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The understanding of the mutual migration behavior and water diffusion mechanism of different water components inside wheat granules is crucial for drying process selection and process parameter determination. In this study, the binding forms of water in wheat granules and the migration and diffusion characteristics of different water components during drying processes were studied on the basis of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging. In the early drying stage, the internal water migration rate of wheat granules was larger than the external water evaporation rate. The drying rate was mainly dominated by the external water evaporation rate. In the middle drying stage, the internal water migration rate changed from larger than to less than the external water evaporation rate. The internal water migration rate gradually became the main control factor of the drying rate. During the drying process, the relationship among different bound water was a "parallel connection," and the relationship between bound and free water was a "series connection." In this study, the relationship between the activation energy and the different water components was obtained, and the Arrhenius-type expression of the effective moisture diffusivity was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient procedure for ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of crude polysaccharides from Trichosanthes Fructus (crude TFP) using response surface methodology (RSM) was developed. The Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the effects of pH (X1), enzyme amount (X2), extraction temperature (X3), and liquid-to-solid ratio (X4) on the extraction. The statistical analysis indicated that the independent variables (X4, X2, and X3), the quadratic coefficients (X12, X22, X32, and X42), and the interaction coefficient (X1X3) had significant impact on the yield of crude TFP. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: pH 4.5, enzyme amount 5000 u/g, extraction temperature 45°C, and liquid-to-solid ratio 30 ml/g. The experimental yield of crude TFP was 6.58%, which was very close to the predicted yield of 6.71%. TFPI was then purified and characterized with Sephadex G-100 column, UV-Vis, GPC, and FT-IR. The average molecular weight of TFPI was calculated to be 1.49 × 105 Da. TFPI exhibited strong reducing power and possessed not only remarkable scavenging activities against ABTS•+ and DPPH radicals, but also high antitumor activities in C4-2, DU145, and PC3 cells. The results suggest that Trichosanthes Fructus and TFPI could be a novel potent natural medicine with antioxidant and antitumor activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we developed a cholesteric liquid crystal (Ch-LCs) composite with a dual (both right- and left-) circularly polarized light reflection band by utilizing a polymer template method, where a glassy Ch-LCs oligomer (GCLCO) with left-handed helical structure containing azobenzene dopant (AD) was infiltrated into the polymer template with right-handed helical structure. Photo-optical, thermal as well as glass-forming properties of the Ch-LCs film with a dual circularly polarized light reflection band were investigated, trans–cis (E–Z) photoisomerization of the AD in the GCLCO induced pitch length shortenings in response to the formation of the Z isomers by 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, resulting that the reflection band of left-handed circularly polarized component of light in the Ch-LCs composite after UV irradiation exhibited a blue shift. What is more, the changed reflected color could be fixed in Ch glassy solid by rapid cooling from their Ch temperatures to belowglass transition temperature(Tg), in which the photo and thermal isomerization of the AD could not influence the Ch pitch any longer and the color was stably stored. This technique has great applications such as tunable lasers, optical sensors, and security technology. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: To induce the expression of human soluble Fc epsilon receptor I alpha (sFcepsilonR1α) in a prokaryotic expression vector, purify the recombinant human sFcepsilonR1α protein, detect its binding affinity for human serum IgE antibodies and detect the levels of sFcepsilonR1α, sFcepsilonR1α-IgE and FcepsilonR1α antibodies., Methods: The FcepsilonR1α extracellular region gene was amplified using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was expressed in a prokaryotic expression vector pET-sFcepsilonR1α using recombinant DNA technology under optimal conditions. The human sFcepsilonR1α protein was purified using iminodiacetic acid (IDA) His binding resin and identified using Western blotting. The affinity between the recombinant human sFcepsilonR1α and serum IgE antibodies and the levels of total sFcepsilonR1α, sFcepsilonR1α-IgE and FcepsilonR1α antibodies were measured using ELISA., Results: The amplified gene corresponding to the extracellular region FcepsilonR1α was approximately 600 bp. PCR, double enzyme digestion and sequencing confirmed the correct sequence of the expression vector pET-sFcepsilonR1α. After human sFcepsilonR1α protein was induced in the expression vector pET-FcepsilonR1α and purified, Western blotting showed that its relative molecular mass (Mr) was approximately 42,000. ELISA revealed that the human sFcepsilonR1α bound with a high affinity to serum IgE, and the lower levels of total sFcepsilonR1α and sFcepsilonR1α-IgE and higher levels of serum anti-FcepsilonR1α antibodies in the patients with allergic rhinitis than in the normal subjects., Conclusion: We successfully synthesized human sFcepsilonR1α which had a strong binding affinity for human serum IgE. The higher levels of serum anti-FcepsilonR1α antibodies in the patients with allergic rhinitis than the normal subjects.

In the title compound, [Dy(C(5)H(2.5)N(2)O(4))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, the Dy(III) ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated in a square-anti-prismatic geometry by two chelating 1,10-phenanthroline mol-ecules as well as two 4-oxido-2-oxo-2,3-di-hydro-pyrimidin-1-ium-5-carboxyl-ato(1.5-) anions. N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the crystal structure. The H atom involved in an N-H⋯N hydrogen bond is disordered around a twofold rotation axis.

The title compound, [Gd(C(5)H(2)N(2)O(4))(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, was obtained from a solvothermal reaction of 2,4-dihydroxy-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (H(3)iso), GdCl(3)·6H(2)O and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen). The Gd(III) ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is coordinated by four N atoms from two chelating phen ligands and four O atoms (5-carboxyl-ate and 4-oxido O atoms) from H(2)iso(-) and Hiso(2-) ligands. The mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by N-H⋯O, N-H⋯N and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The H atom involved in an N-H⋯N hydrogen bond is disordered around a twofold rotation axis with half occupancy.

In the title compound, [Y(C(5)H(2)N(2)O(4))(C(5)H(3)N(2)O(4))(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)]·2H(2)O, the Y(III) ion lies on a twofold rotation axis and exhibits a distorted square-anti-prismatic coordination geometry. It is chelated by two 1,10-phenanthroline ligands, a 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate mono-anion and a 4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyrimidine-5-carboxyl-ate dianion. The H atom involved in an N-H⋯N hydrogen bond between the 1,2-dihydro-pyrimidine units has half occupancy and is disordered around a twofold rotation axis.

In the title compound, [Mn(C5H2N2O4)(H2O)2]n, the Mn(II) ion has a distorted octahedral geometry and the 4-oxido-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (Hiso(2-)) anion acts as a mu3:eta(4)-bridging ligand. Two oxo O atoms from different Hiso(2-) ligands bridge two Mn(II) ions, forming centrosymmetric dinuclear building blocks. Each dinuclear building block interacts with another four by the coordination of the oxide groups and carboxylate O atoms, producing a two-dimensional framework in the ab plane. Hydrogen bonds further extend the two-dimensional sheets into a three-dimensional supramolecular framework.