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Background: Even with significant advancements, treating multiple myeloma (MM) remains difficult. At present, the main treatment methods include combined treatment of stem cell transplantation, drug treatment, etc. With the clarification of the molecular biological mechanism of MM, as well as the in-depth study of the internal signal of myeloma cells and the microenvironment of MM patients, more and more new drugs targeting myeloma and microenvironment are gradually used in clinical maintenance treatment, such as inhibit the proteosome: ixazomib, bortezomib and carfilzomib, immune - modulators: thalidomide and lenalidomide, monoclonal antibodies, etc. have made great progress in MM maintenance treatment. With the continuous development of proteasome inhibitor maintenance treatment in MM, the prognosis of the disease has been significantly improved. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness and adverse reactions of proteasome inhibitors in maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma, providing new ideas for clinical medication. Methods: Four databases containing randomized controlled studies on the effectiveness and safety of proteasome inhibitors in the maintenance therapy of multiple myeloma are retrieved by the computer. Once the quality of the literature has been thoroughly evaluated, run the data via the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: Eventually 8 studies were added in this systematic review. Compared with the placebo group, proteasome inhibitor in maintenance treatment of multiple myeloma patients with prolonged the survival without progression and overall existence. 5 studies reported the peripheral neuropathy of multiple myeloma in the treatment group compared to placebo group, which was remarkably greater (OR: 1.98; 95 % Cl: 1.35, 2.92; P

Abstract This study aimed to determine the values of the half‐effective dose (ED50) and 95% effective dose (ED95) of remimazolam besylate used in the procedural sedation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Sixty patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study were selected. Sufentanil was administered intravenously and remimazolam besylate was administered 2 min later. ERCP treatment was feasible when the modified alertness/sedation (MOAA/S) score was ≤2. If choking or movement occurred during duodenoscope placement, it was considered as a positive reaction. The dose was increased in the next patient; otherwise, it was considered as a negative reaction, and the dose was reduced in the next patient. The ED50 and ED95 values and 95% confidence interval (CI) of remimazolam besylate were calculated by Probit regression analysis. All 60 patients completed the trial. The ED50 and ED95 values of remimazolam besylate were 0.196 and 0.239 mg/kg, respectively, for the procedural sedation of ERCP. The time of MOAA/S score ≤ 2 was (82.58 ± 21.70) s, and the mean time of awakening was (9.03 ± 5.64) min. Transient hypotension was observed in two patients without medical intervention. The ED50 and ED95 values of remimazolam besylate used in the procedural sedation of ERCP were 0.196 and 0.239 mg/kg, and the dose of the medications has definite efficacy and good safety.

Abstract Patients with internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) usually report headache, neck pain, Horner's syndrome, and ischemic stroke. Because the posterior cranial nerve is involved, some patients may show different forms of posterior cranial nerve paralysis. There have been no reports of patients with ICAD showing repeated hiccups. Here, to help clinicians identify ICAD early and gain a better understanding of the atypical manifestations of the disease, we report an atypical case of recurrent hiccup symptoms caused by ICAD.

Abstract The number of smoking patients receiving anesthesia and surgical treatment is increasing day by day. It will be useful for medical advancement to explore whether smoking is an independent risk factor for postoperative cognitive impairment. A double‐blind, parallel, and controlled study was conducted on 112 patients who fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in this study and planned to undergo painless gastroscopy under general anesthesia. The baseline mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scores and basic information were collected. The changes in the MMSE scores after waking up and 3 days after anesthesia were observed, and the adverse events (respiratory adverse reactions, circulatory fluctuations, and adverse reactions, drug use, etc.) were analyzed by logistic regression. The baseline level of each group is consistent, which is worth studying. The MMSE score of the smoking group after anesthesia was significantly different from that of the control group (p

The existence and dynamics of stable quantized vortices is an important subject of quantum many-body physics. Spin–orbital-angular-momentum coupling (SOAMC), a special type of spin–orbit coupling, has been experimentally achieved to create vortices in atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC). Here, we generalize the concept of SOAMC to a two-component polariton BEC and analyze the emergence and configuration of vortices under a finite-size circular pumping beam. We find that the regular configuration of vortex lattices induced by a finite-size circular pump is significantly distorted by the spatially dependent Raman coupling of SOAMC, even in the presence of a repulsive polariton interaction which can assist the forming of stable vortex configuration. Meanwhile, a pair of vortices induced by SOAMC located at the center of polariton cloud remains stable. When the Raman coupling is sufficiently strong and interaction is weak, the vortices spiraling in from the edge of polariton cloud will disrupt the polariton BEC.

Abstract Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common clinical manifestation that is a severe complication characterized by decreased learning ability and deterioration of memory following anesthesia and surgery. However, the precise mechanisms of POCD are not completely understood. Rats were divided into blank control group (Con, n = 12) and sevoflurane group (Sev, n = 12). Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the ability of learning and memory in two groups of rats; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of ion calcium‐binding adaptor molecule‐1 (Iba‐1) in rat prefrontal cortex (PFC); Western blot analysis was applied respectively to investigate Iba‐1, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase‐1 (ARG1), inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) expression; The expression of iNOS, ARG1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in sera of rats was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We found that sevoflurane induced learning and memory impairment assessed by morris water maze test, anesthesia up‐regulated the expression of iNOS, IL‐1β and TNF‐α inflammasome in microglia, as indicated by increased activation of Iba‐1 and reduced the level of ARG1 in the PFC. We conclude that the cognitive function of rats after inhaling anesthesia was likely associated with M1/M2 polarization of microglia, which was triggered by sevoflurane.

This work was performed to determine the pharmacological effects of Bufei Jianpi granules on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its metabolism in rats.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ranked as the third leading cause of death worldwide, is seriously endangering human health. At present, the pathogenesis of COPD is complex and unclear, and the drug treatment mainly aims to alleviate and improve symptoms; however, they cannot achieve the purpose of eradicating the disease. Bufei Jianpi granule (BJG) is a Chinese medicine developed by the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine for treating COPD. This study focuses on the pharmacological effects of BJG on COPD and its metabolism in rats, aiming to provide a scientific basis for developing BJG against COPD. A total of 72 Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the blank group, model group, positive control group, and BJG groups (2.36, 1.18, and 0.59 g/kg). Except for the blank group, rats in other groups were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) combined with smoking for 6 weeks to establish the COPD model. After another 6 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect of BJG on COPD rats was evaluated. In the BJG (2.36 g/kg) group, the cough condition of rats was significantly relieved and the body weight was close to that of the blank group. Compared with the mortality of 16.7% in the model group, no deaths occurred in the BJG (2.36 g/kg) and (1.18 g/kg) groups. The lung tissue damage in the BJG groups was less than that in the COPD group. Compared with the model group, MV, PIF, PEF, and EF50 in the BJG groups were observably increased in a dose-dependent manner, while sRaw, Raw, and FRC were obviously decreased. Also, the contents of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, PGE2, MMP-9, and NO in the serum and BALF were lowered dramatically in all BJG groups. All indicators present an obvious dose–effect relationship. On this basis, the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS technology was used to analyze characteristic metabolites in rats under physiological and pathological conditions. A total of 17 prototype and 7 metabolite components were detected, and the concentration of most components was increased in the COPD pathologic state. It is suggested that BJG has a pharmacological effect in the treatment of COPD and the absorption and metabolism of chemical components of BJG in rats exhibited significant differences under physiological and pathological conditions.

ObjectivesThe changes in metabolism by human adenovirus (HAdV) infection was unclear. The potential mechanism of HAdV-7 causing acute respiratory tract infection was explored.MethodsTotally 35 patients with HAdV-7 infection, 32 asymptomatic cases with HAdV-7 and 14 healthy controls were enrolled from an outbreak of HAdV-7 in the army. The serum samples were analyzed by untargeted and targeted metabolomics. The effects of differential metabolites were verified on HAdV-7 replication in an A549 cell line.ResultsThe untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed more significant changes in the classes of sphingolipids, polyketides, glycerolipids, fatty acyls, and carboxylic acids and their derivatives in the patients with HAdV-7 than in healthy controls. Two key metabolic pathways of secondary and primary bile acid biosynthesis were noted from pathway enrichment analysis. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that the levels of unconjugated bile acids in the patients were significantly lower, while the levels of glyco- and tauro- conjugated bile acids in patients and asymptomatic cases were higher than those in the healthy controls. The profiles of cytokines and peripheral lymphocyte subsets obviously varied at different levels of bile acids, with significant differences after HAdV-7 infection. A cell verification test demonstrated that the replication of HAdV-7 significantly reduced when GCDCA and TCA were added.ConclusionBile acids inhibited HAdV-7 replication in vitro. Alterations in bile acids was metabolic signatures of HAdV-7 infected subjects, and our results suggested bile acids might play protective roles against HAdV-7 infection.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) refers to one of the top 10 cancers in terms of morbidity and mortality globally, seriously influencing people’s lives. First recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, liquidambaris fructus (LF) generates definite anti-liver tumor effect. However, its effective substances and mechanism remain to be elucidated.Methods: Serum pharmacochemistry and UPLC-QTOF-MS technologies were employed to explore the plasma of rats after intragastric administration of liquidambaris fructus extract (LFE) in order to find the active ingredients. Subsequently, DEN-induced rat liver cancer model was established with the purpose of investigating the anti-tumor activity of LFE from physiological, pathological and biochemical aspects. Finally, non-target metabonomics combined with q-PCR and Western blot methods were adopted for revealing the mechanism.Results: Totally 11 prototype blood transfused ingredients, including imperatorin and phellopterin were detected. LFE presents excellent impact on enhancing the quality of life, prolonging the life cycle, reducing inflammatory reaction, protecting hepatocytes, improving body immunity and killing liver tumor cells. Altogether 82 endogenous differential metabolites were found in metabonomics, suggesting that LFE can treat HCC by acting on key targets of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Further research also verified that LFE can upregulate the relative expression levels of PTEN, PDCD4, Caspase 9, Caspase 3, Bax and Bad as well as lower the relative expression levels of PI3K, AKT, VEGFA and Bcl-2.Conclusion: This study revealed the pharmacodynamic material basis of LFE in the treatment of HCC, and from the perspective of metabolomics proved that the effects of inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, reducing inflammatory reaction, protecting hepatocytes, improving the survival state of tumor rats, and prolonging the life cycle are related to its impact on PTEN/PI3K/Akt, fatty acid metabolism and other key signal pathways.

Background Neurogenic inflammation caused by sevoflurane may not only limite to the nervous system, but also expand to the respiratory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression changes of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in 14, 21 and 42‐day‐old rats after inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, in order to evaluate whether the residual sevoflurane be harmful to the respiratory system through neurogenic inflammation. Methods The anesthetic inhalation device was designed to allow 14, 21 and 42‐day‐old rats inhale 0.4% sevoflurane, while rats in the control group inhaled 40% O2 for 1h. Rats in the antagonist group inhaled 0.4% sevoflurane or 40% O2 for 1 h after Capsazepine (CPZ) pretreatment. The expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue was detected by western blot, and the expression of NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in trachea was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results After inhaling 0.4% sevoflurane, the expression of TRPV1 in lung tissue of 14 and 21‐day‐old rats was significantly higher than that of the control group, as well as increased the expression of CGRP and SP in the trachea of 14‐day‐old rats and NKA, NKB, CGRP and SP in the trachea of 21‐day‐old rats. CPZ pretreatment could antagonize these effects. Conclusion Residual sevoflurane during resuscitation of inhalation anesthesia could induce neurogenic inflammation by activating TRPV1, which damaged to the developing respiratory system, but has no significant effect on the respiratory system in adulthood.

Objective To collect and establish normal data of the brain regions of Diannan small‐ear (DSE pigs, basically throughout measuring and comparing computed tomography values of the barin. Methods 12 ordinary DSE pigs were divided into juvenile, adult, old groups based on the physiological ages (n=4) A SOMATOM Definition AS 64‐row 128‐slice 4D spiral CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition AS, Germany) was used to collect CT images of DSE pigs, record and analyze the scanning data. Results Compared with the juvenile group, the CT values of the right frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, left temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe were significantly higher in the elderly group. Compared with the adult group, the CT values of the right frontal lobe, left frontal lobe, right parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, left temporal lobe, and right occipital lobe of the elderly group were significantly higher. Conclusion The results of the study can be used to evaluate the changes in CT values of various brain regions in piglets of different ages and future pig head injury models or other studies that require CT‐based analysis.

One significant source of decoherence in superconducting circuits is known as two-level systems (TLSs), found in amorphous oxide layers. These circuits can, however, also be utilized as spectral and temporal TLS probes. Comprehensive investigations on the physics of TLSs are now possible thanks to recent advancements in superconducting qubits. Here, we simultaneously measure the tunable Xmon qubit decoherence time as well as the resonance frequency for more than 3 days to investigate stochastic fluctuations. Time-domain Allan deviation and frequency-domain power spectral density analysis indicate that two TLSs in near resonance with the qubit are responsible for the fluctuations. From the extracted oscillation in T1 decay, we locate the two TLSs near the junctions.

Abstract Background Our aim was to determine the relationship between the use of fluoroquinolones and the risk of aortic diseases. Methods PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science were searched from inception to July 6, 2019, to identify observational studies that evaluated the risk of aortic diseases associated in users of fluoroquinolones compared with nonusers or users of other antibiotics. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of aortic diseases. We used the GRADE approach to rate the strength of evidence. We used the inverse variance method random-effect model to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the I 2 statistic. Results This meta-analysis enrolled 2,829,385 patients reported the relationship between fluoroquinolones and the risk of aortic diseases. Compared with nonusers or users of other antibiotics, users of fluoroquinolone had a significantly increased risk of aortic diseases (adjusted OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.65–2.68; P = .000, I 2 = 16.4%). The quality of evidence was moderate, and the number needed to harm (NNH) for aortic diseases among patients was estimated to be 1301. Conclusions The fluoroquinolone use in patients significantly increases the risk of new-onset aortic diseases. Clinicians need to pay attention to these severe adverse events when considering fluoroquinolone use.

Abstract Background Dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-1 (Dectin-1) receptor has been reported to be involved in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and traumatic brain injury. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Dectin-1 and its downstream target spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in early brain injury after ischemic stroke using a focal cortex ischemic stroke model. Methods Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to a cerebral focal ischemia model of ischemic stroke. The neurological score, adhesive removal test, and foot-fault test were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ischemic stroke. Dectin-1, Syk, phosphorylated (p)-Syk, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was analyzed via western blotting in ischemic brain tissue after ischemic stroke and in BV2 microglial cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro. The brain infarct volume and Iba1-positive cells were evaluated using Nissl’s and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The Dectin-1 antagonist laminarin (LAM) and a selective inhibitor of Syk phosphorylation (piceatannol; PIC) were used for the intervention. Results Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was significantly enhanced on days 3, 5, and 7 and peaked on day 3 after ischemic stroke. The Dectin-1 antagonist LAM or Syk inhibitor PIC decreased the number of Iba1-positive cells and TNF-α and iNOS expression, decreased the brain infarct volume, and improved neurological functions on day 3 after ischemic stroke. In addition, the in vitro data revealed that Dectin-1, Syk, and p-Syk expression was increased following the 3-h OGD and 0, 3, and 6 h of reperfusion in BV2 microglial cells. LAM and PIC also decreased TNF-α and iNOS expression 3 h after OGD/R induction. Conclusion Dectin-1/Syk signaling plays a crucial role in inflammatory activation after ischemic stroke, and further investigation of Dectin-1/Syk signaling in stroke is warranted.

Objective To study the characteristics of fatigue and the correlation between fatigue and other symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods According to Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), 100 PD patients enrolled in this study were divided into fatigue group (FSS > 4 score, N = 58) and non-fatigue group (FSS ≤ 4 score, N = 42). Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ), revised Hoehn-Yahr stage and modified Webster score were used to investigate the severity of motor symptom. Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were adopted to measure the severity of non-motor symptom. In addition, UPDRSⅡ was used to evaluate the activities of daily living and 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) was used to measure life quality of PD patients, respectively. Results There were 58 out of 100 PD patients having fatigue symptom, namely the occurrence rate of fatigue was 58%. The occurrence rate of daytime nap (χ2= 16.256, P = 0.000), fatigue (χ2 = 84.639, P = 0.000), lack of interest (χ2 = 10.705, P = 0.001), lack of passion (χ2 = 9.350, P = 0.002), depression (χ2 = 9.350, P = 0.002), anxiety/panic (χ2 = 4.625, P = 0.032), emotional apathy (χ2 = 22.032, P = 0.000), anhedonia (χ2 = 18.247, P = 0.000), poor memory (χ2 = 4.366, P = 0.037), urgency of urination (χ2 = 5.774, P = 0.016), frequency of micturition (χ2 = 5.774, P = 0.016), hard in sex life (χ2 = 3.877, P = 0.049), and decreased sense of smell or taste (χ2 = 5.360, P = 0.021) were significantly higher in PD patients of fatigue group than those in non-fatigue group. UPDRSⅢ scores (t = 6.374, P = 0.000), revised Hoehn-Yahr stage (Z = -3.345, P = 0.001), modified Webster score (t = 6.819, P = 0.000), NMSS (t = 2.923, P = 0.011), HAMD (Z = - 2.451, P = 0.014), HAMA (t = 5.417, P = 0.000), ESS (Z = - 2.116, P = 0.034), UPDRS Ⅱ (Z = - 3.115, P = 0.002) and PDQ - 39 (Z = - 2.696, P = 0.007) were significantly higher in PD patients of fatigue group than those in non - fatigue group. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that FSS scores had high positive correlation with modified Webster score (rs = 0.622, P = 0.000) and NMSS (rs = 0.611, P = 0.000), moderate positive correlation with duration (rs = 0.582, P = 0.000), UPDRSⅢ (rs = 0.573, P = 0.000), revised Hoehn-Yahr stage (rs = 0.542, P = 0.000), HAMD (rs = 0.505, P = 0.000), HAMA (rs = 0.477, P = 0.000), ESS (rs = 0.474, P = 0.000), PSQI (rs = 0.410, P = 0.000), UPDRS Ⅱ (rs = 0.559, P = 0.000) and PDQ-39 (rs = 0.578, P = 0.000), and low negative correlation with MMSE (rs=- 0.258, P = 0.000). Conclusions The occurrence of fatigue in PD is high, which has interaction effect with other symptoms of PD, consequently affecting the life quality of PD patients.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly, of which cognitive impairment is the most common non-motor symptom (NMS) affecting the life quality of patients. Cognitive impairment is associated with many factors, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is an important pathological change of cognitive impairment in PD. In this paper, we will explain the relationship between WMH and cognitive impairment in PD by the perspective of neuronal pathway, white matter volume change and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), to provide a new direction for the early diagnosis of PD. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.11.012

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. Rehabilitation therapy can delay the development of disease, improve motor symptoms and non - motor symptoms (NMS), and consequently improve the activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with PD. The mechanism of rehabilitation improving the symptoms of PD is very complex, involving a variety of molecular mechanisms. Thus, this review will focus on the effect of rehabilitation therapy on PD and the underlying molecular mechanism including neurotransmitters, trophic factors, synaptic plasticity and immune system. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.06.003

Objective To investigate the clinical features, imaging and pathological characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in order to increase the diagnostic accuracy of PCNSL in clinic. Methods A retrospective analysis of 6 cases with PCNSL confirmed by pathological and immunohistochemical examination, treated in our hospital from December 2013 to August 2014 was performed. The clinical presentations, lesion locations, imaging manifestations and histopathological features were analysed. Results The symptoms were various, among which headache and dizziness were frequently presented. Five cases were identified to have solitary tumor foci and the other one had multiple lesions. Among 7 lesions, 4 were located in cerebral hemisphere, one was located in cerebellum, one in lateral ventricle and one in thalamus. Moreover, 2 lesions were involved in corpus callosum. The lesions presented in roundish shape or irregular shape with clear boundary, minimal edema and mass effect. CT showed high-density of the lesions. All lesions showed iso- or slightly hypo-intense signal on T1WI and iso- or mild hyper-intense on T2WI, and homogeneous enhancement after contrast. All cases underwent operations. The tumors appeared flesh red or grey-white, soft and without capsules. Under microscopic examination, the tumor cells were distributed around the blood vessels as "sleeve-like" infiltration. Immune phenotype analysis showed all tumors were B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions PCNSL has certain imaging and pathological features and most of them are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Pathological examination and immune phenotype analysis are "gold standard" in making confirmed diagnosis. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.11.014

Objective To investigate the value of YKL-40 in diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Blood samples of 63 PD patients and 60 healthy controls were collected in this study. YKL-40 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage were used to assess the ability of daily life, motor funciton and disease severity of PD patients. Then the correlation between YKL-40 and motor symptoms of PD was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of YKL-40 in diagnosing PD. Results The YKL-40 levels in PD patients were (3.72 ± 0.10) ng/ml, which was significantly higher than that in healthy controls [(2.92 ± 0.18) ng/ml; t = 4.141, P = 0.000]. Spearman analysis indicated that there was positive correlation between YKL-40 and UPDRS scores (rs = 0.872, P = 0.000), and between YKL-40 and H-Y stage (rs = 0.704, P = 0.000). ROC curve indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of YKL-40 in diagnosing PD was 95.26% and 73.34% , respectively. Conclusions There was a correlation between YKL-40 and the severity of PD, so YKL-40 can be used as a biomarker in diagnosing PD. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.12.014

A retrospective study was performed on 3 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) who were characterized with thalamic lesions in MRI examination. Among 3 CVST cases, one were male, and 2 was female, aged from 17 to 68. All cases had risk factors of CVST such as acute dehydration and puerperium. The main clinical symptoms included headache, nausea and vomiting, hypomnesis, hemiplegia and coma. MRI examination showed one case with unilateral thalamic lesions and 2 cases with bilateral thalamic lesions. Magnetic resonance venography (MRV) and DSA revealed straight sinus lesions in 3 cases, inferior sagittal sinus lesions in 2 cases, superior sagittal sinus lesion in one case, and transverse sinus lesion in one case, respectively. The patients with unilateral or bilateral thalamic lesions, especially those who had risk factors of CVST, should be diagnosed correctly and timely. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.08.014

In order to analyze the clustering results of high-order heterogeneous data at the overlaps of different clusters more efficiently, a fuzzy co-clustering algorithm was developed for high-order heterogeneous data (HFCC). HFCC algo-rithm minimized distances between objects and centers of clusters in each feature space. The update rules for fuzzy memberships of objects and weights of features were derived, and then an iterative algorithm was designed for the clus-tering process. Additionally, convergence of iterative algorithm was proved. In order to estimate the number of clusters, GXB validity index was proposed by generalizing the XB validity index, which could measure the quality of high-order clustering results. Finally, experimental results show that HFCC can efficiently mine the overlapped clusters and the qualities of clustering results of HFCC are superior five classical hard high-order co-clustering algorithms. Additionally, GXB validity index can efficiently estimate the number of high-order clusters.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.09.015

High meat consumption, especially red and processed meat consumption is associated with an increased risk of several cancers, however, evidence for oral cavity and oropharynx cancer is limited. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to determine the association between intakes of total meat, processed meat, red meat, and white meat, and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer.Electronic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library Central database was conducted to select relevant studies. Fixed-effect and random-effect models were used to estimate summary relative risks (RR) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were detected by meta-regression. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analysis were also performed.12 case-control studies and one cohort study were included in the analyses, including 501,730 subjects and 4,104 oral cavity and oropharynx cancer cases. Pooled results indicated that high consumption of total meat, red meat, and white meat were not significantly associated with increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.14, 95% CI[0.78-1.68]; RR = 1.05, 95% CI[0.66, 1.66] and RR = 0.81, 95% CI[0.54, 1.22], respectively), while the high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with a 91% increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer (RR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.19-3.06]). Sensitivity analysis indicated that no significant variation in combined RR by excluding any of the study, confirming the stability of present results.The present meta-analysis suggested that high consumption of processed meat was significantly associated with an increased risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer, while there was no significantly association between total meat, red meat or white meat and the risk of oral cavity and oropharynx cancer. More prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these associations.