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Background and Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency and the associated factors in hospitalized neonates in Xi'an, China.Methods and Study Design: A total of 524 hospitalized neonates were collected in this study. Serum vitamin A and D concentrations were detected in neonates within two weeks of birth.Results: Serum vitamin A and D concentrations of hospitalized neonates were 0.55±0.21 μmol/L and 42.0±20.6 nmol/L, respectively. They were greater in full-term neonates than in preterm neonates, greater in rural neonates than in urban, and greater in single than in twin (all p<0.001). The prevalence of vitamin A and D deficiency were 14.9% and 33.0%, the prevalence of marginal vitamin A deficiency was 64.7%, and vitamin D insufficiency was 35.1%. Neonatal serum vitamin A and D concentrations were all positively correlated with birth weight and gestational age. Neonatal serum vitamin D concentration was also positively correlated with maternal serum vitamin D concentration. Additionally, neonatal vitamin A concentration was positively correlated with neonatal serum vitamin D concentration.Conclusions: Vitamin A and vitamin D statuses are compromised in hospitalized neonates in Xi'an, especially in premature neonates, low birth weight neonates, twins, and those born in urban areas. Individualized supplementation with vitamin A and vitamin D in neonates should be a clinical consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the effect of resveratrol (Res) on Kawasaki disease (KD)-induced myocardial injury and to evaluate its effect on apoptosis and autophagy., Methods: Forty-eight juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a Res group, a lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)-induced Kawasaki disease group (KD group), and a LCWE-induced Kawasaki disease + Res treatment group (Res+KD group). The control group was intraperitoneally injected with saline. The Res group was intraperitoneally injected with resveratrol (100 mg/kg). The KD group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL LCWE (1 mg/mL). The Res+KD group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL LCWE (1 mg/mL) and resveratrol (100 mg/kg). After 4 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and short axis shortening rate (LVFS) were detected by echocardiography. The apoptotic rate was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B), Beclin-1, autophagy related 5 (Atg5) and sequestosome-1 (p62) were detected by Western blotting. The formation of autophagosome was observed under transmission electron microscope., Results: There was no significant difference in the above-mentioned indexes between the control group and the Res group (all P >0.05). Compared with the control group, the values of LVEF and LVFS were significantly decreased in the KD group (both P <0.01); the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and TUNEL-positive cells were increased (both P <0.01); the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, the levels of Beclin 1, Atg5 and p62, and the number of autophagosomes were also significantly increased in KD group (all P <0.01). Compared with the KD group, the values of LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and TUNEL-positive cells were decreased, the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, the levels of Beclin 1, Atg5 and p62 were all decreased (all P <0.01), and the number of autophagosomes was suppressed., Conclusions: Res can attenuate the KD-induced myocardial injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and autophagy.