Search

BackgroundCareer adaptability significantly affects college students’ career happiness in the future, and it is essential to make a detailed evaluation of its correlation for making a targeted intervention plan. However, the applicability of occupational adaptability to secondary vocational nursing students is still an unexplored field in academic research.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the current situation of career adaptability and its influencing factors on secondary vocational nursing students in medical schools.MethodsA total of 1,414 secondary vocational nursing students from three secondary colleges and universities in Southwest China from July 2022 to September 2022 were selected for the survey. A questionnaire was used to assess secondary vocational nursing students’ sociodemographic, Career Adaptability, Psychological Control Sources, and the Meaning in Life. Statistical analyses were performed using Pearson’s correlation analysis, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple.ResultsSecondary vocational nursing students scored (51.03 ± 9.64) for the meaning in life, (81.46 ± 25.39) for psychological control sources, and (94.12 ± 15.55) for career adaptability. Career resilience was significantly and positively correlated with the opportunity and internal control factors of psychological control sources (r = 0.091, −0.488, p

Background In recent years, the incidence of spinal metastasis (SM) has been increasing steadily. In response to this serious public health problem, researchers have made progress by using the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine. However, considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of outcomes across clinical research studies, along with the lack of uniform measurement standards for study data, makes it difficult for researchers to compare different treatments. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately evaluate clinical research on the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for SM.Methods This study protocol outlines a comprehensive research programme based on the Core Outcome Set Standards Protocol Items. The study consists of four phases: a literature review, semistructured interviews, a two-round modified Delphi survey, a consensus meeting. Phase 1 involves a comprehensive literature review to extract outcomes used in current clinical studies of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine or Western medicine for the treatment of SM. A semistructured interview format will be used to survey patients and caregivers in phase 2 to collect suggestions from the patient perspective. Phase 3 involves a two-round modified Delphi survey to complete a prioritisation evaluation of outcomes to generate a candidate list for core outcome set (COS). Finally, phase 4 involves a face-to-face consensus meeting to review and establish the COS.Ethics and dissemination Conducted in response to the current dilemma of SM, the study was endorsed by the Spine Oncology Group of the Orthopaedic Surgeons Branch of the Chinese Physicians’ Association. It will be developed and reported through a rigorous process, with the results of the study to be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Registration: COMET Registry: COMET 2938; https://www.comet-initiative.org/Studies/Details/2938.

Abstract Droplet transmission is the primary infection route for respiratory diseases like COVID‐19 and influenza, but small and low‐cost wearable droplet detection devices are a significant challenge. Herein, a respiratory droplet micro‐sensor based on graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) assembled onto SiO2 microspheres by the nebulized natural deposition is presented. Benefiting from the energy dissipation of the microsphere to droplets, the sensor can detect droplets as far as 2 m from coughing. With this sensor, droplet signal variations caused by some factors like distance, speech, angles, and wind directions are explored, and the effectiveness of different protective measures in preventing droplet transmission is evaluated. This droplet detection technology is expected to be utilized for the development of personal detection and protection devices against infectious respiratory diseases.

Abstract Phase change materials have issues in the automotive industry and in‐memory computing due to their limited thermal stability and high power consumption. Consequently, numerous studies are conducted to enhance the performance of these materials. Uncertainty persists regarding the effects and mechanisms of various doping on the parent material. In this study, four metallic doping elements are selected, and their effects on Sb2Te3 are meticulously analyzed through experiments and ab initio calculations. The thermal stability of Sb2Te3 has been somewhat enhanced by doping these four elements, with Ta doping having the most impact. According to the ab initio molecular dynamics, this improvement results from the tetrahedral centered In and the increased coordination numbers of Ta, Ti, and Sc. Sc located at the center of the octahedron can accelerate the crystallization process. Ta, in particular, exerts the greatest influence on the migration rates of Sb and Te, resulting in the slowest grain growth rate. Simultaneously, it maximizes the delay in the transition from the cubic phase to the hexagonal phase. These features are beneficial for reducing power consumption. The elucidation of the distinct effects of doping elements sets the stage for phase change memory to adapt to various application scenarios.

Chordoma is a rare tumor, but has a serious effect on the quality of life of patients. This study aims to assess the overall knowledge structure and trends in the development of chordoma research using a bibliometric analysis and visualization tool. Research datasets were acquired from the Web of Science. VOS viewer and CiteSpace visualization software were used to demonstrate collaborations and correlations. Annual trends in publications, distribution, H‐index status, co‐authorship status, and research hotspots were analyzed. A total of 1844 publications from 2012 to 2022 were included. The number of chordoma‐related publications increased year by year. The United States contributed the most publications (717) and had the highest total citations (10130) and H‐index (50), followed by China. The United States was also the country most frequently involved in international cooperation. The most productive organization involved in chordoma research was Massachusetts General Hospital. World Neurosurgery (114) published the most papers on chordoma. Hornicek FJ was the most productive author over the last decade (41). Initially, diagnosis and the location of onset captured the attention of the research society. Quality of life, risk factors, disability, minimally invasive surgical techniques, molecular targeted therapy, and radiotherapy technology are the research hotspots in recent years. Indeed, this study provides important insights into the overall landscape of chordoma research and also contributes to the further investigation of the international frontier of chordoma.

Metal dissolution, complexation, and speciation are the key processes that facilitate metal mobilization and transport in fluids. Niobium (Nb), a kind of critical metal, has traditionally been regarded as a fluid-immobile element; however, it sometimes shows apparent hydrothermal mobility and even mineralization. Studying the solubility and complexation of Nb in fluids is thus crucial for understanding its dissolution, transport, enrichment, and mineralization. In this paper, we reviewed the geological observations on Nb mobility related to magmatic-hydrothermal and metamorphic fluid activities, especially compiled and reprocessed the published data on Nb solubility and related thermodynamic calculation to discuss the complexation and speciation of Nb in fluids. Previous solubility experiments demonstrate that Nb has much higher solubility in F-bearing solutions than in other solutions (Cl−, ClO4−, CO32−, HCO3−, OH−, SO42−, etc.), the maximum of which is up to ∼3 wt% in a 2 mol/kg HF solution. It is revealed that Nb solubility is related to the solution's composition, pH, ionic strength, oxygen fugacity, temperature, and pressure. High solubility could be found in neutral and weakly-basic solutions at near ambient temperature and pressure or in F-bearing fluids at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Modeling calculations show that Nb could be soluble and stable in fluids as the mononuclear or polynuclear complexes, such as fluoride complexes, hydroxide complexes, chloride complexes, and hexametalate ions, etc. Thereinto, Nb–OH–F complexes should play a dominant role in Nb hydrothermal mobility and be enriched in medium–high temperature, acidic, and F-bearing fluids. Experiments and modeling calculation have also inferred the existence of the species (e.g., Nb(OH)4+yFy−, Nb(OH)3+yF2y−, and Nb(OH)2+yF3y−), in which the F coordination number is no more than 3. Considering that it could have higher F contents than the experimental solutions (F

This research is aim at a deeper understanding of factors that leading Chinese rural teachers' (CRTs) turnover in their profession. The study regarded in-service CRTs (n = 408) as the participants, adopted the semi-structured interview and an online questionnaire to collect the data, and used grounded theory and FsQCA to analysis the data based. We have found that (A) welfare allowance, emotional support, and working environment can be substituted equivalently to increase CRTs' retention intention while professional identity regarded as the core condition; (B) career development is neglected for two reasons: one is CRTs compensated for inadequate social support by self-improvement; another is CRTs adapted themselves to accept professional stagnation; (C) the CRTs will have a strong intention to retain but lack enthusiasm for teaching because lack professional identity when the external environment is favorable. This study clarified the complicated causal relationships between CRTs' retention intention and its factors, contributed to the practical development of CRTs workforce.

PurposePatients with lung cancer with bone metastasis (LCBM) often have a very poor prognosis. The purpose of this study is to characterize the prevalence and associated factors and to develop a prognostic nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for patients with LCBM using multicenter population-based data.MethodsPatients with LCBM at the time of diagnosis were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program database of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from 2010 to 2015. Multivariable and univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with all-cause mortality and lung cancer (LC)–specific mortality. The performance of the nomograms was evaluated with the calibration curves, area under the curve (AUC), and decision curve analysis (DCA). Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate the survival times of patients with LCBM.ResultsWe finally identified 26,367 patients with LCBM who were selected for survival analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated age, sex, T stage, N stage, grade, histology, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, primary site, primary surgery, liver metastasis, and brain metastasis as independent predictors for LCBM. The AUC values of the nomogram for the OS prediction were 0.755, 0.746, and 0.775 in the training cohort; 0.757, 0.763, and 0.765 in the internal validation cohort; and 0.769, 0.781, and 0.867 in the external validation cohort. For CSS, the values were 0.753, 0.753, and 0.757 in the training cohort; 0.753, 0.753, and 0.757 in the internal validation cohort; and 0.767, 0.774, and 0.872 in the external validation cohort.ConclusionsOur study constructs a new prognostic model and clearly presents the clinicopathological features and survival analysis of patients with LCBM. The result indicated that the nomograms had favorable discrimination, good consistency, and clinical benefits in patients. In addition, our constructed nomogram prediction models may assist physicians in evaluating individualized prognosis and deciding on treatment for patients.

Abstract. Background:. Oncogenic microRNAs, a kind of stable epigenetic inhibitors, often deregulated in Mycosis fungoides (MF) which affect the skin and tend to transform and spread. Results:. Previous studies investigating the de-expression of microRNA in MF patients skin biopsies identified that they were not only regulated by signaling pathway, but also regulated other signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies have elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the STAT signaling pathway that can promote a great diversity of miRNA expression via cytokine binding receptors, activating Janus kinase-3 and STAT proteins. But some non-STAT signaling pathway with mircoRNA de-expression in MF was incomplete. Conclusion:. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that microRNA may be used as the prognosis, progression and diagnose of MF, as they can not only control MF cell proliferation, but also induce MF cell apoptosis.

Study DesignBibliometric analysis.ObjectiveOver the last several decades, the field of thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (T-OPLL) has evolved unprecedentedly, and the literature on T-OPLL has increased significantly. The purpose of this study is to identify and review the top 50 most cited publications related to T-OPLL.MethodsThe most frequently cited 50 articles in this field until 30 October 2021 were identified by searching Web of Science. We ranked the articles based on the citation number. Through the bibliometric method, we evaluated the following information: article title, first author, year of publication, journal of publication, total number of citations, country, and study topic.ResultsThe number of citations of included studies ranged from 20 to 108, with a mean number of 45.4. The journal Spine published most articles (20), followed by Spinal Cord (5), and European Spine (5). All of these articles were contributed by 38 first authors, Yamazaki (4), Fujimura (3), and Aizawa (3) who published more than 2 articles. In the respect of productive countries, Japan (39) contributed most papers. Tomita contributed the most cited article in 1990 on Spine, which was the first-ever report of circumferential decompression for thoracic myelopathy due to T-OPLL.ConclusionThe top 50 influential articles on T-OPLL were identified and analyzed in this study. It will undoubtedly provide a comprehensive and detailed basis for the orthopedic and neurosurgery physicians to make a clinical decision and assimilate the research focus of spine surgery.

Abstract Reliability factors in Markov random field (MRF) could be used to improve classification performance for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images; however, insufficient utilization of reliability factors based on characteristics of different sources leaves more room for classification improvement. To solve this problem, a Markov random field (MRF) with amendment reliability factors classification algorithm (MRF-ARF) is proposed. The ARF is constructed based on the coarse label field of urban region, and different controlling factors are utilized for different sensor data. Then, ARF is involved into the data energy of MRF, to classify the sand, vegetation, farmland, and urban regions, with the gray level co-occurrence matrix textures of Sentinel-1 imagery and the spectral values of the Landsat 8 imagery. In the experiments, Sentinel-1 and Landsat-8 images are used with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to evaluate the proposed algorithm with other algorithms. Results show that the overall accuracy of the proposed algorithm has the superiority of about 20% in overall precision and at least 0.2 in Kappa coefficient than the comparison algorithms. Thus, the problem of insufficient utilization of different sensors data could be solved.

While conversion of CO2 to fuels may offer a bio-inspired means to renewably utilize fossil fuel emission, most materials demonstrate poor activities for CO2 reduction. Here, authors construct conjugated polymers that modulate photo-induced electron transfer to CO2 reduction catalysts.

Study DesignNarrative review.ObjectiveThe purpose of this review was to consolidate the current literature related to ponticulus posticus (PP) and to improve the systematic understanding of this anatomical variant of atlas among spine surgeons.MethodsArticles reviewed were searched in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Embase. All articles of any study design discussing on PP were considered for inclusion. Two independent authors read article titles and abstracts and included appropriate articles. The relevant articles were studied in full text.ResultsA total of 113 literatures were reviewed and consolidated in this narrative review. These articles are roughly divided into the following five subcategories: (1) epidemiology, (2) pathology and anatomy, (3) clinical presentation, (4) surgical significance, and (5) radiographic examination.ConclusionThe PP is non-negligible with a high prevalence. The PP compresses the V3 segment of the artery, the suboccipital nerve, and the venous plexus, consequently contributing to the incidence of neurological pathologies. When a PP is observed or suspected on a lateral radiograph, we recommend that a computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient who is about to receive a C1 lateral mass screw (C1LMS) should be performed, which could determine a safe entry point and the right trajectory of screw insertion.

Zircon is a widely used accessary mineral, and zircon saturation in silicate melts has many applications in geology. Based on the original model proposed by Watson and Harrison (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 64:295–304, 1983), the quantification of the zircon saturation in melts with felsic and intermediate compositions has recently become a major research topic, resulting in some disagreements and different models. Theoretically, the addition of new data, especially regarding the zircon solubility in a basaltic (peralkaline) melt that can provide an upper limit below which zircon is likely to crystallize in igneous rocks, is thus critical to the development of a new, refined model that can be applied to a wide range of compositions and provide a resolution to the ongoing debate. Here, the zircon saturation in a terrestrial basaltic melt was systematically investigated for the first time using a piston-cylinder apparatus across the temperature range of 1050–1350 °C at pressures of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. We combined our new data on mafic melts with data from previous studies on mafic to felsic melts to investigate the factors affecting zircon saturation in basaltic melts. Our results confirm an extremely high zircon saturation in mafic (peralkaline) melts in addition to its strong dependence on the melt composition and temperature and its weak dependence on the pressure and water content. We used all available data that can be used to calculate compositional parameter G [=(3·Al2O3 + SiO2)/(Na2O + K2O + CaO + MgO + FeO), molar ratio] to evaluate fit to a previous model designed to work with more alkaline compositions and proposed a new refined model, given by (with 1σ errors): lnCZr(melt) = (3.313 ± 0.349)–(1.35 ± 0.10)·lnG + (0.0065 ± 0.0003)·T, where CZr(melt) is the Zr concentration in the melt at zircon saturation and T is temperature in °C. Additionally, we reintroduced the previously proposed dominance of the temperature and melt composition on the degree of polymerization and thus the ability of zircon to enter the melt, thereby leading to large differences in the zircon saturation between intermediate-felsic magmas and mafic magmas. Although mantle-derived basaltic magmas have a low Zr concentration, they are capable of dissolving the zircon in surrounding rocks during their ascent. Zircons are generally rare in extrusive or hypabyssal basaltic rocks but can form during the late crystallization stage of plutonic basaltic magmas; thus, zircon crystallization has little impact on the distribution of trace elements in mafic magmas. Keywords: Zircon, Zircon saturation, Basaltic melts, High temperature and pressure

In this work, hydrochloric acid (HCl)-doped molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) nanosheets/polyaniline (PANI) nanofiber composites are prepared by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization, and then the composites are deposited on interdigital electrodes (IDEs) to fabricate a NH3 gas sensor. Morphological analysis of the composites reveals that the PANI fibers are deposited on 2D MoTe2 sheets, showing a porous mesh microstructure structure with a more continuous distribution of PANI layer. FTIR spectrum analysis indicates the interaction between the MoTe2 nanosheets and the PANI in the MoTe2/PANI composites. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared MoTe2/PANI composites exhibit higher response than the pure PANI, in particular, the 8 wt.% MoTe2/PANI composites display about 4.23 times enhancement in response value toward 1000 ppm NH3 gas compared with the pure PANI. The enhanced NH3 gas-sensitive properties may be due to the increasing surface area of MoTe2/PANI composite films and the possible interaction of the P-N heterojunctions formed between PANI and the 2H-MoTe2 nanosheets.

Granite is a distinctive constituent part of the continental crust on Earth, the formation and evolution of which have long been hot research topics. In this paper, we reviewed the partial melting processes of crustal rocks without or with fluid assistance and summarized the role of fluids and volatiles involved in the formation of granitic melts. As a conventional model, granitoids were thought to be derived from the dehydration melting of hydrous minerals in crustal basement metamorphic rocks in the absence of external fluids. However, the external-fluid-assisted melting of crustal metamorphic rocks has recently been proposed to produce granitoids as extensive fluids could be active in the deep continental crust, especially in the subduction zones. It has been demonstrated experimentally that H2O plays a crucial role in the partial melting of crustal rocks, in which H2O can (1) significantly lower the solidus temperature of the melted rocks to facilitate partial melting; (2) affect the melting reaction process, mineral stability, and the composition of melt; and (3) help the melt to separate more easily from the source area and aggregate to form a large-scale magma chamber. More importantly, dissolved volatiles and salts in the crustal fluids could also lower the solidus temperature of rocks, affect the partitioning behaviors of trace elements between minerals and melts, and facilitate the formation of some distinctive granitoids (e.g., B-rich, F-rich, and high-K granitoids). Furthermore, various volatiles dissolved in fluids could result in elemental or isotopic fractionation as well as the diversity of mineralization during fluid-assisted melting. In-depth studies regarding the fluid-assisted partial melting of crustal rocks will facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of melting of the Earth’s crust, thus providing strong theoretical constraints on the genesis and mineralization of granitoids as well as the formation and evolution of the continental crust.

Nonmagmatic, carbonate-hosted epigenetic hydrothermal Pb–Zn deposits similar to those at the Huize Pb–Zn Mine are widespread across the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) polymetallic province. The precipitation mechanisms of these geologically intriguing deposits are an area of interest for many researchers. To simulate the underlying precipitation reaction mechanisms and dynamics of each aspect, a fluid mixing model for metal sulfide precipitation was used in a series of experiments, where solutions that contain Pb/Zn chloride complexes and sulfide were subjected to pH changes, water-rock reactions, and dilutions. Based on the results of these experiments, thermodynamic phase diagrams, and other experimental findings, a fluid mixing genetic model was developed for SYG Pb–Zn deposits, and this model was used to analyze the mechanisms of metal sulfide precipitation. The results indicate that acidic fluids in the form of chloride complexes transported Pb and Zn, whereas sulfide exists in the form of H2S within these fluids. The precipitation of metal sulfides occurs when these fluids undergo changes in pH, water-rock reactions, or isothermal dilution. The pH changes were found to be the most effective method for the induction of sulfide precipitation, followed by dilution and then water-rock reactions. The formation of sulfide precipitates due to pH changes, water-rock reactions, and dilution can be attributed to a single mechanism, i.e., changes in the pH of the fluid. Therefore, changes in pH are the primary mechanism of sulfide precipitation.

Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to characterize the therapeutic role of melatonin as well as the underlying molecular mechanism (its effects on the expression of H19 and its downstream signaling pathways) in the treatment of PAH. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of H19, miR-200a, miR-675, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), and programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). The value of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and the ratio of medial thickening in the monocrotaline (MCT) group were increased, whereas the melatonin treatment could decrease these values to some extent. The weights of RV (right ventricle), LV (left ventricle) + IVS (interventricular septal), and RV/(LV + IVS) in the MCT group were much higher than those in the MCT + melatonin and control groups. In addition, the expression of H19, miR-675, IGF1R mRNA, and IGF1R protein in the MCT group was the highest, whereas their expression in the control group was the lowest. The expression of miR-200, PDCD4 mRNA, and PDCD4 protein in the MCT group was the lowest, whereas their expression in the control group was the highest. Furthermore, H19 directly suppressed the expression of miR-200a, whereas miR-675-3p and miR-200a directly inhibited the expression of IGF1R and PDCD4, respectively. Finally, melatonin treatment inhibited cell proliferation; upregulated the expression of H19, miR-675-3p, and PDCD4; and downregulated the expression of miR-200a and IGF1R. This study demonstrated the role of H19-miR-675-3p-IGF1R- and H19-miR-200a-PDCD4-signaling pathways in the melatonin treatment of PAH. Keywords: pulmonary arterial hypertension, melatonin, apoptosis, H19, miR-675, miR-200a

The driving forces of plate motion, especially that of its sudden change over time, has long been debated. During the closure of an old ocean, the subduction process of the mid-ocean ridge provides valuable clues to quantitative evaluation of the driving forces of plate tectonics. Here we show that the drifting rates of the Indian plate were correlated with a Late Cretaceous adakitic event hosting abundant adakites and adakitic charnockites in the Gangdese belt, southern Tibetan Plateau. While adakites form through slab melting, the ultra-high temperatures and dry nature of charnockites indicate major disturbance of the hot asthenosphere. Temporally, the oldest adakite corresponds to the initiation of the ridge subduction, whereas the youngest adakitic charnockite marks the onset of post-ridge-subduction slab rollback (steepening). Geodynamic modeling suggests that the initiation of the ridge subduction was facilitated by the Morondova mantle plume, corresponding to the lowest drifting rate of the Indian plate. Our analyses further show that the post-ridge-subduction slab rollback pushed the asthenospheric mantle backward, meanwhile it dramatically reduced the ridge-arc interaction force, leading to the first abrupt acceleration of the Indian plate. Slab rollback contributed ∼3.5 cm/yr but lasted for only ∼5 Ma, while slab pull, ridge push together with plume contributed ∼5 cm/yr to the acceleration of the Indian plate. Our study, therefore, provides evidence for a new type of driving forces of Indian plate acceleration during the Late Cretaceous Neotethys ridge subduction.

Fluid inclusions are records of the physico-chemical conditions of fluid–rock interactions during magmatism, mineralization and fluid percolation and mixing processes. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for in situ analyses of small samples at micrometer levels. Here we report in situ analyses of fluid inclusions using LA-ICP-MS method. NIST SRM glasses and 23Na are generally used as external and internal standards for LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusion, respectively, although the RSD of microthermometric estimation of 23Na is about 20% and even worse, the background signal of Na is high for most ICP-MS. Using well-characterized natural fluids inclusion, we show that RESOlution S-155 laser system analyze fluid inclusions in quartz and determine the trace element concentrations. Resonetics RESOlution S-155 laser has the advantage of the motorized Z stage can be used to accommodate variation of sample height or sample topography and height difference between samples, which is very important for analyzing the fluid inclusion in quartz. Our results suggest laser energy density is 25 J/cm2, laser pulse repetition rates are commonly between 6 and 10 Hz to avoid the fissuring of quartz and obtain adequate results. For this LA-ICP-MS analysis, uncertainty on 35Cl content is around 40% because of intensity of the 35Cl signal is three orders of magnitude less intense than the intensity of the 23Na signal. Nevertheless, it is still a useful reference for fluid inclusion analyses in addition to 23Na. This technique can be applied to a range of hydrothermal geology problems, including determining the origins of ore forming brines and ore deposition processes, mapping metamorphic and hydrothermal fluid provinces and pathways, and constraining the effects of fluid–rock reactions and fluid mixing.

This study reports a novel preparation method of zirconia micro-nanoflakes with high (001) facets that is generated through a hydrolysis reaction of the fluozirconic acid (H2ZrF6). Zirconia micro-nanoflakes synthesized at varied conditions were analyzed by the SEM, EDS, μ-XRD, and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the morphology and probe into the crystal growth mechanism. The synthesized zirconia crystals in the form of elliptical micro-nanoflakes or irregular nanoflakes generally display the highly exposed (001) facets with a thickness of 1–100 nm and a length of 0.1–2.0 μm. As the temperature and initial solution concentration increased, the particle sizes of the synthesized zirconia micro-nanoflakes became more uniform and the thicknesses of the (001) facets became larger, suggesting that the synthesized zirconia crystals grow along the (001) facets and mostly along the c-axis direction. This is confirmed by the data from the μ-XRD patterns. The results also demonstrate that an oriented attachment-based growth occurring in a fluorine-rich solution environment was involved in the aggregation and coarsening of zirconia micro-nanoflakes. Meanwhile, synthesized zirconia micro-nanoflakes also evolved from a mixture of monoclinic and tetragonal systems to a pure monoclinic system (i.e., baddeleyite) with the temperature increasing, suggesting a key role of temperature regarding zirconia’s growth.

Nearly half of the world's Mo resources are hosted in Cenozoic porphyries along the east Pacific margin. In contrast, there are essentially no large Mo porphyry deposits along the west Pacific. We propose that this uneven distribution is mainly due to Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs) and the different subduction regimes in the eastern and western Pacific margins. Molybdenum is rare in the Earth, with an abundance of 50 ppb in the primitive mantle, and 0.8 ppm in the continental crust. Pre-enrichment is needed for such a moderately incompatible element to form porphyry Mo deposits. The oxidation–reduction cycle on the Earth's surface is the major process that concentrates Mo. Molybdenum was more intensively oxidized under high erosion rates during alternating high-atmospheric-CO2 and high-oxygen periods immediately before OAEs, resulting in high Mo concentrations in surface water and subsequently higher Mo concentrations in organic-rich sediments during the OAEs. Large amounts of Mo-enriched sediments formed on the Pacific Ocean floor during at least 9 major OAEs since the Late Jurassic. Given that Mo comes from chemical weathering, far more Mo-enriched sediment was available in the east Pacific because of the erosion of the continental arc. In contrast, due to backarc extension, erosions in the Western Pacific margin was less extensive, resulting in less Mo in OAE sediments on the Pacific Ocean floor. Importantly, the Eastern Pacific plate has been mostly subducted, with only Cenozoic crust left. During plate subduction, large amount of the Mo-rich sediments in the Eastern Pacific have been taken down to the mantle wedge. Subsequently these sediments were metamorphosed and then Mo was transferred to porphyry deposits through partial melting. In contrast, only a small amount of the sediment in the Western Pacific has been subducted, with most of the Jurassic and Cretaceous oceanic crust well preserved. Molybdenum deposits of the Eastern Pacific margin can be classified into three types: porphyry-Cu-Mo, high-F porphyry and low-F porphyry-Mo deposits. Large and superlarge porphyry-Cu-Mo deposits are usually associated with ridge subductions, and thus formed through partial melting of subducted oceanic crust and metamorphosed Mo-rich sedimentary material due to subduction erosion. The high-F porphyry-Mo deposits (e.g., Climax-type) were likely formed by partial melting of subducted and thus metamorphosed Mo-enriched sediments during slab rollback (usually associated with A-type granite). Low-F porphyry-Mo deposits were formed through direct partial melting of metamorphosed Mo-enriched sediments entrained into the mantle wedge through subduction erosion at slightly shallower depths (usually associated with arc granite). Porphyry-Cu (Au) deposits in the southwest Pacific margin are all associated with subduction of backarc basins younger than the last OAE (55.8 Ma). Therefore, porphyry Cu (Au) deposits in the southwest Pacific margin have no economic levels of Mo. The oxygen fugacity of northwest Pacific is lower than ΔFMQ +2, which inhibits the formation of porphyry deposits.

Objective: This study evaluates the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-2B (NMDAR-2B) and glutamate transporter EAAT2 in goats. Methods: Twenty-four goats were divided into four groups: saline, 2, 4, 6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), TNBS + EA, and sham EA. EA was administered at Zusanli (ST36) with 60 Hz and 1–3 mA on specified days. Electromyography (EMG) recorded visceromotor response to colorectal distention (CRD). Spinal cords were collected for immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-PCR. The ileum was examined histologically. Results: The repeated EA administration significantly attenuated VH (P

By employment of a pre-designed molecular building block [(pzTp)Fe(CN)3], one cyano-bridged trinuclear complex [MnMe4TACD][(pzTp)Fe(CN)3]2(H2O)16 1, [pzTp = tetrakis(pyrazoly)borate, Me4TACD = 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane] and two 1D chain-like coordination polymers {[(pzTp)Fe(CN)3]2[M(Bim)2](H2O)2}n [M = Cu(II) for 2 and Mn(II) for 3, Bim = bis(1-imidazolyl)methane] were synthesized by making use of different nitrogen-containing organic linkers. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds 1–3 was studied against four human liver cancer cells (HepG2, Bel-7402, SMMC7721, and MHCC97) via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay experiments.