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Abstract Background: Exposure to high altitude increases the risk of myocardial ischemia (MI) and subsequent cardiovascular death. Nomogram is a graphical regression model, but there are no reports on using nomogram to predict myocardial ischemia under high altitude exposure. Our goal was to establish prediction models based on pre-high-altitude physical exposure examination data and identify key risk factors. Methods: We prospectively enrolled a total of 2,855 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination at the 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force and were scheduled to undergo high-altitude (3000–3500 m) training within six months. These participants were randomly divided into a training cohort (75%) and a validation cohort (25%). In the training set, single-factor analysis of variance and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis were used to select variables, and two nomograms were established based on clinical features (CF) and clinical features + blood tests (CF + BT), respectively. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the concordance index (C-index), and calibration curves. Results: The C-index for the prediction models CF and CF + BT were 0.652 and 0.804, respectively. In the training cohort, the AUC for prediction models CF and CF + BT were 0.61 and 0.80, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC for prediction models CF and CF + BT were 0.61 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusion: We have successfully established two nomogram models to predict myocardial ischemia under high-altitude exposure and identified some risk factors.

Abstract In response to the weakened capability of feature transfer and parameter distribution alignment across domains due to significant differences in data distribution collected by different devices, this paper constructs a motor bearing fault diagnosis model based on multi-adversarial domain adaptation. Initially, an improved residual network is employed as the feature extraction module to enhance feature extraction capabilities. It then incorporates a Selective Kernel Network (SKNet) to implement attention mechanisms on convolutional kernels, and a Global Context Network (GCNet) to effectively utilize global contextual information for re-weighting across different channels. Additionally, the model uses a multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy to measure the distribution between domains and classes, establishing a dynamic adjustment factor in conjunction with multiple domain discriminators to modulate the importance of marginal and conditional distributions. Ultimately, the proposed model was applied to transfer experiments across different operating conditions and devices, demonstrating excellent diagnostic results.

AIM: To investigate the patterns of short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuations and identify the contributing factors following intravitreal injection in patients with retinal vascular diseases. METHODS: Totally 81 patients were enrolled in this case control study. Eyes were categorized into 7 groups, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), idiopathic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), diabetic macular edema (DME), macular edema secondary to branch (BVOME) and central (CVOME) retinal vein occlusion. IOP was measured in all patients using rebound tonometer at 7 preset time points perioperatively. Additionally, based on the administered medication, the eyes were classified into three treatment groups, including dexamethasone intravitreal implant (IVO), intravitreal conbercept (IVC), and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). To compare IOP values at various time points across groups, we employed one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test or χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Peak IOP values across all groups were observed at 40s, and 5min after intravitreal injection. Statistical differences in IOP were detected at the 5min among the 7 indication groups (F=2.50, P=0.029). When examing the impact of medications, the IVO group exhibited lower average IOP values at both 40s and 5min compared to the IVC and IVR groups (P

Four new species of the genus Hendelia Czerny, 1903 collected from China, are described as new to science: H. latustigenis sp. nov., H. macrocera sp. nov., H. deltoides sp. nov. and H. flavida sp. nov. An updated key to the species of Hendelia from China is presented.

Abstract Background Hemiptera is the fifth species-rich order of insects and the most species-rich order of hemimetabolous insects, including numerous insect species that are of agricultural or medical significance. Despite much effort and recent advance in inferring the Hemiptera phylogeny, some high-level relationships among superfamilies remain controversial. Results We sequenced the genomes of 64 hemipteran species from 15 superfamilies and the transcriptomes of two additional scale insect species, integrating them with existing genomic and transcriptomic data to conduct a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Hemiptera. Our datasets comprise an average of 1625 nuclear loci of 315 species across 27 superfamilies of Hemiptera. Our analyses supported Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea as sister groups, with Membracoidea typically positioned as the sister to Cicadoidea + Cercopoidea. In most analyses, Aleyrodoidea was recovered as the sister group of all other Sternorrhyncha. A sister-group relationship was supported between Coccoidea and Aphidoidea + Phylloxeroidea. These relationships were further supported by four-cluster likelihood mapping analyses across diverse datasets. Our ancestral state reconstruction indicates phytophagy as the primary feeding strategy for Hemiptera as a whole. However, predation likely represents an ancestral state for Heteroptera, with several phytophagous lineages having evolved from predatory ancestors. Certain lineages, like Lygaeoidea, have undergone a reversal transition from phytophagy to predation. Our divergence time estimation placed the diversification of hemipterans to be between 60 and 150 million years ago. Conclusions By expanding phylogenomic taxon sampling, we clarified the superfamily relationships within the infraorder Cicadomorpha. Our phylogenetic analyses supported the sister-group relationship between the superfamilies Cicadoidea and Cercopoidea, and the superfamily Membracoidea as the sister to Cicadoidea + Cercopoidea. Our divergence time estimation supported the close association of hemipteran diversification with the evolutionary success and adaptive radiation of angiosperms during the Cretaceous period.

Abstract Song Dynasty tilestones are one type of ancient Chinese building materials. Studying their mechanical properties is of great significance for the design and development of restoration materials. It is a challenge to sample and perform traditional tests (ϕ50mm × 100mm) for the tilestone cultural relics. In this work, a combination of nanoindentation techniques and the homogenization calculation method based on the Mori–Tanaka model were used to determine the mechanical parameters of Song Dynasty tilestones. The study process involved several steps: (1) Using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to examine the surface morphology and mineral composition of the tilestones. (2) Determining the mechanical parameters (i.e., the elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness) through nanoindentation tests. (3) Upgrading mechanical parameters from micro to meso-scale using the Mori–Tanaka model and comparing these with uniaxial compression test results. The result shows that the red tilestones and green tilestone are mainly composed of quartz, feldspar and mica. The average elastic modulus of the red tilestones and the green tilestones are 29.47 GPa and 30.21 GPa, respectively. Compared with the parameter result obtained by upscaling, the deviation rates of the red tilestones and green tilestones are 10.3% and 9.6%, respectively, which proves that the test method is reliable. The nanoindentation test and homogenization approach in this work provide the robust theoretical and practical basis for evaluating the mechanical strength of Song Dynasty tilestones.

BackgroundPuerperal infection (PI) accounting for approximately 11% of maternal deaths globally is an important preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the high-risk factors and pathogenic bacteria of PI, design a nomogram to predict the risk of PI occurrence, and provide clinical guidance for prevention and treatment to improve maternal outcomes.MethodsA total of 525 pregnant women were included in the study. The mothers were randomly divided into a training cohort (n=367) and a test cohort (n=158). The performance of our model was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analyses. All the women in the group of PI underwent blood culture tests, if the bacteria were detected, drug sensitivity tests were performed. The drug sensitivity spectrum was recorded and analyzed.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that 12 indicators were significantly different (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed 6 factors, such as parity, number of vaginal examinations, amount of postpartum bleeding, antibiotics administered in one week before admission, induced labor, and indwelling catheter were significantly different between the PI group and control group (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve was 0.904 (95% CI: 0.871-0.936) in the training set and 0.890 (95% CI: 0.837-0.942) in the test set. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good agreement between prediction and observation. The analysis of the clinical decision curve showed that the nomogram is of practical significance. There were 100 patients with positive blood cultures in the PI group, and Escherichia.coli was the main pathogenic bacteria, accounting for 89%. The sensitivity to Meropenem and Imipenem was 100%, to Piperacillin tazobactam 97.75%, to Ceftazidime 95.51%, and to Amoxicillin/Clavulanat (AMC) was 93.26%.ConclusionThe risk of PI will be significantly reduced by controlling the number of vaginal examinations less than 4 times, postpartum hemorrhage less than 414ml, and reducing the time of urethral catheter indwelling. If PI was clinically diagnosed or highly suspected, it was recommended to use antibiotics that were sensitive to Escherichia. coli, such as Piperacillin tazobactam, Ceftazidime, and AMC

C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) are essential to execute host defense against fungal infection. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings of CLR signaling remains a work in progress. Here, we searched for yet-to-be-identified tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in Dectin-1 signaling and linked the stress-response protein valosin containing protein (VCP)/p97 to Dectin-1 signaling. Knockdown of VCP expression or chemical inhibition of VCP's segregase activity dampened Dectin-1-elicited SYK activation in BMDMs and BMDCs, leading to attenuated expression of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and CXCL1. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that VCP and its cofactor UFD1 form a complex with SYK and its phosphatase SHP-1 following Dectin-1 ligation, and knockdown of VCP led to a more prominent SYK and SHP-1 association. Further, SHP-1 became polyubiquitinated upon Dectin-1 activation, and VCP or UFD1 overexpression accelerated SHP-1 degradation. Conceivably, VCP may promote Dectin-1 signaling by pulling the ubiquitinated SHP-1 out of the SYK complex for degradation. Finally, genetic ablation of VCP in the neutrophil and macrophage compartment rendered the mice highly susceptible to infection by Candida albicans, an observation also phenocopied by administering the VCP inhibitor. These results collectively demonstrate that VCP is a previously unappreciated signal transducer of the Dectin-1 pathway and a crucial component of antifungal defense, and suggest a new mechanism regulating SYK activation.

Abstract Background Preterm birth (PTB) is an important predictor of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Previous researches have reported a correlation between air pollution and an increased risk of preterm birth. However, the specific relationship between short-term and long-term exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and preterm birth remains less explored. Methods A population-based study was conducted among 515,498 pregnant women in Chongqing, China, to assess short-term and long-term effects of CO on preterm and very preterm births. Generalized additive models (GAM) were applied to evaluate short-term effects, and exposure-response correlation curves were plotted after adjusting for confounding factors. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using COX proportional hazard models to estimate the long-term effect. Results The daily incidence of preterm and very preterm birth was 5.99% and 0.41%, respectively. A positive association between a 100 µg/m³ increase in CO and PTB was observed at lag 0–3 days and 12–21 days, with a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.021(95%CI: 1.001–1.043). The exposure-response curves (lag 0 day) revealed a rapid increase in PTB due to CO. Regarding long-term exposure, positive associations were found between a 100 µg/m3 CO increase for each trimester(Model 2 for trimester 1: HR = 1.054, 95%CI: 1.048–1.060; Model 2 for trimester 2: HR = 1.066, 95%CI: 1.060–1.073; Model 2 for trimester 3: HR = 1.007, 95%CI: 1.001–1.013; Model 2 for entire pregnancy: HR = 1.080, 95%CI: 1.073–1.088) and higher HRs of very preterm birth. Multiplicative interactions between air pollution and CO on the risk of preterm and very preterm birth were detected (P- interaction

Abstract The demand for high‐performance X‐ray detectors leads to material innovation for efficient photoelectric conversion and carrier transfer. However, current X‐ray detectors are often susceptible to chemical and irradiation instability, complex fabrication processes, hazardous components, and difficult compatibility. Here, we investigate a two‐dimensional (2D) material with a relatively low atomic number, Ti3C2Tx MXenes, and single crystal silicon for X‐ray detection and single‐pixel imaging (SPI). We fabricate a Ti3C2Tx MXene/Si X‐ray detector demonstrating remarkable optoelectronic performance. This detector exhibits a sensitivity of 1.2 × 107 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, a fast response speed with a rise time of 31 μs, and an incredibly low detection limit of 2.85 nGyair s−1. These superior performances are attributed to the unique charge coupling behavior under X‐ray irradiation via intrinsic polaron formation. The device remains stable even after 50 continuous hours of high‐dose X‐ray irradiation. Our device fabrication process is compatible with silicon‐based semiconductor technology. Our work suggests new directions for eco‐friendly X‐ray detectors and low‐radiation imaging system.

Background: Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication of radiation therapy, and it is mediated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Study design and methods: Mouse lung tissues were examined using RNA-Seq and RNA-Seq libraries 72 h after the administration of 6 Gy of X-ray irradiation. The target mRNAs were functionally annotated and the target lncRNA-based miRNAs and target miRNA-based mRNAs were predicted after irradiation to establish the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA axis. Results: The analyses showed that relative to unirradiated controls, 323 mRNAs, 114 miRNAs, and 472 lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated following irradiation, whereas 1907 mRNAs, 77 miRNAs, and 1572 lncRNAs were significantly down-regulated following irradiation. Voltage-gated ion channels, trans-membrane receptor protein tyrosine kinases, and vascular endothelial growth factor have all been associated with dysregulated miRNA-mRNA relationships. KEGG pathway analysis of the dysregulated miRNA-mRNA targets revealed involvement in pathways associated with the hedgehog signaling pathway-fly, ErbB signaling, VEGF signaling, axon guidance, and focal adhesion. KEGG analysis of differentially expressed showed enrichment of mRNAs in primary immunodeficiency, the intestinal immune axis for IgA production, hematopoietic cell lineages, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Finally, the ceRNA network revealed that BNIP1 was a critical mRNA modulated by the most significant upregulation of lncRNA E230013L22Rik. Conclusion: In summary, the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA axis of RILI was constructed following irradiation in a mouse model. RNA dysregulation in the early stage of RILI may lead to severe complications at a later stage, with BNIP1 contributing to radiation-induced cellular apoptosis in RILI.

Renal fibrosis represents a pivotal characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which effective interventions are currently lacking. The Src kinase activates the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/Akt1 pathway to promote renal fibrosis, casting a promising target for anti-fibrosis treatment. Chaihuang-Yishen formula (CHYS), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has a validated efficacy in the treatment of CKD, however, with the underlying mechanism unresolved. This study aimed to uncover the pharmacological mechanisms mediating the effect of CHYS in treating renal fibrosis using network pharmacology followed by experimental validation. The chemical compounds of CHYS were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database or published literature, followed by the prediction of their targets using SwissTargetPrediction software. Disease (CKD/renal fibrosis)-related targets were retrieved from the Genecards database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was generated using the drug-disease common targets and visualized in Cytoscape software. The drug-disease targets were further subjected to Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses by Metascape software. Additionally, the compound-target-pathway network was established in Cytosape to identify key compounds, targets, and pathways. Network pharmacology analysis screened out 96 active compounds and 837 potential targets within the 7 herbal/animal medicines of CHYS, among which 237 drug-disease common targets were identified. GO and KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment of fibrosis-related biological processes and pathways among the 237 common targets. Compound-target-pathway network analysis highlighted protein kinases Src and Akt1 as the top two targets associated with the anti-renal fibrosis effects of CHYS. In UUO mice, treatment with CHYS attenuates renal fibrosis, accompanied by suppressed expression and phosphorylation activation of Src. Unlike Src, CHYS reduced Akt1 phosphorylation without affecting its expression. In summary, network pharmacology and in vivo evidence suggest that CHYS exerts its anti-renal fibrosis effects, at least in part, by inhibiting the Src/Akt1 signaling axis.