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Background Aim Study Design Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Decision aids (DAs) have been proposed to support patients and families with disease information processing and decision‐making, but their effectiveness for critically ill patients and their families is incompletely understood.To systematically synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of the DAs on the prognosis of critically ill patients and knowledge, anxiety, depression and decisional conflict of their family members.Systematic review and meta‐analysis. We conducted a systematic search of literature using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, Scopus, PsycNet, CNKI and Wanfang Database from the inception of the databases until May 2023 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) describing DAs interventions targeted at adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients or their families. We also searched grey literature in four databases: Chinese Clinical Trials Registry, Chinese Cochrane Center, Open Grey and GreyNet International.Seven RCTs were included in the review. Meta‐analysis identified longer hospital length of stay (LOS) among all patients compared with usual care (mean difference [MD] = 5.64 days, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.29, 10.98], p = .04), but not in surviving patients (MD = 2.09 days, 95% CI [−3.70, 7.89], p = .48). However, there was no evidence of an effect of DAs on hospital mortality (RR = 1.25, 95% CI [0.92, 1.70], p = .15), ICU LOS (MD = 3.77 days, 95% CI [−0.17, 7.70], p = .06) and length of mechanical ventilation (MD = 0.88 days, 95% CI [−2.22, 3.97], p = .58). DAs led to a statistically significant improvement in family members' knowledge (standard mean difference = 0.84, 95% CI [0.12, 1.56], p = .02). We found no significant effect of DAs on anxiety, depression, post‐traumatic stress disorder, decisional conflict and quality of communication of family members.This review provides effective evidence that DAs can potentially improve the knowledge level of family members while prolonging the hospital LOS among critically ill patients.Well‐designed large‐scale studies with DAs tailored to the individuals' preferences and existing cultural values are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effects of two types of oral explanations (ie, self‐explanation vs. instructional explanation) and drawing activity (no drawing vs. drawing) on video learning outcomes. These outcomes were measured by visual attention to the video (indexed by fixation time on text and diagram areas), explanation quality (indexed by personal references, concepts, and elaborations), drawing quality, behaviour patterns and overall learning performance gain. A total of 116 undergraduate and graduate students watched a 4‐min video on the human body's respiratory system. They were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (explanation generation: self‐explanation vs. instructional explanation × drawing activity: no drawing vs. drawing). Results indicated that without a drawing requirement, students in the self‐explanation condition displayed fewer personal references and exhibited a lower learning performance gain than those in the instructional explanation condition. Conversely, when drawing was required, self‐explanation students demonstrated higher drawing quality and better learning performance gain. Additionally, students in the drawing condition directed more attention to the diagram area than those in the no drawing condition. These findings suggest that in video learning (1) educators should encourage students to produce oral instructional explanations and (2) if the goal is for students to generate self‐explanations, they should also be prompted to draw to bolster their self‐explanation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate the Family Management Scale for Children with Asthma (FMSCA) in China context. Methods: Based on the Family Management Style Framework (FMSF) model, an original 89 items were generated from literature review and interviews with 15 caregivers of children with asthma. The preliminary scale was refined to 82 items through two rounds of experts' evaluation and a pilot study, then administered to 329 caregivers of children with asthma for testing between April and July 2013. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to screen the items, reliability and validity analysis were tested using psychometric techniques (internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity). Confirmatory factor analysis was adopted to further evaluate the construct validity of the scale in an additional 600 children with asthma and their parents from August 2014 to December 2015. Results: A final 57-item FMSCA from 8 subscales (children identity, view of condition, management mindset, parental mutuality, parenting philosophy, management approach, family focus, and future expectation) were generated. The excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.918), very good split-half reliability (r = 0.802, p < 0.01) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.857, p < 0.01) indicate a satisfactory reliability of the FMSCA. The Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of the scale ranged 0.8 3 ～1.00, Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was 0.807, indicating a good content validity. Construct validity was established by accepted correlation coefficient of item-to-subscale (r range = 0.513–0.865, P < 0.01), intersubscale (r range = 0.195–0.604, p < 0.01), and subscale-to-total (r range = 0.408–0.876, p < 0.01), respectively. Additionally, the factors accounted for 51.586%∼74.063% of the variance in each subscale, confirmatory factor analysis indicated the confirmatory model fitted data well and the scale had adequate construct validity. Conclusions: The study demonstrates FMSCA can serve as a valid and reliable measure of family management level for Chinese children with asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the use of SPSS software and computer programs, this paper gives a co-word clustering analysis of the articles on education and management of childhood asthma worldwide published in the Web of Science before September 2018. Correlation and dissimilarity matrix and hierarchical clustering were constructed. Finally, 66 high-frequency keywords of 6147 papers were included, 9 hotspots in this field emerged by cluster analysis, which could provide some valuable information of hot research on this field.