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Background Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a very common complication in peritoneal dialysis patients, which not only seriously affects the appetite and mood of patients, but also induces malnutrition, dehydration, electrolyte disorders, or systemic inflammatory reactions, and even leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis, thus increasing the difficulty of medical treatment and lowering the patients' standard of living. Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of patients with peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction, and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to select 304 uremic patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2019-09-01 to 2021-09-01. The patients were divided into the gastrointestinal dysfunction group and non-gastrointestinal dysfunction according to the combination of gastrointestinal dysfunction. General data, comorbidities, laboratory test indexes, and dialysis adequacy-related indexes of the two groups of patients were collected and compared. SPSS 23.0 software was used to statistically analyze the clinical data, the clinical characteristics of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction, and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis-associated gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with uremia. Results A total of 304 peritoneal dialysis patients were included, of which 189 (62.2%) were in the gastrointestinal dysfunction group, with the median age of 62 (52, 67) years. The differences in age, proportions of primary diabetic nephropathy and combined hypertension and coronary artery disease between the two groups were statistically significant (P

Ginger, valued for its medicinal properties and economic significance, is vulnerable to environmental stressors such as intense light and high temperatures, which can hinder its growth and development. Class III peroxidases (PRXs) are plant-specific oxidoreductases essential for plant development, growth, and stress responses. Despite their importance, there is limited information available on the function of the class III peroxidase gene family in ginger (ZoPRX). In this study, 103 ZoPRX members within the ginger genome were identified, unevenly distributed across 11 chromosomes. The identified ZoPRX members were categorized into five subfamilies based on gene structures, protein motifs, and phylogenetic analysis. Gene duplication analysis revealed that ZoPRX has primarily undergone segmental duplication. Interspecies homology analysis between ginger and Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Musa acuminata suggested most ZoPRXs in ginger originated after the divergence of dicotyledon and monocotyledon. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements identified defense and stress response elements in 39 genes and hormone response elements in 95 genes, indicating their potential roles in responding to environmental stresses. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that the majority of ZoPRX members are responsive to high temperature and intense light stress. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the PRX family in ginger, thereby laying the groundwork for future investigations into the functional role of ZoPRX genes under high-temperature and intense light-stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a significant medicinal and culinary plant, with its growth influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. The FWL gene, containing the PLAC8 motif, is prevalent in fungi, algae, higher plants, and animals. In plants, FWL primarily regulates fruit weight, cell division, and participates in heavy metal transport. However, the FWL family members in ginger have not been previously identified. This study identified 21 FWL members within the ginger genome, distributed across nine chromosomes. These 21 FWL genes were categorized into five subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene-structure and motif analyses revealed that ZoFWL has been conserved throughout evolution. Concurrently, the ZoFWL gene exhibits a homologous evolutionary relationship only with Musa acuminata. We identified three pairs of fragment-repeat events encompassing five genes, which likely represent the primary mechanism for amplification within the ZoFWL gene family. The promoter regions of the ZoFWL genes are enriched with numerous cis-acting elements implicated in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. These include elements responsive to low temperatures, anaerobic induction, MYB binding sites integral to defense and stress responses, and drought inducibility. Expression profiling revealed that the ZoFWL genes are responsive to a quartet of abiotic stressors, with ZoFWL18, in particular, demonstrating a pronounced response to osmotic, low-temperature, heat, and salinity stresses. This underscores the pivotal role of ZoFWLs in abiotic-stress responses. Our findings offer valuable insights into the potential of the ZoFWL gene family in modulating ginger rhizome development and the genes' response to abiotic stressors, laying a foundational framework for future research into ginger's resistance breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRAS family proteins are one of the most abundant transcription factors in plants; they play crucial roles in plant development, metabolism, and biotic- and abiotic-stress responses. The GRAS family has been identified and functionally characterized in some plant species. However, this family in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), a medicinal crop and non-prescription drug, remains unknown to date. In the present study, 66 GRAS genes were identified by searching the complete genome sequence of ginger. The GRAS family is divided into nine subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analyses. The GRAS genes are distributed unevenly across 11 chromosomes. By analyzing the gene structure and motif distribution of GRAS members in ginger, we found that the GRAS genes have more than one cis-acting element. Chromosomal location and duplication analysis indicated that whole-genome duplication, tandem duplication, and segmental duplication may be responsible for the expansion of the GRAS family in ginger. The expression levels of GRAS family genes are different in ginger roots and stems, indicating that these genes may have an impact on ginger development. In addition, the GRAS genes in ginger showed extensive expression patterns under different abiotic stresses, suggesting that they may play important roles in the stress response. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of GRAS members in ginger for the first time, which will help to better explore the function of GRAS genes in the regulation of tissue development and response to stress in ginger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]