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Inherent low strength is the major limitation of Mg-Li alloys. Through precise control of precipitates, the cast Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn alloy obtained a high specific ultimate tensile strength of 213 kN·m·kg−1. Precipitates evolution during non-isothermal aging was investigated: strip-like Mg3(Al, Zn) in β-Li → globular Mg3(Al, Zn) in β-Li →Mg/Li(Al, Zn) core–shell and nanoscale rod-like Mg3(Al, Zn) in β-Li + Laves phase in α-Mg. The short-term high-temperature aging results in the precipitation of Laves phase in α-Mg and the formation of nanoscale rod-like Mg3(Al, Zn) and Mg/Li(Al, Zn) core–shell phase in β-Li, achieving synergistic strengthening of the dual matrix phases.

Background & Aims: There are no studies investigating the direct effects of elevated xanthine oxidase (XO) on lipid metabolism disorders. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of XO in lipid metabolism in a prospective cohort study and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The association between serum XO activity and metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was examined in Cox proportional hazard models in a population-based cohort of 3,358 participants (20–75 years) at baseline. In addition, mouse models were used to investigate the underlying mechanism for the association between overexpression of XO and the lipid metabolism disorders. Results: After an average 5.8 years of follow up, we found elevated serum XO activity was associated with an increased risk of developing MASLD (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.44–3.01; p-trend

Abstract Background In the American population, the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and TYG combined with indicators of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its mortality has been less well studied. Methods This cross-sectional study included 11,937 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2018. Cox proportional hazards model, binary logistic regression analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to analyze the relationship between TyG and its combined obesity-related indicators and CVD and its mortality. Mediation analysis explored the mediating role of glycated hemoglobin and insulin in the above relationships. Results In this study, except for no significant association between TyG and CVD mortality, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, and TyG-BMI were significantly and positively associated with CVD and CVD mortality. TyG-WHtR is the strongest predictor of CVD mortality (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.21–2.29). The TyG index correlated better with the risk of coronary heart disease (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.66–3.83). TyG-WC correlated best with total CVD (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.77–3.17), congestive heart failure (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.31–3.51), and angina pectoris (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.43–3.97). TyG-WHtR correlated best with myocardial infarction (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.45–3.44). RCS analyses showed that most of the above relationships were linear (P-overall 0.05). Otherwise, ROC curves showed that TyG-WHtR and TyG-WC had more robust diagnostic efficacy than TyG. In mediation analyses, glycated hemoglobin mediated in all the above relationships and insulin-mediated in partial relationships. Conclusions TyG-WC and TyG-WtHR enhance CVD mortality prediction, diagnostic efficacy of CVD and its mortality, and correlation with some CVD over and above the current hottest TyG. TyG-WC and TyG-WtHR are expected to become more effective metrics for identifying populations at early risk of cardiovascular disease and improve risk stratification.

Abstract Background To explore the relationship between sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality risk in a population with type 2 diabetes through a UK Biobank sample. Methods A total of 6860 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in this study. Five sleep factors (including Chronotype, sleep duration, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and snoring) were collected as a questionnaire. The calculation generates a sleep score of 0–5, and then three sleep patterns were defined based on the sleep scores: poor sleep pattern (0–2), Intermediate sleep pattern (3–4), and healthy sleep pattern (5). HRs and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by multivariate COX proportional risk model adjustment. Restricted cubic splines were used to validate linear associations between sleep scores CVD events. Results Our results found a reduced risk of CVD events in individuals with healthy sleep patterns compared to participants with poor sleep patterns. CVD Mortality (HR, 0.690; 95% CI 0.519–0.916), ASCVD (Atherosclerosis CVD) (HR, 0.784; 95% CI 0.671–0.915), CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) (HR, 0.737; 95% CI 0.618–0.879), PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease) (HR, 0.612; 95% CI 0.418–0.896), Heart Failure (HR, 0.653; 95% CI 0.488–0.875). Restricted cubic spline responded to a negative linear correlation between sleep scores and CVD Mortality, ASCVD, CAD, PAD, and Heart Failure. Conclusions Healthy sleep patterns are significantly associated with a reduced risk of CVD Mortality, ASCVD, CAD, PAD, and Heart Failure in the diabetes population.

Abstract Background There is insufficient evidence for the ability of vitamin K2 to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms by regulating gut microbial composition. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate the key role of the gut microbiota in the improvement of impaired glycemic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by vitamin K2 intervention. Methods We first performed a 6-month RCT on 60 T2DM participants with or without MK-7 (a natural form of vitamin K2) intervention. In addition, we conducted a transplantation of the MK-7-regulated microbiota in diet-induced obesity mice for 4 weeks. 16S rRNA sequencing, fecal metabolomics, and transcriptomics in both study phases were used to clarify the potential mechanism. Results After MK-7 intervention, we observed notable 13.4%, 28.3%, and 7.4% reductions in fasting serum glucose (P = 0.048), insulin (P = 0.005), and HbA1c levels (P = 0.019) in type 2 diabetes participants and significant glucose tolerance improvement in diet-induced obesity mice (P = 0.005). Moreover, increased concentrations of secondary bile acids (lithocholic and taurodeoxycholic acid) and short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid) were found in human and mouse feces accompanied by an increased abundance of the genera that are responsible for the biosynthesis of these metabolites. Finally, we found that 4 weeks of fecal microbiota transplantation significantly improved glucose tolerance in diet-induced obesity mice by activating colon bile acid receptors, improving host immune-inflammatory responses, and increasing circulating GLP-1 concentrations. Conclusions Our gut-derived findings provide evidence for a regulatory role of vitamin K2 on glycemic homeostasis, which may further facilitate the clinical implementation of vitamin K2 intervention for diabetes management. Trial registration The study was registered at https://www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800019663).