced the viable count of chicken meat thawed at 4°C and 30°C, with reductions of approximately 1.42 × 106 CFU/g and 2.78 × 106 CFU/g, respectively. In the in vivo experiments, a single intranasal administration of 300 μg/rabbit increased the survival rate of rabbits to 60%. At 72 h postinfection, the number of bacteria in the lung tissues of the rabbits treated with LysGH15 was 7 × 104 CFU/g, which was significantly lower than that in the lung tissues of rabbits treated with PBS (7.76 × 106 CFU/g) or linezolid (6.38 × 105 CFU/g). In addition, LysGH15 treatment alleviated lung tissue damage in infected rabbits and significantly reduced the levels of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), alpha-toxin (Hla), and the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-8 in their lung tissues, similar to those in rabbits treated with linezolid.DiscussionThese results suggest that LysGH15 has the potential to be used as a novel antimicrobial agent for the treatment of necrotising pneumonia caused by S. aureus.

BackgroundAs an inherent cognitive process in the pursuit of progress among college students, achievement motivation has become an indispensable facet of daily life. This study aims to investigate the association between physical exercise and achievement motivation, while also examining the mediating roles played by self-efficacy and life satisfaction.MethodsThis study employed a cross-sectional survey methodology, with a sample of 900 Chinese university students as the research participants. A total of 844 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The participants completed various scales, including measures of sports activity level, self-efficacy, life satisfaction, and achievement motivation. Subsequently, comprehensive descriptive statistical analyses were conducted on the gathered data.Results and conclusionA significant positive correlation is present between physical exercise and achievement motivation (r = 0.464, p

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation, leading to a higher risk of all-cause mortality. The Pan-Immune Inflammation Value (PIV), a novel biomarker capturing immune-inflammatory activity, has shown prognostic value in various diseases. However, its role in predicting outcomes in RA patients remains largely unexplored.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between PIV and all-cause mortality in RA patients, investigate nonlinear relationships, and identify threshold effects.MethodsData from the 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used, including 1,882 RA patients. PIV was calculated as (neutrophil count×platelet count×monocyte count)/lymphocyte count and categorized into quartiles (Q1–Q4). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were applied to assess the relationship between PIV and mortality, with results expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic splines (RCS) explored nonlinear trends, and segmented Cox regression identified threshold effects. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and subgroup analyses validated the findings and assessed potential modifiers.ResultsElevated PIV levels were strongly associated with increased all-cause mortality. Compared to Q1, adjusted HRs for Q2, Q3, and Q4 were 1.60 (95% CI: 1.01–2.53, P = 0.047), 1.70 (95% CI: 1.10–2.63, P = 0.016), and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.33–3.37, P = 0.002), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). RCS analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship with a threshold at PIV = 302. Below this threshold, increasing PIV was associated with higher mortality risk (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.07–2.61, P = 0.024). Conversely, above the threshold, further increases in PIV were linked to reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99, P = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a clear decline in survival probability with increasing PIV quartiles (P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent findings, with a notable interaction observed in diabetic patients (P for interaction = 0.002).ConclusionsPIV is a significant and independent predictor of all-cause mortality in RA patients, characterized by a nonlinear association and a distinct threshold effect. These findings highlight the potential of PIV as a pragmatic biomarker for stratifying mortality risk and informing personalized treatment strategies in RA.

Green credit financing (GCF) is a specialized financial service offered by banks, aimed at incentivizing borrowers to engage in environmentally sustainable investments, and thus promote sustainable development. It is worth noting that in the practical economic environment, the ability of enterprises to adapt their production and green investment decisions to unforeseen market demand is critical for their green credit financing. This paper investigates a joint production and green investment optimization problem of manufacturers financed through GCF under uncertain demand. Only the interval bound of the demand are known. The problem is initially formulated as a min-max regret model to maximize robustness. Based on problem characterizations, an optimal joint production and green investment decision is proposed. To determine the effectiveness of the proposed decision, computational experiments are conducted on real-world instances. Besides, sensitivity analysis is conducted to derive managerial insights on the implementation of GCF under uncertain demand.

BackgroundSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been reported to be very common among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the prevalence of SIBO is highly variable. We conducted this study to calculate the prevalence and identify predictors of SIBO in IBD.MethodsPubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception to March 2024 were searched for studies evaluating the prevalence of SIBO in IBD. We calculated the pooled prevalence of SIBO among IBD patients and the odds ratio (OR) of SIBO in IBD compared with healthy controls. Besides, we also evaluated predictors of SIBO in IBD patients.ResultsTwenty-nine studies (3,250 IBD, 708 controls) were included in our study. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in IBD was 31.0% (95% CI 25.2–37.1), and the prevalence of SIBO was higher in IBD compared with healthy controls (OR 5.25, 95% CI 2.96–9.32). The pooled prevalence of SIBO was higher among CD patients (32.2, 95% CI 25.9–38.8) compared with UC patients (27.8, 95% CI 18.5–38.1). The odds of lower BMI (mean difference = −1.04; 95% CI −1.86 to −0.23), bloating (OR = 3.02, 95% CI 1.22–7.5), flatulence (OR = 4.70, 95% CI 1.44–15.35), history of abdominal surgery (OR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.35–3.11), and stricturing/penetrating disease behavior (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.67–7.40) increased significantly in IBD patients with SIBO compared to those without SIBO. Antibiotic treatment may be effective for SIBO in IBD patients.ConclusionNearly one-third of IBD patients present with SIBO positive, and the odds of SIBO in IBD was increased by 5.25-fold compared with healthy controls. Lower BMI, bloating, flatulence, history of abdominal surgery, and stricturing/penetrating disease behavior were predictors of SIBO in IBD patients.

This study aims to develop a reliable predictive model for assessing intracranial aneurysm (IA) instability by utilizing four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D-Flow MRI) and high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI). Initially, we curated a prospective dataset, dubbed the primary cohort, by aggregating patient data that was consecutively enrolled across two centers from November 2018 to November 2021. Unstable aneurysms were defined as those with symptoms, morphological change or ruptured during follow-up periods. We introduce a specialized ensemble learning framework, termed the Hybrid Model, which synergistically combines two heterogeneous base learning algorithms: 4D-Flow logistic regression (4D-Flow-LR) and Multi-crop Attention Branch Network (MicroAB-Net). The ability of the hybrid model to predict aneurysm instability was compared with baseline models: PHASES (population, hypertension, age, size, earlier rupture, and site) LR, ELAPSS (earlier subarachnoid hemorrhage, location, age, population, size, and shape) LR, aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) LR, and Radiomics using the area under the curve (AUC) with Delong's test. Finally, the Hybrid Model was further validated in the validation cohort (patients enrolled between December 2021 to May 2022). In the primary cohort, 189 patients (144 women [76.2 ​%]; aged 58.90 years ​± ​10.32) with 213 IAs were included. In the validation cohort, 48 patients (35 women [72.9 ​%]; aged 55.0 years ​± ​10.77) with 53 IAs were included. The Hybrid Model achieved the highest performance both in the primary cohort (AUC ​= ​0.854) and the validation cohort (AUC ​= ​0.876). The Hybrid model provided a promising prediction of aneurysm instability.

Objective The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. Methods The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Results Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, non-structural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. Conclusion In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

Abstract To evaluate whether radiomics models based on unenhanced paranasal sinuses CT images could be a useful tool for differentiating inverted papilloma (IP) from chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps (CRSwNP). This retrospective study recruited 240 patients with CRSwNP and 106 patients with IP from three centers. 253 patients from Qilu Hospital were randomly divided into the training set (n = 151) and the internal validation set (n = 102) with a ratio of 6:4. 93 patients from the other two centers were used as the external validation set. The patients with the unilateral disease (n = 115) from Qilu Hospital were selected to further develop a subgroup analysis. Lesion segmentation was manually delineated in CT images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm was performed for feature reduction and selection. Decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and adaptive boosting regressor were employed to establish the differential diagnosis models. 43 radiomic features were selected for modeling. Among the models, RF achieved the best results, with an AUC of 0.998, 0.943, and 0.934 in the training set, the internal validation set, and the external validation set, respectively. In the subgroup analysis, RF achieved an AUC of 0.999 in the training set and 0.963 in the internal validation set. The proposed radiomics models offered a non-invasion and accurate differential approach between IP and CRSwNP and has some significance in guiding clinicians determining the best treatment plans, as well as predicting the prognosis.

Abstract End-to-end speech to text translation aims to directly translate speech from one language into text in another, posing a challenging cross-modal task particularly in scenarios of limited data. Multi-task learning serves as an effective strategy for knowledge sharing between speech translation and machine translation, which allows models to leverage extensive machine translation data to learn the mapping between source and target languages, thereby improving the performance of speech translation. However, in multi-task learning, finding a set of weights that balances various tasks is challenging and computationally expensive. We proposed an adaptive multi-task learning method to dynamically adjust multi-task weights based on the proportional losses incurred during training, enabling adaptive balance in multi-task learning for speech to text translation. Moreover, inherent representation disparities across different modalities impede speech translation models from harnessing textual data effectively. To bridge the gap across different modalities, we proposed to apply optimal transport in the input of end-to-end model to find the alignment between speech and text sequences and learn the shared representations between them. Experimental results show that our method effectively improved the performance on the Tibetan-Chinese, English-German, and English-French speech translation datasets.

Abstract The current paradigm of joint detection and tracking still requires a large amount of instance-level trajectory annotation, which incurs high annotation costs. Moreover, treating embedding training as a classification problem would lead to difficulties in model fitting. In this paper, we propose a new self-supervised multi-object tracking based on the real-time joint detection and embedding (JDE) framework, which we termed as self-supervised multi-object tracking (SS-MOT). In SS-MOT, the short-term temporal correlations between objects within and across adjacent video frames are both considered as self-supervised constraints, where the distances between different objects are enlarged while the distances between same object of adjacent frames are brought closer. In addition, short trajectories are formed by matching pairs of adjacent frames using a matching algorithm, and these matched pairs are treated as positive samples. The distances between positive samples are then minimized for futher the feature representation of the same object. Therefore, our method can be trained on videos without instance-level annotations. We apply our approach to state-of-the-art JDE models, such as FairMOT, Cstrack, and SiamMOT, and achieve comparable results to these supevised methods on the widely used MOT17 and MOT20 challenges.

Abstract Background Scoliosis, characterized by a lateral curvature of the spine, affects millions globally. The role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of scoliosis is increasingly acknowledged, yet their causal relationships remain poorly defined. Aims This study aims to explore the genetic‐level causal relationships between inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis utilizing bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials and Methods This study leverages genetic data from public Genome‐Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Bidirectional MR was employed to investigate the causal relationships between 44 inflammatory cytokines and scoliosis. The inflammatory cytokine data include 8293 Finnish individuals, while the scoliosis data consist of 165 850 participants of European descent, including 1168 scoliosis cases and 164 682 controls. Causal links were assessed using the inverse variance‐weighted method, supplemented by MR‐Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode analyses. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed using standard tests, with sensitivity analysis conducted through leave‐one‐out analysis. Results Our analysis demonstrated a significant causal association between the cytokine Resistin (RETN) and the development of scoliosis (p = 0.024, OR 95% CI = 1.344 [1.039–1.739]). No other cytokines among the 44 studied showed significant associations. Discussion The findings highlight the critical role of RETN in scoliosis progression and underscore the complex interplay of genetic and inflammatory pathways. Further research is needed to explore additional biomarkers and their mechanisms in scoliosis. Conclusion This study provides evidence of a significant causal relationship between RETN and scoliosis, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target. These findings contribute to understanding scoliosis pathogenesis and pave the way for future research on inflammation‐related pathways and therapies.