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In this paper, liquid-state fermented sauce mash with salt concentrations of 12% and 18% (w/v) was used as the research object, to explore the effect of gradient heating (15 ℃-20 ℃-25 ℃-30 ℃) on the microbial counting and flavor formation of fermented sauce mash. The results showed that the yeast counts of the low-salt sauce mash sample (TC12) using the gradient heating method was about 1.0 log CFU/g higher than that of the constant temperature (30 ℃) control group (C12) at the end of fermentation, which indicated that the yeasts maintained growth and metabolism for a long time in the gradient heating group. This might be related to the fact that the lower temperature in the early stage of fermentation limited the rapid propagation of yeasts. Among them, the amino nitrogen of the fermented soy sauce from TC12 was as high as 1.14 g/100 g, which met the standard of premium-grade brewed soy sauce in China. At the same time, the content of umami (19.03 g/L) and sweet amino acids (19.32 g/L) in TC12 was high, accounting for about 60% of the total amino acids, presenting a better sweet and savory taste. The volatile compound detection data showed that the content of ethanol, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl palmitate, 3-(methylthiopropionaldehyde) and benzaldehyde in TC12 was relatively high, and the sample showed an overall sweet-fruity aroma and ester-like aroma. On the other hand, the gradient heating sample of the high-salt group (TC18) contained more guaiacol and methyl maltol, showing a smoky incense and saucy aroma. The sensory evaluation results showed that the low-salt gradient heating fermentation samples TC12 had higher aroma and taste scores, as well as better comprehensive tastes than the constant temperature fermentation samples C12. In summary, the gradient heating method is beneficial to limit the excessive growth of yeast in low-salt (12%) fermented sauce mash in the early stage and maintaining a considerable cell count of yeast in the late stage of fermentation, so that the yeast can continuously ferment and generate more flavor substances and improve the overall flavor of low-salt fermented soy sauce.

Abstract To analyze the public opinion related to the employment situation, a combined approach is proposed to study the valuable ideas from social media. Firstly, the popularity of public opinion was analyzed according to the time series from a statistical point of view. Secondly, the feature extraction was carried out on the public opinion information, and the thematic analysis of the employment environment was carried out based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model. Thirdly, the Bert model was used to analyze the sentiment classification and trend of the employment-related public opinion data. Finally, the employment public opinion texts in different regions were studied based on the spatial sequence popularity analysis, keyword difference analysis. A case study in China is conducted to verify the effectiveness of proposed combined approach. Results shown that the popularity of employment public opinion reached the highest level in March 2022. Public opinions towards employment situation are negative. There is a specific relationship between the popularity of employment public opinion in different provinces.

Abstract When a transformable B2 precipitate is embedded in an amorphous matrix, it is often experimentally observed that the crystalline-amorphous interface not only serves as an initiation site for the martensitic transformation due to local stress concentrations, but also as an inhibitor to stabilize the transformation, the latter being attributed to the “confinement effect” exerted by the amorphous matrix, according to the Eshelby solution. These two seemingly incongruous factors are examined in this study using molecular dynamics simulations from an atomic interaction perspective. An innate strain gradient in the vicinity of the crystalline-amorphous interface is identified. The actual interface, the compressive/dilatative transition, and the interfacial maximum strain are investigated to differentiate from the conventional “interface” located within a distance of a few nanometers. Our innate interfacial elastic strain field model is applicable for the design of materials with a higher degree of martensitic transformation and controllable stress concentration, even in cryogenic environments.

This paper proposes a weighted large-scale data subspace clustering algorithm to enable it to adapt to the mega-customer environment for financial banks to respond quickly to customer data. Firstly, based on the K-means combined with a genetic algorithm, an improved method for the sensitivity problem of initial clustering center selection of K-means algorithm is proposed. By weighting the variables and streaming data batch processing method as a guide, the improvement method is proposed for the problem that the mean algorithm cannot identify the correct clustering center caused by the ultra-large-scale data environment, leading to the iteration number approaching infinity. The accuracy of the K-mean algorithm, the optimized initial clustering center algorithm, and the algorithm in this paper are 89.61%, 94.37% and 96.94%, respectively. In terms of running time, the highest running time of this algorithm is 10.96 seconds, which is faster than the running time of the other two algorithms. Finally, the financial analysis of the financial bank that completed the digital transformation with the help of the algorithm in this paper, the bank achieved a business of 150.832 billion yuan in 2021, an increase of 11% compared with the end of last year. Net profit achieved 44.883 billion yuan, an increase of 25.8% compared to the end of last year. Therefore, the algorithm in this paper has high advantages in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and practicality, proving that digital transformation can improve bank profits. It also provides a path and direction of transformation for various urban and agricultural commercial banks and other small credit unions.

Abstract Background Biopsies obtained from primary oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) guide diagnosis and treatment. However, spatial intra‐tumoral heterogeneity (ITH) influences biopsy‐derived information and patient responsiveness to therapy. Here, we aimed to elucidate the spatial ITH of ESCC and matched lymph node metastasis (LNmet). Methods Primary tumour superficial (PTsup), deep (PTdeep) and LNmet subregions of patients with locally advanced resectable ESCC were evaluated using whole‐exome sequencing (WES), whole‐transcriptome sequencing and spatially resolved digital spatial profiling (DSP). To validate the findings, immunohistochemistry was conducted and a single‐cell transcriptomic dataset was analysed. Results WES revealed 15.72%, 5.02% and 32.00% unique mutations in PTsup, PTdeep and LNmet, respectively. Copy number alterations and phylogenetic trees showed spatial ITH among subregions both within and among patients. Driver mutations had a mixed intra‐tumoral clonal status among subregions. Transcriptome data showed distinct differentially expressed genes among subregions. LNmet exhibited elevated expression of immunomodulatory genes and enriched immune cells, particularly when compared with PTsup (all P

Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic is an oral liquid preparation indicated for postpartum pain. However, ensuring the safety of postpartum medication is a crucial concern for both mothers and infants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and milk distribution of Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic. The main components of the Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic, rutin, and chlorogenic acid, were profiled using fingerprint analysis. A quantitative method was then established and validated using LC-MS/MS to determine the main components and corresponding metabolites (quercetin, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid) by the gastroenteric tract enzymes and gut microbiota in plasma and milk. After administering single and multiple doses of Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic to female SD rats during breastfeeding, the above-mentioned components appeared in the plasma without accumulation in the body. Additionally, they did not distribute in the milk. These findings indicate that the five components may be the effective substances of Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic, and that it is safe for postpartum medication. This study provides new insights into understanding the effective substances of Saussurea involucrata liquid tonic and the safety study of postpartum medication for natural products and traditional Chinese patent medicines.

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) is a progressive degenerative disease of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The unclear etiology and mechanisms of TMJ OA bring great difficulties to early diagnosis and effective treatment, causing enormous burdens to patients’ life and social economics. In this narrative review, we summarized the main pathological changes of TMJ OA, including inflammatory responses, degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM), abnormal cell biological behaviors (apoptosis, autophagy, and differentiation) in TMJ tissue, and aberrant angiogenesis. All pathological features are closely linked to each other, forming a vicious cycle in the process of TMJ OA, which results in prolonged disease duration and makes it difficult to cure. Various molecules and signaling pathways are involved in TMJ OA pathogenesis, including nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERKs) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathways et al. One molecule or pathway can contribute to several pathological changes, and the crosstalk between different molecules and pathways can further lead to a complicated condition TMJ OA. TMJ OA has miscellaneous etiology, complex clinical status, depressed treatment results, and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel in-vivo and in-vitro models, novel medicine, materials, and approaches for therapeutic procedures might be helpful for further investigation of TMJ OA. Furthermore, the role of genetic factors in TMJ OA needs to be elucidated to establish more reasonable and effective clinical strategies for diagnosing and treating TMJ OA.

Background: Armadillo repeat-containing 10 (ARMC10) is involved in the progression of multiple types of tumors. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a lethal disease with poor survival and prognosis. Methods: We acquired the data of ARMC10 in PAAD patients from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and compared the expression level with normal pancreatic tissues. We evaluated the relevance between ARMC10 expression and clinicopathological factors, immune infiltration degree and prognosis in PAAD. Results: High expression of ARMC10 was relevant to T stage, M stage, pathologic stage, histologic grade, residual tumor, primary therapy outcome (P