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Abstract Near‐infrared (NIR) chiroptical response has been less explored because it is challenging to achieve both chirality and NIR absorption/emission. Herein, we describe the design of heterohelicene‐type β‐isoindigo‐based boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) analogs (β‐IBs), which shift the absorption peak to 800 nm and produce significant Cotton effects (127.8 M−1 cm−1) and absorbance dissymmetry factors (|gabs| = 3.5 × 10−3). The luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) brightness (BCPL) of up to 1.24 × 10−3 and 1.78 M−1 cm−1 were realized beyond 800 nm. These β‐IBs are the first examples of helicene‐type compounds with the highest gabs in the NIR region and CPL beyond 800 nm. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the strong chiroptical activities are triggered by their large transition magnetic dipole moments. This study not only provides a new approach to the synthesis of a larger variety of unprecedented helicene‐type BODIPY analogs but also demonstrates excellent NIR chiroptical properties.

Obtaining discriminative joint features is crucial for skeleton-based human action recognition. Current models mainly focus on the research of skeleton topology encoding. However, their predefined topology is the same and fixed for all action samples, making it challenging to obtain discriminative joint features. Although some studies have considered the complex non-natural connection relationships between joints, the existing methods cannot fully capture this complexity by using high-order adjacency matrices or adding trainable parameters and instead increase the computation parameters. Therefore, this study constructs a novel adaptive channel-enhanced graph convolution (ACE-GCN) model for human action recognition. The model generates similar and affinity attention maps by encoding channel attention in the input features. These maps are complementarily applied to the input feature map and graph topology, which can realize the refinement of joint features and construct an adaptive and non-shared channel-based adjacency matrix. This method of constructing the adjacency matrix improves the model’s capacity to capture intricate non-natural connections between joints, prevents the accumulation of unnecessary information, and minimizes the number of computational parameters. In addition, integrating the Edgeconv module into a multi-branch aggregation improves the model’s ability to aggregate different scale and temporal features. Ultimately, comprehensive experiments were carried out on NTU-RGB+D 60 and NTU-RGB+D 120, which are two substantial datasets. On the NTU RGB+D 60 dataset, the accuracy of human action recognition was 92% (X-Sub) and 96.3% (X-View). The model achieved an accuracy of 96.6% on the NW-UCLA dataset. The experimental results confirm that the ACE-GCN exhibits superior recognition accuracy and lower computing complexity compared to current methodologies.

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumours carry multiple gene mutations and respond poorly to treatments. There is currently an unmet need for drug carriers that can deliver multiple gene cargoes to target high solid tumour burden like PDAC. Here, we report a dual targeted extracellular vesicle (dtEV) carrying high loads of therapeutic RNA that effectively suppresses large PDAC tumours in mice. The EV surface contains a CD64 protein that has a tissue targeting peptide and a humanized monoclonal antibody. Cells sequentially transfected with plasmid DNAs encoding for the RNA and protein of interest by Transwell®-based asymmetric cell electroporation release abundant targeted EVs with high RNA loading. Together with a low dose chemotherapy drug, Gemcitabine, dtEVs suppress large orthotopic PANC-1 and patient derived xenograft tumours and metastasis in mice and extended animal survival. Our work presents a clinically accessible and scalable way to produce abundant EVs for delivering multiple gene cargoes to large solid tumours.

Abstract Objective To translate the career success in nursing scale (CSNS) into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties. Background A lower sense of career success seriously affects the enthusiasm of nurses and increases their turnover rate. Therefore, an accurate assessment of the career success level of nurses is necessary. However, China does not have a professional tool for assessing the career success of nurses. Methods The stratified sampling method was used to recruit participants from 22 hospitals of different grades in 5 cities in China. A total of 650 and 348 subjects were selected for item analysis and reliability and validity tests, respectively, of the translated initial scale. Results The Chinese version of the CSNS (C-CSNS) with 33 items had good psychometric properties. Cronbach’s α was 0.960, split-half reliability was 0.893, and ICC within two weeks was 0.981. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 5 common factors that explained 63.73% of the total variance, and confirmatory factor analysis supported acceptable construct validity. Conclusion The C-CSNS has adequate construct validity and excellent psychometric properties and can be used for accurate assessment of nurses’ career success. Implications for nursing management A new tool that is more suitable for the Chinese hospital nursing context is available for evaluating Chinese clinical nurses’ career success. Nursing managers can formulate appropriate management strategies according to the evaluation results to assist nurses in career development planning, thereby improving their career success level.

AIM: To compare the efficacy of 25-gauge(25G)vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens transciliary sulcus scleral suture fixation and sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens dislocation.METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. A total of 40 patients(40 eyes)diagnosed with complete lens luxation in the vitreous cavity in our hospital from May 2015 to September 2021 were selected, among which 21 eyes(suture group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens fixation via ciliary sulci scleral suture, and 19 eyes(sutureless group)underwent 25G vitrectomy combined with interlamellar scleral tunnel fixation of intraocular lens. The patients in both groups were followed up until 3mo after surgery to observe the operative time, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), corneal endothelial cell count(CECC), central corneal thickness(CCT)and postoperative complications.RESULTS: The operation time was significantly shorter in the sutureless group than in the suture group(31.79±6.01min vs. 45.38±8.04min, P0.05).CONCLUSION: 25G vitrectomy combined with intraocular lens sutureless scleral tunnel interlamellar fixation in the treatment of complete lens luxation has shorter operation time, faster postoperative visual acuity improvement and fewer postoperative complications.

Occult myopia refers to a special type of myopia, which is caused by the axial length beyond the normal range of children's normal age, and the corneal curvature is lower than the normal range of children with the normal age range of the vision. Because the vision of occult myopia children is within the normal range, it is easy to be ignored in myopia screening. Without timely myopia prevention and control, occult myopia is very easy to develop into dominant myopia, not only the visual development is seriously affected, but visual function will also produce irreversible changes. It is found that the axial length, corneal curvature, retina and chorioid of occult myopia are different from those of ordinary myopia. The change of these indicators can be used to assist the diagnosis and observe their development process. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research progress at home and abroad on ocular axis length, corneal curvature, macular retinal thickness, macular choroidal thickness and other related factors in children with occult myopia, in order to provide references for related clinical research.

An efficient and direct approach to pyrroles was successfully developed by employing 3-formylchromones as decarboxylative coupling partners, and facilitated by microwave irradiation. The protocol utilizes easily accessible feedstocks, a catalytic amount of DBU without any metals, resulting in high efficiency and regioselectivity. Notably, all synthesized products were evaluated against five different cancer cell lines and compound 3l selectively inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells with an IC50 value of 10.65 μM.

AIM: To discuss the measurement of retinal thickness in each macular region, fixation property, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), eye axis and equivalent spherical power and treatment time for the children with hyperopia anisometropic amblyopia before and after treatment.METHODS: This study was a prospective longitudinal controlled trial. The subjects were 40 hyperopia anisometropia children aged 4-8 years with monocular amblyopia who had not been treated with amblyopia before diagnosis in our hospital(20 cases of central fixation and 20 cases of paracentral fixation)from August 2018 to August 2019. Atropine mydriatic optometry, fundus macular fixation quality, ocular axis and optical coherence tomography(OCT)retinal thickness were used in the initial diagnosis and 6mo and 1a follow-up. Statistical analysis was used to analyze whether the macular retinal thickness of hyperopia amblyopia had changed in the treatment and the related factors, and whether had differences between different fixation properties.RESULTS: There were significant differences in foveal retinal thickness and nasal retinal thickness of inner ring between central fixation group and paracentral fixation group at different measurement times(before treatment, 6 and 12mo after treatment)(P0.05). With the extension of treatment time, the foveal retinal thickness and the nasal retinal thickness of the inner ring in the central fixation group and the paracentral fixation group became thinner(all P0.05). There were significant differences in ocular axis, BCVA and equivalent spherical power of amblyopia before and after treatment(all P

Background: The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is an important structure regulating the sleep–wake behavior and general anesthesia. Astrocytes in the central nervous system modulate neuronal activity and consequential behavior. However, the specific role of the parabrachial nucleus astrocytes in regulating the sleep-wake behavior and general anesthesia remains unclear.Methods: We used chemogenetic approach to activate or inhibit the activity of PBN astrocytes by injecting AAV-GFAabc1d-hM3Dq-eGFP or AAV-GFAabc1d-hM4Di-eGFP into the PBN. We investigated the effects of intraperitoneal injection of CNO or vehicle on the amount of wakefulness, NREM sleep and REM sleep in sleep–wake behavior, and on the time of loss of righting reflex, time of recovery of righting reflex, sensitivity to isoflurane, electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum and burst suppression ratio (BSR) in isoflurane anesthesia.Results: The activation of PBN astrocytes increased wakefulness amount for 4 h, while the inhibition of PBN astrocytes decreased total amount of wakefulness during the 3-hour post-injection period. Chemogenetic activation of PBN astrocytes decreased isoflurane sensitivity and shortened the emergence time from isoflurane-induced general anesthesia. Cortical EEG recordings revealed that PBN astrocyte activation decreased the EEG delta power and BSR during isoflurane anesthesia. Chemogenetic Inhibition of PBN astrocytes increased the EEG delta power and BSR during isoflurane anesthesia.Conclusion: PBN astrocytes are a key neural substrate regulating wakefulness and emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.

α-Ketoamide moieties, as privileged units, may represent a valuable option to develop compounds with favorable biological activities, such as low toxicity, promising PK and drug-like properties. An efficient silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids with isocyanides was developed to derivatize the α-ketoamide functional group via a multicomponent reaction (MCR) cascade sequence in one pot. A series of α-ketoamides was synthesized with three components of isocyanides, aromatic α-oxocarboxylic acid analogues and water in moderate yields. Based on the research, the silver-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation confirmed that an oxygen atom of the amide moiety was derived from the water and air as a sole oxidant for the whole process.

Background: Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM) is a new subtype of type 1 diabetes, first proposed by Japanese scholars in 2000. Herein, the functions of the islets are rapidly destroyed. Its pathogenesis is related to viral infection. Most people have been infected with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), and many people have also suffered from drug hypersensitivity, however, few cases of FT1DM which were caused by both of the two conditions have been reported. Thus, below, we describe one such valuable case.Case Summary: The plasma glucose levels of a 73‐year‐old man diagnosed with drug-induced dermatitis showed a sudden increase (42 mmol/L) during methylprednisolone therapy. The urine ketone test was positive. The glycated hemoglobin level was 7%, endogenous insulin secretion decreased significantly, and the islet-related autoantibodies were negative. The patient was diagnosed with FT1DM. The lymphocyte EBV-DNA showed high copies numbers. The general condition of the patient improved after symptomatic treatment with insulin. However, the systemic allergic reaction aggravated after the use of iodinated contrast agents, prednisone, and thymic pentapeptide. The re-test for EBV-DNA showed significantly high relative levels, thus indicating the presence of EBV infection. We think that drug hypersensitivity and EBV infection together led to FT1DM in this case. After an indication for multiple daily insulin therapy, the patient’s blood glucose was quickly controlled and he was discharged on the 38th-day post-admission.Conclusion: FT1DM is a rare case, however, drug hypersensitivity and EBV infection are not rare in the population. This is a rare case of FT1DM caused by drug hypersensitivity reaction and EBV infection. Through this case report, we emphasize the importance of the relationship between drug hypersensitivity, EBV infection and FT1DM and vigilance for the occurrence of FT1DM among hypersensitive individuals in clinical practice.

Abstract Secret sharing is a widely-used security protocol and cryptographic primitive in which all people cooperate to restore encrypted information. The characteristics of a quantum field guarantee the security of information; therefore, many researchers are interested in quantum cryptography and quantum secret sharing (QSS) is an important research topic. However, most traditional QSS methods are complex and difficult to implement. In addition, most traditional QSS schemes share classical information, not quantum information which makes them inefficient to transfer and share information. In a weighted threshold QSS method, each participant has each own weight, but assigning weights usually costs multiple quantum states. Quantum state consumption will therefore increase with the weight. It is inefficient and difficult, and therefore not able to successfully build a suitable agreement. The proposed method is the first attempt to build multiparty weighted threshold QSS method using single quantum particles combine with the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and phase shift operation. The proposed scheme allows each participant has its own weight and the dealer can encode a quantum state with the phase shift operation. The dividing and recovery characteristics of CRT offer a simple approach to distribute partial keys. The reversibility of phase shift operation can encode and decode the secret. The proposed weighted threshold QSS scheme presents the security analysis of external attacks and internal attacks. Furthermore, the efficiency analysis shows that our method is more efficient, flexible, and simpler to implement than traditional methods.

Background Breast cancer ( BC ), especially metastatic BC , is one of the most lethal diseases in women. CA 125 and CA 15-3 are commonly used indicators for diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Some serological indicators, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP), can also be used to assess the prognosis and progression in BC. Methods Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis were performed to identify prognostic factors and build prognostic models. We distributed the patients into 2 groups based on the median risk score, analyzed prognosis by Kaplan–Meier curve, and screened independent prognostic factors by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Result We identified 4 indicators-LDH, CRP, CA 15-3, and CA 125—related to the prognosis in BC and established a prognostic model. The high LDH group showed worse overall survival (OS) than low LDH group ( P = .017; hazard ratio (HR), 1.528; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.055-2.215). The high CRP group showed worse OS than low CRP group ( P = .004; HR, 1.666; 95% CI, 1.143-2.429). The high CA153 group showed worse OS than low CA 15-3 group (P=.011; HR, 1.563; 95% CI, 1.075-2.274). The high CA 125 group showed worse OS than low CA 125 group ( P = .021; HR, 1.499; 95% CI, 1.031-2.181). The area under the curve for risk score was .824, Ki-67 was .628, age was .511, and grade was .545. Risk score was found to be an independent prognostic factor using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion We successfully established an optimization model by combining 4 prognosis-related indicators to assess the prognosis in patients with metastatic BC.

Platycrater arguta is a rare and endangered shrub species endemic to East Asia. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome structure and its taxonomic position within Hydrangeaceae to promote its conservation and restoration. The complete cp genome of P. arguta was 157,810 bp in length and contained a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,823 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,735 bp, as well as a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,126 bp, each. 113 unique genes are predicted in this cp genome, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 4 rRNAs. Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis based on 79 shared cp CDS (coding DNA sequences) of 19 species reveals a close relationship between P. arguta and Schizophragma hydrangeoides.

To ensure the safety of bridges, the comfort of pedestrians and vehicles on bridges, the vortex-induced forces on flat-steel-box girders need to be investigated. The total vortex-induced forces integrated on the surfaces of girders have been studied extensively. This study will be mainly focused on the characteristics of surface distributed vortex-induced force, which can be beneficial to the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) reduction with local aerodynamic optimization. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is employed for the simulation of the VIVof a flat-steel-box girder. The simulation results are verified through the comparison with the results of corresponding wind tunnel test. A self-adaptive nonlinear fitting method is proposed to determine the vortex-induced force model. A vortex-induced force contribution factor is defined to account the contribution of the components and the surface location. Based on the surface distributed vortex-induced force analysis, several conclusions are made. The vortex-induced force presents a fairly strong multiple-frequency characteristic, and the high-order terms should be carefully considered. Most energy of the VIV comes from the linear and third-order aerodynamic damping terms. In terms of location, the roof takes most of the aerodynamic damping and the total vortex-induced force. The flow separation around the underside upstream corner, the underside downstream corner and the middle downstream comer lead to large third-order aerodynamic damping term. The flow separation around the underside upstream corner has great contribution to the linear aerodynamic stiffness term.