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Opinion leaders are those who have strong influence on the public in the process of communication, directly or indirectly influence public opinion tendency and formation. Opinion leader mining in social networks is a significant task, which has been widely used in the fields of commercial marketing, policy propaganda, public opinion monitoring, and social public issues. Firstly, the origin, definition and classification of opinion leaders are described. Then a more comprehensive summary of current opinion leader mining methods is presented, which is grouped into four categories: user rating rule-based methods, social network graph-based methods, influence propagation model-based methods, and multidimensional fusion methods. The basic ideas and key points of the above methods are described respectively, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed. In addition, the recommended evaluation metrics are given by analyzing the existing evaluation metrics. Finally, three future research directions are discussed: improving mining efficiency and effectiveness through clustering mining methods using graph neural network, designing dynamic models to meet more time-sensitive application scenarios, and dividing opinion leader hierarchies to meet different levels of demand.

This study explores the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) spatial heterogeneity on tropical cyclone (TC) intensity through a combination of observations and simulations, aiming to provide a reference for further improving TC intensity forecasting skills. Two distinct patterns of SST spatial heterogeneity are identified based on a statistical analysis of observational data, when the SST at the TC center is above and below 29.3°C, respectively. One is a warm‐core pattern (WCP) with a warm peak SST at the TC center decreasing centrifugally which favors TC development, and the other one is a poleward‐decreasing pattern (PDP) with a warm SST at the south decreasing poleward which suppresses TC development. The numerical simulations confirm the opposite influence of the WCP and the PDP on TC intensity. The WCP intensifies TC intensity by strengthening TC secondary circulation, increasing the conversion from ocean heat energy to TC kinetic energy, and compacting TC structure. In contrast, the PDP weakens TC intensity by inducing opposing responses of these processes. The magnitude of TC intensity change caused by SST spatial heterogeneity is comparable to those caused by a 1°C change in SST at the TC center. These findings offer valuable insights into the role of SST spatial heterogeneity in TC development and provide a new perspective to improve TC intensity forecasting by incorporating SST spatial heterogeneity into statistical‐dynamic models. Plain Language Summary: Tropical cyclones pose a significant threat to human society, and improving their intensity forecasting is crucial to mitigate their potential damage. However, current forecasting models fail to accurately account for the influence of sea‐surface temperature spatial variations on cyclone intensity change. This study identified two types of sea‐surface temperature spatial heterogeneity that play opposing roles in tropical cyclone (TC) development: a warm‐core pattern positively influences cyclone intensity, while a polar‐decreasing pattern negatively affects it. These findings emphasize the critical role of sea‐surface temperature spatial heterogeneity in TC intensity and suggest a new perspective for improving intensity forecasting models, which could ultimately help reduce the damage caused by these destructive storms. Key Points: Two spatial patterns of sea surface temperature (SST) beneath tropical cyclones (TCs) are identified based on SST value at the TC centerSST exhibiting a warm‐core and poleward‐decreasing spatial pattern facilitate and inhibit the development of TC, respectivelySpatial heterogeneity in SST modulates the energy conversion from ocean to TC via secondary circulation, leading to changes in TC intensity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive understanding of the spatial characteristics of tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation is essential for effective socioeconomic planning and scientific research. The present study examines the spatial asymmetry in TC precipitation over the western North Pacific (WNP) concerning various factors, including latitudes, sea surface temperature (SST), TC intensity, and translation speed, based on satellite observations. The results reveal a significant poleward migration of TC precipitation asymmetry particularly above 15° N. Furthermore, the asymmetry exhibits considerable sensitivity to changes in TC center latitudes and SSTs, characterized by anticlockwise and northeastward migration, respectively. The poleward migration of TC precipitation spatial asymmetry is primarily due to the poleward decreasing SST, increasing vertical wind shear and increasing TC translation speed. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of TC behavior over the WNP and provide valuable insights for disaster preparedness and mitigation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]