Search

Inorganic metal oxides Ag2O, CuO and ZnO were examined using SEM, XRD, TGA and ICP spectroscopy to analyze their structures and physical properties in terms of resistance to germs and toxic chemicals. Zone of inhibition testing and the plate-counting method were used in this study to examine the antibacterial activities of the metal oxides against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Furthermore, 2‑chloro‑ethyl ethyl sulfide (2‑CEES) was used to study the degradation efficacy of the metal oxides by the NMR method. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate metal oxides that are able to protect against chemical and biological warfare agents. Excellent antibacterial and catalytic toxic chemical degradation properties were obtained.

Fish oil alleviates liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway

AIM To evaluate whether fish oil (FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) via the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway. METHODS Ischemia in Wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of FO emulsion or normal saline was administered by intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days to each animal. Animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analyses. AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 expression was determined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated HepG2 cells with or without FO emulsion treatment. RESULTS Intestinal I/R induced significant liver morphological changes and increased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. Expression of p-AMPK/AMPK, SIRT-1, and autophagy markers was decreased whereas tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and malonaldehyde (MDA) were increased. FO emulsion blocked the changes of the above indicators effectively. Besides, in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting AMPK impaired the FO induced increase of p-AMPK, SIRT-1, and Beclin-1 and decrease of TNF-α and MDA. SIRT-1 siRNA impaired the increase of SIRT-1 and Beclin-1 and the decrease of TNF-α and MDA. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that FO may protect the liver against intestinal I/R induced injury through the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway.

Daily meteorological data are the critical inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models. This study modified mountain microclimate simulation model (MTCLIM) with the data from 19 weather stations; and compared and validated two methods (the MTCLIM and the modified MTCLIM) in the Qilian Mountains of Northwest China to estimate daily temperature (i.e.; maximum temperature; minimum temperature) and precipitation at six weather stations from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2009. The algorithm of temperature in modified MTCLIM was improved by constructing the daily linear regression relationship between temperature and elevation; aspect and location information. There are two steps to modify the MTCLIM to predict daily precipitation: firstly; the linear regression relationship was built between annual average precipitation and elevation; location; and vegetation index; secondly; the distance weight for measuring the contribution of each weather station on target point was improved by average wind direction during the rainy season. Several regression analysis and goodness-of-fit indices (i.e.; Pearson’s correlation coefficient; coefficient of determination; mean absolute error; root-mean-square error and modeling efficiency) were used to validate these estimated values. The result showed that the modified MTCLIM had a better performance than the MTCLIM. Therefore; the modified MTCLIM was used to map daily meteorological data in the study area from 2000 to 2009. These results were validated using weather stations with short time data and the predicted accuracy was acceptable. The meteorological data mapped could become inputs for distributed hydrological and ecological models applied in the Qilian Mountains.

The brazing process of magnesium alloy AZ31 was studied, and the mechanical properties of the weld were examined, and the main factors were analyzed through brazing furnace tests in this work. Only with the protection of self-made brazing flux, a lap joint with the average shear strength of 30MPa could be obtained in an ordinary resistance furnace without inert gas protection, which is much better than that without flux in which the shear strength is lower than 10MPa.

a new structure of the uncooled amorphous silicon (α-Si) infrared detector has been fabricated and characterized. The structure with thermal isolation and infrared absorption based on polyimide (PI) and bottom metal reflective layer is put forward. The fabrication process of the IR detectors is described. The temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of α-Si resistance has been investigated. The measurements show that the TCR is up to -2.8%. The detectivity of 1.7×108 cmHz1/2W-1 is achieved with chopping frequency of 30Hz at a bias voltage of 5V. Measurement results indicate that the polyimide layer exhibits excellent thermal isolating characteristics and the unique sandwich IR absorption structure is beneficial to the enhancement of detectivity. Compared with other techniques, the IR detectors using PI as thermal isolation layer are not only with simpler process, lower cost and higher yield, but also suitable for the application of large-scale uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA).

A new structure uncooled amorphous silicon (a-Si) microbolometer for infrared (IR) detection has been fabricated and characterized. New type of thermal isolation and IR absorption structures based on polyimide (PI) and bottom metal reflective layer are presented. The fabrication process is described in this paper. The as-prepared microbolometer has the advantage of low cost, high yield and moderate performance. The dependence of resistance with different aspect ratio on operating temperature has been investigated and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) is achieved. Based on the measured responsivity and noise characteristics, the influence of detectivity on chopping frequency is discussed. According to the measurements and calculations results, the maximal TCR is -2.8% and at a bias voltage of 5V, the maximum detectivity of 1.7x10^8cmHz^1^/^2W^-^1 is achieved at chopping frequency of 30Hz.

The influence of gate dimensions on the detectivity of uncooled amorphous silicon thin film transistor infrared sensors is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between the structure parameter of thin film transistor and electronic as well as thermal responsivity is simulated by finite element analysis software. Optimized structure has been carried out through theoretical analysis and ANSYS 8.0 simulation.

New application of polyimide (PI) is introduced in this paper. PI film of [email protected] is achieved, and the excellent thermal-isolation performance of the film is simulated by ANSYS. The surface of film is flat, which is suitable for the fabrication of other materials such as aluminum and silicon nitride. The PI film is used as thermal-isolation layer of uncooled a-Si thin film transistor infrared sensors in this research, and the fabrication process is greatly simplified.

A new approach to improve the high-voltage vertical double-diffused MOSFET (VDMOSFET) body-diode recovery speed is proposed. In this approach, a Schottky contact is integrated into every cell of the VDMOSFET. Experimental results from the fabricated samples show a 50% decrease in the reverse recovery charge and a 60% increase in the softness factor of the body diode in 500 V/2 A VDMOSFETs.

A new type of thermal-isolation structure based on polyimide (PI) and oxidized porous silicon (OPS) is presented. The structure has the advantage of simpler process, lower cost, and higher yield. The mechanism is described briefly in this paper and the process is studied in detail. The thermal-isolation capability of the structure is verified by a-Si bolometer with PI and OPS complex thermal isolation structure and excellent performance has been achieved.

Background Activated macrophage infiltration into the lungs is paramount in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) is a potent activator of the Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase–sirtuin1 (AMPK/SIRT1) pathway against macrophage inflammation. We aimed to evaluate whether ω-3 PUFAs may protect against ALI induced by intestinal I/R via the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Methods Ischemia in male Wistar rats was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion for 60 min and reperfusion for 240 min. One milliliter per day of fish-oil emulsion (FO emulsion, containing major ingredients as ω-3 PUFAs) or normal saline (control) was administered by intraperitoneal injection for three consecutive days to each animal. All animals were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion. Blood and tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results Intestinal I/R caused intestinal and lung injury, evidenced by severe lung tissue edema and macrophage infiltration. Pretreatment with FO emulsion improved the integrity of microscopic structures in the intestine and lungs. Intestinal I/R induced the expression of macrophage-derived mediators (macrophage migration inhibitory factor and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1), inflammatory factors (nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β), and proapoptosis factor p66shc. There was a decrease in the expression of AMPK, SIRT1, and claudin 5. FO emulsion significantly inhibited macrophage infiltration into the lungs, inflammatory factor expression, and p66shc phosphorylation. Importantly, FO emulsion restored AMPK, SIRT1, and claudin 5 in the lungs. Conclusions Pretreatment with ω-3 PUFAs effectively protects intestinal and lung injury induced by intestinal I/R, reduces macrophage infiltration, suppresses inflammation, inhibits lung apoptosis, and improves the lung endothelial barrier after intestinal I/R in a manner dependent on AMPK/SIRT1. Thus, there is a potential for developing AMPK/SIRT1 as a novel target for patients with intestinal I/R–induced ALI.

A uncooled amorphous silicon (α-Si) infrared (IR) detector with novel thermal isolation method has been fabricated and characterized. The unique sandwich IR absorption structure based on polyimide (PI) and bottom metal reflective layer is presented. The fabrication process of the IR detectors is described. The absorption characteristics of the IR detectors have been investigated. The responsivity and detectivity of the IR detector are also discussed. The measurement results show that the polyimide layer exhibits good thermal isolating characteristics and the unique sandwich IR absorption structure is beneficial to the enhancement of detectivity. The TCR of α-Si film resistance is up to −2.8%. The detectivity of 1.7×108 cm·Hz1/2W−1 is achieved with chopping frequency of 30Hz at a bias voltage of 5V. Compared with other IR detectors, the structures, using PI as thermal isolation layer, simplifies the fabrication process, reduces the cost and increases the yield. It is suitable for large-scale focal plane arrays (FPA).

The title compound, C(25)H(26)O(2), crystallizes with two crystallographically independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The differences between the two mol-ecules are marginal. The three benzene rings of each mol-ecule are in a propeller orientation and the 1,3-dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation.

A new structure uncooled amorphous silicon (a-Si) microbolometer for infrared detection has been fabricated and characterized. Based on polyimide thermal isolation layer and bottom metal reflective structure, the newly presented bolometer has the advantage of low cost, high yield and high performance. The dependence of the temperature coefficient of resistance on operating temperature has been investigated. The results show that at a chopping frequency of 30Hz and a bias voltage of 5V, the maximum detectivity of 1.7 times 108 cmHzfrac12W-1 is achieved

This paper reports the theory, fabrication and testing of a novel uncooled infrared (IR) sensor using amorphous silicon thin film transistors (a-Si TFTs) as the active elements. The measured temperature coefficient of the channel current (TCC) of the a-Si TFT is about 4.18%/K at room temperature. What's more, finger-cross TFT is designed, which can greatly improve the detectivity of uncooled infrared sensor by increasing the ratio of channel width to length (W/L). Nano-TiO2 /polyimide (PI) hybrid membrane is applied in infrared absorption layer, which increases infrared absorptance by about 15%. A new thermal-isolation materials-polyimide is applied in uncooled infrared sensor, which not only has good thermal-isolation, but also simplifies the fabrication process and improves the yield. The whole process of a-Si TFT uncooled infrared sensor is compatible with the standard IC process. Preliminary experimental results show that a detectivity of 1.0 times 109cmHzfrac12/W is achieved at a chopping frequency of 30 Hz

A new approach to improve the CoolMOS/spl trade/ body-diode reverse-recovery speed is proposed. In this approach, a Schottky contact is integrated into every cell of the CoolMOS/spl trade/ structure. Incorporation of the cell-distributed Schottky contacts results in a significant improvement in the body-diode recovery speed. The Medici/spl trade/ mixed-mode simulation results show an over 58% improvement in the reverse-recovery charge of the body-diode in a 600V CoolMOS/spl trade/. There is no significant sacrifice to the other device characteristics. This approach provides a good solution to improve the body-diode recovery speed of the CoolMOS/spl trade/ without using the complicated carrier-lifetime-killing techniques.

In the title compound, C12H16O4, the 1,3-dioxane ring adopts a chair conformation; the 2-phenyl substitutent occupies an equatorial position. Adjacent molecules are linked by O—H...O hydrogen bonds into a chain.