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Objective: To investigate whether melatonin (MT) secretion in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) exhibits seasonal variations and its correlation with immune regulation. Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control and model groups, and the pineal gland was removed in the model group. Stomach, jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were obtained during the spring equinox, summer solstice, beginning of autumn, autumn equinox, and winter solstice. The levels of MT, MT receptors (MR), arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the GIT were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Except for the stomach, the jejunum, ileum, and the colon showed seasonal tendencies in MT secretion. In the control group, MT secretion in the jejunum and ileum was the highest in the long summer, and colonic MT secretion was the highest in winter. In the model group, MT levels in the colon were highest in the summer. The seasonal rhythms of the MR, AANAT, HIOMT, IL-2, and IL-10 in the colon were roughly similar to those of MT, and changed accordingly after pinealectomy. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal MT secretion is related to seasonal changes, and MT secretion in each intestinal segment is influenced by different seasons. The biological effects of MT in the gut are inextricably linked to the mediation of MR, and a hormone-receptor linkage exists between MT and MR. The effect of seasonal changes on the gastrointestinal immune system may be mediated through the regulation of seasonal secretion of MT.

Abstract Due to the ignoring of rich spatio-temporal and global contextual information with convolutional neural networks in features extraction, the traditional method is prone to tracking drift or even failure in complex scenario, especially for the tiny targets in aerial photography scenario. In this work, it proposes a transformer feature integration network (TFITrack) to obtain diverse and comprehensive target feature for the robust object tracking. Based on the typical transformer architecture, it optimizes encoder and decoder structure for aggregating discriminative spatio-temporal information and global context-awareness feature. Furthermore, the encoder introduces the similarity calculation layer and dual-attention module; the aim is to deepen the similarity between features and make corrections for channel and spatial dimensions, and feature representation is improved. Finally, with the introduction of the temporal context filtering layer, unimportant feature information is ignored adaptively, obtaining a balance between the parameters number reduction and stable performance. Experimental results show that the proposed tracking algorithm exhibits excellent tracking performance on seven benchmark datasets, especially on the aerial dataset UAV123, UAV20L, and UAV123@10fps, which presents the advantages of the novel method in dealing with fast motion and external interference.

The effects of Si addition to Fe on the formation and growth of intermetallic compounds (IMC) in Fe/Al composites were studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The results showed that: when annealing time was 1 h, the critical IMC formation temperature of Pure Al/Pure Fe, Pure Al/Fe+0.82Si, Al+0.88Si/Pure Fe and Al+0.88Si/Fe+0.82Si were 440 °C, 480 °C, 520 °C and 620 °C, respectively. The major IMC phase formed in the four composites after heat treatments at 640 °C/1h and 640 °C/24h was the η phase (Fe2Al5), and a large number of θ phase (Fe4Al13) particles were present in the η phase for the Pure Al/Pure Fe sample. When Si element was added to Fe and Al, Fe3Al2Si3 phase and FeAl2Si phase were observed in the η phase. The thickness of the formed IMC layer in the four composites after heat treatment at 640 °C/1h was in the order: Pure Al/Pure Fe ≈ Pure Al/Fe+0.88Si > Al+0.888Si/Pure Fe ≈ Al+0.888Si/Fe+0.88Si. The growth activation energies of the IMC layer in the Pure Al/Pure Fe, Pure Al/Fe+0.82Si, Al+0.88Si/Pure Fe, Al+0.88Si/Fe+0.82Si samples were 76.1 kJ/mol, 276 kJ/mol, 349 kJ/mol and 519.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The effect of Si atoms on the formation of IMC was mainly by the interfacial enrichment mechanism and the new phase inhibition mechanism of FexAlySiz. The enrichment of Si at the interface of Al and Fe increased the growth activation energy and reduce the growth rate of IMC layer thickness. The formation of new FexAlySiz phase can inhibit the rapid growth of IMC phase along the C axis.

The depth profiling of the element content and precipitation phase distribution of the AA4045/AA3003mod (Al-1.5Mn-0.35Cu alloy)/AA4045 brazed sheets were investigated by optical microscope observation, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), focused ion beam-scanning transmission electron microscopy (FIB-STEM). The electrochemical test and sea water acetic acid test (SWAAT) were performed to obtain the evolution of electrochemical responses and corrosion forms of brazed sheet. EPMA results showed that a diffusion layer with the thickness of approximately 50 μm existed between the clad layer and core layer, where the Cu diffused from the core layer and Si diffused from the clad layer. It was found that brazing led to a significant low elements solid solution area at the end of the Si diffusion path, where the open circuit potential was lower by 25 mV comparing to the unaffected region. Thus the diffusion zone can provide effective cathodic protection to the unaffected region as sacrificial anode by the potential gradient. The SWAAT analysis revealed the corrosion mechanism of the residual cladding was pitting and intergranular corrosion. This area with high density of intermetallic compounds and Si particles increased sensitivity to localized attacks. These results demonstrated the successful application of the FIB-STEM system in illustrating the electrochemical responses and corrosion propagation by an accurate in-depth characterization of intermetallic particles and the matrix solid solution.

Abstract Blood flow and pressure calculated using the currently available methods have shown the potential to predict the progression of pathology, guide treatment strategies and help with postoperative recovery. However, the conspicuous disadvantage of these methods might be the time-consuming nature due to the simulation of virtual interventional treatment. The purpose of this study is to propose a fast novel physics-based model, called FAST, for the prediction of blood flow and pressure. More specifically, blood flow in a vessel is discretized into a number of micro-flow elements along the centerline of the artery, so that when using the equation of viscous fluid motion, the complex blood flow in the artery is simplified into a one-dimensional (1D) steady-state flow. We demonstrate that this method can compute the fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). 345 patients with 402 lesions are used to evaluate the feasibility of the FAST simulation through a comparison with three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Invasive FFR is also introduced to validate the diagnostic performance of the FAST method as a reference standard. The performance of the FAST method is comparable with the 3D CFD method. Compared with invasive FFR, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FAST is 88.6%, 83.2% and 91.3%, respectively. The AUC of FFRFAST is 0.906. This demonstrates that the FAST algorithm and 3D CFD method show high consistency in predicting steady-state blood flow and pressure. Meanwhile, the FAST method also shows the potential in detecting lesion-specific ischemia.

The influence of grain size on the corrosion behavior of pure aluminum and the defect density and diffusion coefficient of surface passive films were investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and electrochemical testing techniques, based on the point defect model (PDM). Samples with three different grain sizes (23 ± 11, 134 ± 52, and 462 ± 203 μm) were obtained by annealing at different temperatures and times. The polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results for the pure aluminum in the 3.5% NaCl solution showed that with decreasing grain size, the corrosion current (icorr) decreased monotonously, giving rise to a noble corrosion potential and a large polarization resistance. The Motte–Schottky results showed that the passive films that formed on pure aluminum with fine grains of 23 ± 11 μm had a low density (3.82 × 1020 cm−3) of point defects, such as oxygen vacancies and/or metal interstitials, and a small diffusion coefficient (1.94 × 10−17 cm2/s). The influence of grain size on corrosion resistance was discussed. This work demonstrated that grain refinement could be an effective approach to achieving high corrosion resistance of passive metals.

Background: Keloids are aggressive fibroproliferative disorders that cause aesthetic and functional damage. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown promise as a novel treatment for keloids. However, the limited penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and unsatisfactory outcomes in dense scars hinder its effectiveness as a monotherapy. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional CO2 laser followed by 5-ALA PDT for keloids. Methods: A total of 12 patients with keloid were included in our study. Each lesion was pretreated by fractional CO2 laser with 26–28 W to create microthermal zones. After topical application of 5-ALA solution, an irradiation of 635 nm red light with 120 J/cm2 was performed. The treatment was repeated at least every 2 weeks. Efficacy and safety were evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for keloid-related symptoms and documentation of postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed to compare VSS and keloid-related symptom VAS scores of the baseline and final treatment sessions. Results: The final treatment resulted in a statistically significant decrease in all parameters of VSS and VAS for pruritus and pain compared to the baseline. Except for postoperative hyperpigmentation, no infections, scar aggravation, or recurrence were observed during at least 6 months of follow-up. Overall, patients expressed a high level of satisfaction with the treatment outcome. Conclusions: Fractional CO2 laser followed by 5-ALA PDT is a promising method for treating keloids. However, its synergetic effects need to be validated through clinical trials involving larger patient cohorts.

Due to the limited semantic information extraction with small objects and difficulty in distinguishing similar targets, it brings great challenges to target detection in remote sensing scenarios, which results in poor detection performance. This paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 remote sensing image target detection algorithm, SEB-YOLO (SPD-Conv + ECSPP + Bi-FPN + YOLOv5). Firstly, the space-to-depth (SPD) layer followed by a non-strided convolution (Conv) layer module (SPD-Conv) was used to reconstruct the backbone network, which retained the global features and reduced the feature loss. Meanwhile, the pooling module with the attention mechanism of the final layer of the backbone network was designed to help the network better identify and locate the target. Furthermore, a bidirectional feature pyramid network (Bi-FPN) with bilinear interpolation upsampling was added to improve bidirectional cross-scale connection and weighted feature fusion. Finally, the decoupled head is introduced to enhance the model convergence and solve the contradiction between the classification task and the regression task. Experimental results on NWPU VHR-10 and RSOD datasets show that the mAP of the proposed algorithm reaches 93.5% and 93.9%respectively, which is 4.0% and 5.3% higher than that of the original YOLOv5l algorithm. The proposed algorithm achieves better detection results for complex remote sensing images.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the impact of the different domains of intrinsic capacity (IC) and chronic disease burden on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and domain-specific HRQoL in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.DesignA cross-sectional observational study of a community-based cohort.ParticipantsWe evaluated Chinese older adults (n = 429, mean age, 72.91 ± 7.014 years; female proportion, 57.30%).MeasurementsIC contains five domains, namely locomotion, vitality, cognition, psychological, and sensory capacity. Locomotion dysfunction was defined as grip and/or gait decline. Vitality decline was defined if two of the following three parameters were present: fatigue, physical inactivity, and weight loss or overweight. Cognition was classified into normal cognition, pre-mild cognitive impairment (pre-MCI), and MCI according to the normative z-scores of the neuropsychological test battery. Psychological dysfunction was diagnosed based on depressive symptoms. Sensory dysfunction was defined as hearing and/or vision impairment. HRQoL was assessed using the AQoL-8D scale, which comprised physical (including independent living, senses, and pain) and psychosocial (including mental health, happiness, self-worth, coping, and relationships) dimensions. Low HRQoL (HRQoL score or subscores in the highest quintile) was used as a dependent variable in logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic, health-related, and psychological confounders.ResultsSensory impairment was an independent determinant of senses, and locomotion impairment was significantly associated with overall HRQoL, independent living, and pain in the physical dimension of HRQoL. Cognition was an independent determinant of the senses. Vitality was independently associated with overall HRQoL, senses, and pain in the physical dimension and mental health and relationships in the psychological dimension of HRQoL. The psychological domain of IC was independently associated with overall and domain-specific HRQoL apart from senses after adjustment for all confounders. The number of multimorbidities mainly had a significant impact on independent living after adjustment for all confounders.ConclusionIC domains and chronic disease burden had heterogeneous influences on overall and domain-specific HRQoL. The impairment of sensory and locomotion domains had a synergistic impact on the overall and physical dimensions of HRQoL. The vitality and psychological domains of IC had more profound effects on HRQoL. Older people with high morbidity might have a higher risk of poor independent living.

Accurate segmentation of cardiac tissues and organs based on cardiac computerized tomography angiography (CCTA) images has played an important role in biophysical modeling and medical diagnosis. The existing research on segmentation of cardiac tissues generally rely on limited public data, which may lead to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we first present a unique dataset of three-dimensional (3D) CCTA images collected from multiple centers to remedy this shortcoming. We further propose to efficiently create labels by solving the Laplace’s equation with given boundary conditions. The generated images and labels are confirmed by cardiologists. A deep learning algorithm, based on 3D-Unet model trained with a combined loss function, is proposed to simultaneously segment aorta, left ventricle, left atrium, left atrial appendage and myocardium from the CCTA images. Experimental evaluations show that the model trained with a proposed combined loss function can improve the segmentation accuracy and robustness. By efficiently producing a patient-specific geometry for simulation, we believe that this learning-based approach could provide an avenue to combine with biophysical modeling for the study of hemodynamics in cardiac tissues.

Most unsupervised cross-domain person re-identification methods based on clustering suffer from a lack of feature discrimination and clustering generates pseudo-labels noise, leading to a decrease in accuracy. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an unsupervised cross-domain person re-identification method based on attention block and refined clustering. Firstly, ResNet50 is selected as the backbone network, coordinate attention and triple attention are concatenated and embedded in ResNet50 to extract fine-grained features, perform feature aggregation, and mine fine-grained information. Secondly, a refined clustering strategy is proposed to achieve a coarse-to-fine clustering process by designing the measurement standards for clustering, determining its reliability, and eliminating noisy samples. Finally, the hybrid memory bank dynamically stores cluster centers and continues to update them with iterations, adapting to changes in clusters and performing invariant learning. The experimental results show that the new method designed in the paper improves the accuracy of rank-1 and mAP by 0.4% and 2.4%, respectively, on the target domain Market-1501 dataset, and improves the accuracy of rank-1 and mAP by 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively, on the target domain DukeMTMC-ReID dataset, compared with other typical methods.

Age-related functional reserve decline and vulnerability of multiple physiological systems and organs, as well as at the cellular and molecular levels, result in different frailty phenotypes, such as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial frailty, and multiple comorbidities, including age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and/or tinnitus due to the decline in auditory reserve. However, the contributions of chronic non-audiogenic cumulative exposure, and chronic audiogenic stress to phenotypic heterogeneity of presbycusis and/or tinnitus remain elusive. Because of the cumulative environmental stressors throughout life, allostasis systems, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic adrenal–medullary (SAM) axes become dysregulated and less able to maintain homeostasis, which leads to allostatic load and maladaptation. Brain–body communication via the neuroendocrine system promotes systemic chronic inflammation, overmobilization of energetic substances (glucose and lipids), and neuroplastic changes via the non-genomic and genomic actions of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and their receptors. These systemic maladaptive alterations might lead to different frailty phenotypes and physical, cognitive, and psychological comorbidities, which, in turn, cause and exacerbate ARHL and/or tinnitus with phenotypic heterogeneity. Chronic audiogenic stressors, including aging accompanying ontological diseases, cumulative noise exposure, and ototoxic drugs as well as tinnitus, activate the HPA axis and SAM directly and indirectly by the amygdala, promoting allostatic load and maladaptive neuroplasticity in the auditory system and other vulnerable brain regions, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the auditory system, peripheral deafferentation, central disinhibition, and tonotopic map reorganization may trigger tinnitus. Cross-modal maladaptive neuroplasticity between the auditory and other sensory systems is involved in tinnitus modulation. Persistent dendritic growth and formation, reduction in GABAergic inhibitory synaptic inputs induced by chronic audiogenic stresses in the amygdala, and increased dendritic atrophy in the hippocampus and mPFC, might involve the enhancement of attentional processing and long-term memory storage of chronic subjective tinnitus, accompanied by cognitive impairments and emotional comorbidities. Therefore, presbycusis and tinnitus are multisystem disorders with phenotypic heterogeneity. Stressors play a critical role in the phenotypic heterogeneity of presbycusis. Differential diagnosis based on biomarkers of metabonomics study, and interventions tailored to different ARHL phenotypes and/or tinnitus will contribute to healthy aging and improvement in the quality of life.

Due to high maneuverability as well as hardware limitations of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms, tracking targets in UAV views often encounter challenges such as low resolution, fast motion, and background interference, which make it difficult to strike a compatibility between performance and efficiency. Based on the Siamese network framework, this paper proposes a novel UAV tracking algorithm, SiamHSFT, aiming to achieve a balance between tracking robustness and real-time computation. Firstly, by combining CBAM attention and downward information interaction in the feature enhancement module, the provided method merges high-level and low-level feature maps to prevent the loss of information when dealing with small targets. Secondly, it focuses on both long and short spatial intervals within the affinity in the interlaced sparse attention module, thereby enhancing the utilization of global context and prioritizing crucial information in feature extraction. Lastly, the Transformer’s encoder is optimized with a modulation enhancement layer, which integrates triplet attention to enhance inter-layer dependencies and improve target discrimination. Experimental results demonstrate SiamHSFT’s excellent performance across diverse datasets, including UAV123, UAV20L, UAV123@10fps, and DTB70. Notably, it performs better in fast motion and dynamic blurring scenarios. Meanwhile, it maintains an average tracking speed of 126.7 fps across all datasets, meeting real-time tracking requirements.

Background: Malignant melanoma has high morbidity and mortality and limited treatment options. Traditional Chinese medicine has great potential in the clinical therapy of cancer, and the theory of compatibility is one core content of Chinese medical theory. Astragalus Membranaceus and Radix Trichosanthis are clinically effective for the treatment of various cancers.Methods: We verified the effects of AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” on melanoma model in vitro and in vivo and the mechanism of its effect on the Akt-related signaling pathway by network pharmacology, MTT, flow cytometry, LDH, SOD, MDA assay, and Western blot.Results: The network pharmacology analysis indicated that the PI3K-Akt pathway plays a crucial role in the treatment of malignant melanoma with these two herbs. In addition, AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” could inhibit the proliferation of A375 cells by reducing the survival rate in a concentration-dependent manner and by regulating the cell cycle, and the compatibility of two herbs also could inhibit melanoma growth. They could, respectively, induce apoptosis and inhibit migration by affecting the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, p53, snail, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Furthermore, LDH activity was decreased, while SOD increased and MDA reduced. The factors of the Akt-related signaling pathway, Akt and p-Akt, were decreased.Conclusion: This study showed that AMD, RTD, and their “cocktail” could regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis in A375 cells through the suppression of the Akt-related signaling pathway, and the “cocktail” groups had detoxification and additive effects. The best compatibility of the two herbs also can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, mature, noncoding RNA that lead to posttranscriptional gene silencing to regulate gene expression. miRNAs are instrumental in biological processes such as cell development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis. The miRNA-mediated gene silencing is an important part of the regulation of gene expression in many kinds of diseases. miR-155, one of the best-characterized miRNAs, has been found to be closely related to physiological and pathological processes. What is more, miR-155 can be used as a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. We analyze the articles about miR-155 for nearly five years, review the advanced study on the function of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells like T cells, B cells, DCs, and macrophages, and then summarize the biological functions of miR-155 in different inflammatory cells. The widespread involvement of miR-155 in human diseases has led to a novel therapeutic approach between Chinese and Western medicine.

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias are associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previous studies have found the late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was independently associated with ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in HCM. The risk stratification of VA remains complex and LGE is present in the majority of HCM patients. This study was conducted to determine whether the scar heterogeneity from LGE-derived entropy is associated with the VAs in HCM patients.Materials and Methods: Sixty-eight HCM patients with scarring were retrospectively enrolled and divided into VA (31 patients) and non-VA (37 patients) groups. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and percentage of the LGE (% LGE) were evaluated. The scar heterogeneity was quantified by the entropy within the scar and left ventricular (LV) myocardium.Results: Multivariate analyses showed that a higher scar [hazard ratio (HR) 2.682; 95% CI: 1.022–7.037; p = 0.039] was independently associated with VA, after the adjustment for the LVEF, %LGE, LV maximal wall thickness (MWT), and left atrium (LA) diameter.Conclusion: Scar entropy and %LGE are both independent risk indicators of VA. A high scar entropy may indicate an arrhythmogenic scar, an identification of which may have value for the clinical status assessment of VAs in HCM patients.

Objective: To investigate the impact of the severity of age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and tinnitus, presence of ARHL and/or tinnitus, and physical frailty on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and domain-specific HRQoL in Chinese community-dwelling older adults.Design: This was a cross-sectional study of a community-based cohort.Participants: We evaluated Chinese older adults (n = 429, 183 men and 246 women) aged ≥ 58years.Measurements: The severity of HL and tinnitus were measured using pure-tone audiometry and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), respectively. Physical frailty was measured using the five-item Fried scale. HRQoL was assessed using the Assessment of Quality of Life-8-Dimension (AQoL-8D) multi-attribute utility instrument (35 HRQoL items and eight domain-specific HRQoL subcategories). Low HRQoL (HRQoL score or subscores in the highest quintile) was used as a dependent variable in logistic regression analyses adjusted for demographic (Model 1) and health-related (Model 2) and psychosocial (Model 3) confounders.Results: Age-related hearing loss severity was an independent determinant of senses in the physical dimension of HRQoL after adjusting for all covariates. Tinnitus severity was significantly associated with HRQoL and with independent living, senses, and pain in the physical dimension after adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates and was still associated with independent living and senses after adjusting for all covariates. The presence of ARHL and/or tinnitus was significantly associated with independent living and senses in the physical dimension after adjusting for all the covariates. Physical frailty was an independent determinant of HRQoL, independent living, and pain in the physical dimension and with mental health, happiness, and coping in the psychosocial dimension after adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates. The association with HRQoL, independent living, and pain in the physical dimension, and with happiness and coping in the psychosocial dimension remained significant after adjusting for the covariates. Depressive symptoms, social dysfunction, and a number of comorbidities were critical determinants of psychosocial HRQoL.Conclusion: Physical frailty has a stronger and more profound effect on HRQoL, particularly on independent living and pain in the physical dimension and on happiness and coping in the psychosocial dimension. Domain-specific HRQoL should be considered in the management of patients with ARHL with tinnitus and physical frailty.Clinical Trial Registration:www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT2017K020.

As an important part of the eye, the retina is very important to the human body. At present, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with retinal damage or detached blindness in clinical medicine rely on medical imaging technology and ophthalmological equipment. However, the three-dimensional image of the retina constructed by the existing imaging equipment has major defects, which is not conducive to the medical staff's treatment of the lesion, careful observation and precise judgment. Therefore, this article proposes a three-dimensional perceptual reconstruction of the retina based on visual light field images. Computer vision lighting technology is used to create four-dimensional spaces for retinal images, and to enable this, four-dimensional light data is connected to the three-dimensional retinal reconstruction. The resulting retinal image not only contains three-dimensional information, but also has four-dimensional optical shapes, providing physicians with well-thought-out and accurate images for diagnosing and treating diseases. This article first collected a large amount of data through the literature survey method, introduced in detail the related theories and algorithm processes of computer vision, light field imaging technology and 3D reconstruction technology, laying a sufficient theoretical foundation for the 3D perception reconstruction of the retina. Combining the light field imaging technology with 3D reconstruction technology, a 3D reconstruction based on visual light field images is proposed, taking 10 retinal images from the ophthalmology department of the Provincial Hospital as an example, the 3D perception of the retina based on visual light field images is carried out. Finally, a comprehensive comparison and analysis of several algorithms in the process of retina 3D perception reconstruction found that the logarithmic transformation method is better than the histogram equalization method in the enhanced image contrast algorithm; compared with the traditional median filter denoising algorithm, the adaptive weighted median filter denoising method proposed in this article has better effect; in the retinal image registration algorithm, the Powell algorithm handles the details of the image more in place, preserves the edge of the image intact, and the image quality is better; and the inter-layer interpolation algorithm. In this article, the image obtained by the adaptive optimization interpolation algorithm proposed is better than the image obtained by the nearest neighbor interpolation and linear interpolation algorithm.

Objective We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to compare the complication rates, revision rates and non-implant-specific complications between robotic-assisted and conventional UKA.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched up to 30 June 2020.Eligibility criteria Case–control studies comparing robotic-assisted and conventional UKA.Data extraction and synthesis Data from all eligible articles were independently extracted by two authors. We analysed the differences in outcomes between robotic-assisted and conventional UKA by calculating the corresponding 95% CIs and pooled relative risks (RRs). Heterogeneity was assessed using the χ2 and I2 tests. All analyses were performed using the ‘metafor’ package of R V.3.6.2 software.Results A total of 16 studies involving 50 024 patients were included in the final meta-analysis. We found that robotic-assisted UKA had fewer complications (RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.96, p=0.036) and lower revision rates (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.20 to 0.86, p=0.017) than conventional UKA. We observed no significant differences in non-implant-specific complications between the two surgical techniques (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.04, p=0.96). No publication bias was found in this meta-analysis.Conclusions This study provides evidence that robotic-assisted UKA has fewer complications and lower revision rates than conventional UKA; however, owing to important limitations, the results lack reliability, and more studies are required.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021246927.

This paper proposes a tracking method combining feature enhancement and template update, aiming to solve the problems of existing trackers lacking global information attention, weak feature characterization ability, and not being well adapted to the changing appearance of the target. Pre-extracted features are enhanced in context and on channels through a feature enhancement network consisting of channel attention and transformer architectures. The enhanced feature information is input into classification and regression networks to achieve the final target state estimation. At the same time, the template update strategy is introduced to update the sample template judiciously. Experimental results show that the proposed tracking method exhibits good tracking performance on the OTB100, LaSOT, and GOT-10k benchmark datasets.

The scatter contamination and photon starvation artifacts are less severe due to the smaller cone angle and attenuation associated with the smaller sample size in the microstructure imaging (MSI) with a cone-beam CT (CBCT) instrument. Compared with other artifacts, the blurring effect is more critical in the MSI due to the direct degradation of spatial resolution. An efficient deblurring method using the line integral images is proposed in this paper. The point spread function (PSF) of the CBCT system is simplified as a 2D Gaussian kernel function with the spatially invariant assumption. The deblurred line integral images are calculated using the iterative optimization process with an objective function in which the blurring effects are described by the convolution between the simplified PSF and the real line integral image. A first-order primal–dual algorithm is applied and derived to solve the real line integral image due to its fast convergence and high computational efficiency. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using various datasets, including a digital phantom, a physical phantom, and a laboratory mouse. The spatial resolution, noise distribution, and computation cost of the proposed method are compared with those of a 3D image domain deconvolution method. In addition to the well-suppressed blurring effects in the CBCT images, the proposed method provides a higher computational efficiency than the 3D approach. The proposed method is thus practical and attractive to be incorporated into the data processing workflow of the CBCT instrument of MSI.

Path planning for underwater remotely operated vehicles(ROVs) is a prerequisite for underwater inspection operation of hydropower plants. The reservoir of hydropower plants has complex environments, and the existing path planning algorithms face the problems of long planning time, poor stability of algorithms, easy fall into the local optimum, and unsmooth path generation. In view of these issues, this paper put forward a ROV path planning method for hydropower plants based on the improved hybrid motion sparrow search algorithm. Firstly, the good point set was introduced to improve the sparrow population initialization method, which enhanced the population diversity; secondly, the hybrid motion strategy was proposed to optimize the sparrow population position updating method, increasing the algorithm’s convergence accuracy and stability; then, the multivariate objective function, which contained time cost, path threat, current disturbance, and penalty function, was established by combining with the actual engineering problems and considering the factors of large flow velocity of reservoirs, strong magnetic field, obstacles, and cost; finally, the triple B-spline interpolation was used to obtain the optimal smooth path. The simulation results show that compared with other path planning algorithms, the proposed method performs better in terms of computational accuracy, convergence speed, and stability, and it is suitable for underwater inspection tasks of hydropower plants.