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Abstract The interlayer twist angle endows a new degree of freedom to manipulate the spatially separated interlayer excitons in van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures. Herein, we find that the band-edge Γ-Γ interlayer excitation directly forms interlayer exciton in InSe/Sb heterostructure, different from that of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterostructures in two-step processes by intralayer excitation and transfer. By tuning the interlayer coupling and breathing vibrational modes associated with the Γ-Γ photoexcitation, the interlayer twist can significantly adjust the excitation peak position and lifetime of recombination. The interlayer excitation peak in InSe/Sb heterostructure can shift ~400 meV, and the interlayer exciton lifetime varies in hundreds of nanoseconds as a periodic function of the twist angle (0°–60°). This work enriches the understanding of interlayer exciton formation and facilitates the artificial excitonic engineering of vdWs heterostructures.

Owing to the increasing complexity of task execution and a wide range of variability in environmental conditions, a single unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is insufficient to meet practical mission requirements. Multi-UAV systems have vast potential for applications in areas such as search and rescue. During search and rescue missions, UAVs acquire the location of the target to be rescued and subsequently plan a path that circumvents obstacles and leads to the target. Traditional path-planning algorithms require prior knowledge of obstacle distribution on the map, which may be difficult to obtain in real-world missions. To address the issue of traditional path-planning algorithms that rely on prior map information, this paper proposes a reinforcement learning-based approach for the collaborative exploration of multiple UAVs in unknown environments. First, a Markov decision process is employed to establish a game model and task objectives for the UAV cluster, considering the characteristics of collaborative exploration tasks and various constraints of UAV clusters. To maximize the search and rescue success rate, UAVs must satisfy dynamic and obstacle-avoidance constraints during mission execution. Second, a reinforcement learning-based method for the collaborative exploration of multiple UAVs is proposed. The multiagent soft actor–critic (MASAC) algorithm is used to iteratively train the UAVs’ collaborative exploration strategies. The actor network generates UAV actions, while the critic network evaluates the quality of these strategies. To enhance the algorithm’s generalization capability, training is conducted in randomly generated map environments. To avoid UAVs being obstructed by concave obstacles, a breadth-first search algorithm is used to calculate rewards based on the path distance between the UAVs and targets rather than the linear distance. During the exploration process, each UAV continuously collects and shares the map information with all other UAVs. They make individual action decisions based on the environment and information obtained from other UAVs, and the mission is considered successful if multiple UAVs hover above the target. Finally, a virtual simulation platform for algorithm validation is developed using the Unity game engine. The proposed algorithm is implemented using PyTorch, and bidirectional interaction between the Unity environment and Python algorithm is achieved through the ML-Agents (Machine learning agents) framework. Comparative experiments are conducted on the virtual simulation platform to compare the proposed algorithm with a non-cooperative single-agent SAC algorithm. The proposed method exhibits advantages in terms of task success rate, task completion efficiency, and episode rewards, validating the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

The multi-motor system position synchronous control has been widely used in the manufacturing industry, and its control structure and control strategy have a great impact on the quality and efficiency of industrial production. Referring to a large amount of domestic and foreign research literature in recent years, this paper first gives an overall classification diagram of position synchronous control algorithms for the multi-motor system, then reviews seven typical control structures and analyses their synchronous performance of position synchronous control for the multi-motor system. Then, the comprehensive performance comparison of the six traditional PID control algorithms and modern control algorithms is summarized. After that, a multi-motor-integrated position synchronous control algorithm without combining position synchronous control structures is described. Finally, the main research difficulties of position synchronous control for the multi-motor system is reviewed from three aspects: jitter vibration suppression of position output, position synchronous control and motor quantity, and the relationship between position synchronous control and mechanical coupling. Finally, the future development trends in the position synchronous control for the multi-motor system are summarized and analysed.

Abstract Substituting thermodynamically favorable ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) engenders high‐efficiency hydrogen production and generates high value‐added products as well. However, the main obstacles have been the low activity and the absence of an explicit catalytic mechanism. Herein, a heterostructure composed of amorphous vanadium oxide and crystalline nickel nitride (VOx−Ni3N) is developed. The heterostructure immensely boosts the EOR process, achieving the current density of 50 mA cm−2 at the low potential of 1.38 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), far surpassing the sluggish OER (1.65 V vs RHE). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates that the as‐fabricated heterostructure can promote the adsorption of OH− and the generation of the reactive species (O*). Theoretical calculations further outline the dual polarization of the Ni site at the interface, specifically the asymmetric charge redistribution (interfacial polarization) and in‐plane polarization. Consequently, the dual polarization modulates the d‐band center, which in turn regulates the adsorption/desorption strength of key reaction intermediates, thereby facilitating the entire EOR process. Moreover, a VOx−Ni3N‐based electrolyzer, coupling hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and EOR, attains 50 mA cm−2 at a low cell voltage of ≈1.5 V. This work thus paves the way for creating dual polarization through interface engineering toward broad catalysis.

Abstract Background To explore the potential of different quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (qDCE)-MRI tracer kinetic (TK) models and qDCE parameters in discriminating benign from malignant soft tissue tumors (STTs). Methods This research included 92 patients (41females, 51 males; age range 16–86 years, mean age 51.24 years) with STTs. The qDCE parameters (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, Vp, F, PS, MTT and E) for regions of interest of STTs were estimated by using the following TK models: Tofts (TOFTS), Extended Tofts (EXTOFTS), adiabatic tissue homogeneity (ATH), conventional compartmental (CC), and distributed parameter (DP). We established a comprehensive model combining the morphologic features, time-signal intensity curve shape, and optimal qDCE parameters. The capacities to identify benign and malignant STTs was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), degree of accuracy, and the analysis of the decision curve. Results TOFTS-Ktrans, EXTOFTS-Ktrans, EXTOFTS-Vp, CC-Vp and DP-Vp demonstrated good diagnostic performance among the qDCE parameters. Compared with the other TK models, the DP model has a higher AUC and a greater level of accuracy. The comprehensive model (AUC, 0.936, 0.884–0.988) demonstrated superiority in discriminating benign and malignant STTs, outperforming the qDCE models (AUC, 0.899–0.915) and the traditional imaging model (AUC, 0.802, 0.712–0.891) alone. Conclusions Various TK models successfully distinguish benign from malignant STTs. The comprehensive model is a noninvasive approach incorporating morphological imaging aspects and qDCE parameters, and shows significant potential for further development.

A tool passivation method called the rotating abrasive flow passivation method is proposed as a means to improve tool performance and processing quality. Experiments were conducted to compare the passivation of a carbide end milling cutter by vertical rotating passivation and rotating abrasive flow passivation, revealing the changing law of the tool edge. The results show that the original tool's edge has the smallest radius, characterized by a sharp edge with numerous defects. After vertical rotating passivation, there is slight change in the edge, but defects persist, and the blade shape remains unevenly blunt and circular. In contrast, As the edge after rotating abrasive flow passivation shows the most significant radius change, with some edge defects removed, resulting in a uniformly blunt circular edge shape. The rotating abrasive flow passivation method can not only eliminates edge defects but also presents higher passivation efficiency and a greater rate of change in the cutting edge radius. This method can significantly enhance tool performance, reduce tool wear, and improve machining quality.

In a variety of cancers, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated substantial survival advantages. Nevertheless, the widespread use of ICIs in the clinic has resulted in a growing interest in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and their treatment methods. This paper reports a case in which a patient with three sequential severe irAEs was successfully treated. After undergoing two regimens of sintilimab in conjunction with chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer, the patient developed myocarditis combined with hepatitis. Subsequently, the patient developed pneumonia following remission from treatment. We also discuss the mechanism of irAEs, principles of treatment, and progress in the study of biomarkers for early prediction of irAEs by reviewing the literature.

MXene, a family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides have attracted extensive interests for many biochemical applications, including tumour elimination, biosensors, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this article, we firstly discovered that Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibited a highly efficient adsorption capability as hemoperfusion absorbent towards middle-molecular mass and protein bound uremic toxins in the end stage of renal disease (ESRD) treatment. Molecular scale investigations reveal that the high efficiency of MXene for the removal of uremic toxins could be attributed to synergistic effects of physical/chemical adsorption, electrostatic interaction surface of 2D MXene, and transformation of protein secondary structure. 2D MXene materials could be used as a new hemoperfusion sorbent with ultrahigh efficiency for removing uremic toxins during the treatment of kidney disease.

Currently, intercalation has become an effective way to modify the fundamental properties of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials. Using density functional theory, we systematically investigated the structures and electronic and magnetic properties of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) intercalated with 3d TM atoms (TM = Sc–Ni), TM@BL_MS2 (M = Mo, V). Our results demonstrate that all the studied TM@BL_MS2s are of high stability, with large binding energies and high diffusion barriers of TM atoms. Interestingly, most TM@BL_MoS2s and TM@BL_VS2s are found to be stable ferromagnets. Among them, TM@BL_MoS2s (TM = Sc, Ti, Fe, Co) are ferromagnetic metals, TM@BL_MoS2 (TM = V, Cr) and TM@BL_VS2 (TM = Sc, V) are ferromagnetic half-metals, and the remaining systems are found to be ferromagnetic semiconductors. Exceptions are found for Ni@BL_MoS2 and Cr@BL_VS2, which are nonmagnetic semiconductors and ferrimagnetic half-metals, respectively. Further investigations reveal that the electromagnetic properties of TM@BL_MoS2 are significantly influenced by the concentration of intercalated TM atoms. Our study demonstrates that TM atom intercalation is an effective approach for manipulating the electromagnetic properties of two-dimensional materials, facilitating their potential applications in spintronic devices.

Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic semiconductors (FM SCs) provide an ideal platform for the development of quantum information technology in nanoscale devices. However, many developed 2D FM materials present a very low Curie temperature (TC), greatly limiting their application in spintronic devices. In this work, we predict two stable 2D transition metal chalcogenides, V3Se3X2 (X = S, Te) monolayers, by using first-principles calculations. Our results show that the V3Se3Te2 monolayer is a robust bipolar magnetic SC with a moderate bandgap of 0.53 eV, while V3Se3S2 is a direct band-gap FM SC with a bandgap of 0.59 eV. Interestingly, the ferromagnetisms of both monolayers are robust due to the V–S/Se/Te–V superexchange interaction, and TCs are about 406 K and 301 K, respectively. Applying biaxial strains, the FM SC to antiferromagnetic (AFM) SC transition is revealed at 5% and 3% of biaxial tensile strain. In addition, their high mechanical, dynamical, and thermal stabilities are further verified by phonon dispersion calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations. Their outstanding attributes render the V3Se3Y2 (Y = S, Te) monolayers promising candidates as 2D FM SCs for a wide range of applications.

Abstract Gallate material, a luminescent matrix with excellent performance is normally prepared by vapor deposition or solid phase sintering method at high temperature. However, it has not been solved to prepare gallate-based fluorescent materials with full-color luminescent properties at low temperature. In this paper, ZnGa2O4 undoped or doped with Cr or Mn nanoflowers composed of nanosheet-level structure were prepared by hydrothermal method at low temperature. Under ultraviolet light irradiation, ZnGa2O4, ZnGa2O4:Mn2+ and ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ display three primary colors of blue, green and red luminescence through self-excitation, Mn2+ and Cr3+ excitation respectively. The solid fluorescence yields of blue, green, and red colors are 32.3, 36.5, and 40.7%, respectively. It is highly expected to be applied to color display, biological imaging, white light devices.

The aim of this study was to optimize the preparation process of Ginkgo biloba peptides-zinc chelate (Zn-GBP), and analyze its in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and antioxidant activity. The preparation process of Zn-GBP was optimized by single factor test and response surface method. The bioavailability of zinc ions in the Zn-GBP was determined by in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity of Zn-GBP was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging ability, ABTS+ free radical scavenging ability and reducing ability. The results showed that the optimum preparation parameters were as follows: mass ratio of Ginkgo biloba peptides to zinc 3:1, chelating pH 8.2, chelating temperature 70 ℃, and chelating time 2 h. Under these parameters, the chelation rate was 49.23%±0.35%, and the chelate yield was 42.34%±0.45%. The solubility and permeability of zinc ions in Zn-GBP were significantly higher than those in inorganic zinc salts (P

Here, the authors present a resonance theory to describe the bonding configuration of flat boron materials without quantum calculation. Like aromaticity theory in carbon, it allows to intuitively understand the stability and properties of boron-related materials

Abstract Sulfur cathodes in Li–S batteries suffer significant volumetric expansion and lack of catalytic activity for polysulfide conversion. In this study, a confined self‐reduction synthetic route is developed for preparing nanocomposites using diverse metal ions (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+)‐introduced Al‐MIL‐96 as precursors. The Ni2+‐introduced Al‐MIL‐96‐derived nanocomposite contains a “hardness unit”, amorphous aluminum oxide framework, to restrain the volumetric expansion, and a “softness unit”, Ni nanocrystals, to improve the catalytic activity. The oxygen‐potential diagram theoretically explains why Ni2+ is preferentially reduced. Postmortem microstructure characterization confirms the suppressive volume expansion. The in situ ultraviolet–visible measurements are performed to probe the catalytic activity of polysulfide conversion. This study provides a new perspective for designing nanocomposites with “hardness units” and “softness units” as sulfur or other catalyst hosts.

Currently, two-dimensional (2D) materials with intrinsic antiferromagnetism have stimulated research interest due to their insensitivity to external magnetic fields and absence of stray fields. Here, we predict a family of stable transition metal (TM) borides, TMB12 (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe) monolayers, by combining TM atoms and B12 icosahedra based on first-principles calculations. Our results show that the four TMB12 monolayers have stable antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground states with large magnetic anisotropic energy. Among them, three TMB12 (TM=V, Cr, Mn) monolayers display an in-plane easy magnetization axis, while the FeB12 monolayer has an out-of-plane easy magnetization axis. Among them, the CrB12 and the FeB12 monolayers are AFM semiconductors with band gaps of 0.13 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively. In particular, the AFM FeB12 monolayer is a spin-polarized AFM material with a Néel temperature of 125 K. Moreover, the electronic and magnetic properties of the CrB12 and the FeB12 monolayers can be modulated by imposing external biaxial strains. Our findings show that the TMB12 monolayers are candidates for designing 2D AFM materials, with potential applications in electronic devices.

Abstract The construction of strong interactions and synergistic effects between small metal clusters and supports offers a great opportunity to achieve high‐performance and cost‐effective heterogeneous catalysis, however, studies on its applications in electrocatalysis are still insufficient. Herein, it is reported that W18O49 nanowires supported sub‐nanometric Ru clusters (denoted as Ru SNC/W18O49 NWs) constitute an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution/oxidation reactions (HER and HOR) under acidic condition. Microstructural analyses, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the Ru SNCs with an average RuRu coordination number of 4.9 are anchored to the W18O49 NWs via RuOW bonds at the interface. The strong metal‐support interaction leads to the electron‐deficient state of Ru SNCs, which enables a modulated RuH strength. Furthermore, the unique proton transport capability of the W18O49 also provides a potential migration channel for the reaction intermediates. These components collectively enable the remarkable performance of Ru SNC/W18O49 NWs for hydrogen electrocatalysis with 2.5 times of exchange current density than that of carbon‐supported Ru nanoparticles, and even rival the state‐of‐the‐art Pt catalyst. This work provides a new prospect for the development of supported sub‐nanometric metal clusters for efficient electrocatalysis.

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP) is a method of personal communication. This study aimed to determine the effect of NLP strategies on academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and critical thinking. Although NLP has been studied, more studies still need to be conducted on this variable contributing to language learning success. This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with the control group in 2021. Sampling was conducted through the multistage cluster random sampling (MCRS) method, and based on the Cambridge placement test (2010), 50 students proved to be at an advanced level and participated in this study. To test the hypotheses, an ANCOVA test was employed. Participants were randomly divided into two control (25 people) and experimental groups (25 people). They were performed on the experimental group during 12 sessions of 90 min of the strategic training in NLP. In the experimental group, the mean and std of critical thinking was 16.24 ± 2.59 in the pretest, which increased to 18.88 ± 2.77 in the posttest; the mean and std of academic achievement was 155.02 ± 15.90 in the pretest, which rose to 171.70 ± 10.83 in the posttest and the mean and std of emotional intelligence was 96.51 ± 12.44 in the pretest, which increased to 118.28 ± 6.18 in the posttest. The results of data analysis by covariance method showed that NLP was practical on learners' academic achievement, emotional intelligence, and critical thinking. Justifications and implications for the study's findings and suggestions for further research are presented.

Two-dimensional (2D) material is the promising for next-generation information technology. The recently discovered intrinsic magnetic crystals have simulated a renaissance in 2D spintronics, which provides an ideal platform for exploring novel physical phenomena. However, current experimental trial-and-error methods in discovering new spintronic material are still very expensive and challenging. In contrast, based on well-developed first-principles calculations, computationally designing the spintronic materials provides a more efficient way for exploring new ferromagnetic (FM) materials and understanding the nature of magnetic properties. Several predictions, such as CrI3 monolayer, CrGeTe3 bilayer, CrSBr monolayer, FeCl2 monolayer, and Fe3GeTe2 monolayer have been confirmed by experiments, showing the great performance of computational approaches. This minireview article attempts to give a brief of discovering intrinsic 2D spintronics from theoretical aspect, and in particular, we emphasize roles played by calculation based on first-principles methods in designing 2D FM materials and devices. The current challenges and proposals on future developments of 2D spintronics are also discussed.

Abstract Preoperative staging of suspicious axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) allows patients to be triaged to ALN dissection or to sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and cytology of ALN is moderately sensitive but its clinical utility relies heavily on the cytologist’s experience. We proposed that the 5-h automated GeneXpert system-based prototype breast cancer detection assay (BCDA) that quantitatively measures DNA methylation in ten tumor-specific gene markers could provide a facile, accurate test for detecting cancer in FNA of enlarged lymph nodes. We validated the assay in ALN-FNA samples from a prospective study of patients (N = 230) undergoing SLNB. In a blinded analysis of 218 evaluable LN-FNAs from 108 malignant and 110 benign LNs by histology, BCDA displayed a sensitivity of 90.7% and specificity of 99.1%, achieving an area under the ROC curve, AUC of 0.958 (95% CI: 0.928–0.989; P

An optimized transport of anions and cations is essential for the development of practical alkali metal batteries. Here, the authors report the use of Ti0.87O2 nanosheets as coating material of polypropylene separators for Li-S, Li-Se and Na-Se cells.

Beyond-Li+-ion batteries are promising energy storage systems but suffer from lack of suitable electrode materials. Here the authors report a new type of zero-strain cathodes for Na+, K+, Zn2+, and Al3+ ion batteries through strain engineering of a 2D multilayered VOPO4-graphene heterostructure.

The electronic and magnetic properties of graphene/MoS2 heterostructures intercalated with 3d transition metal (TM) atoms at different concentrations have been systematically investigated by first principles calculations. The results showed that all the studied systems are thermodynamically stable with large binding energies of about 3.72 eV–6.86 eV. Interestingly, all the TM-intercalated graphene/MoS2 heterostructures are ferromagnetic and their total magnetic moments increase with TM concentration. Furthermore, TM concentration-dependent spin polarization is obtained for the graphene layer and MoS2 layer due to the charge transfer between TM atoms and the layers. A significant band gap is opened for graphene in these TM-intercalated graphene/MoS2 heterostructures (around 0.094 eV–0.37 eV). With the TM concentration increasing, the band gap of graphene is reduced due to the enhanced spin polarization of graphene. Our study suggests a research direction for the manipulation of the properties of 2D materials through control of the intercalation concentration of TM atoms.

Toxic plants have been a major threat to public health in China. However, identification and tracing of poisoned species with traditional methods are unreliable due to the destruction of plant morphology by cooking and chewing. DNA barcoding is independent of environmental factors and morphological limitations, making it a powerful tool to accurately identify species. In our study, a total of 83 materials from 26 genera and 31 species of 13 families were collected and 13 plant materials were subjected to simulated gastric fluid digestion. Four markers (rbcL, trnH-psbA, matK, and ITS) were amplified and sequenced for all untreated and mock-digested samples. The effectiveness of DNA barcoding for the identification of toxic plants was assessed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) method, PWG-Distance method, and Tree-Building (NJ) method. Except for the matK region, the amplification success rate of the remaining three regions was high, but the sequencing of trnH-psbA and ITS was less satisfactory. Meanwhile, matK was prone to be more difficult to amplify and sequence because of simulated gastric fluid. Among the three methods applied, BLAST method showed lower recognition rates, while PWG-Distance and Tree-Building methods showed little difference in recognition rates. Overall, ITS had the highest recognition rate among individual loci. Among the combined loci, rbcL + ITS had the highest species recognition rate. However, the ITS region may not be suitable for DNA analysis of gastric contents and the combination of loci does not significantly improve species resolution. In addition, identification of species to the genus level is sufficient to aid in the clinical management of most poisoning events. Considering primer versatility, DNA sequence quality, species identification ability, experimental cost and speed of analysis, we recommend rbcL as the best single marker for clinical identification and also suggest the BLAST method for analysis. Our current results suggest that DNA barcoding can rapidly identify and trace toxic species and has great potential for clinical applications. In addition, we suggest the creation of a proprietary database containing morphological, toxicological and molecular information to better apply DNA barcoding technology in clinical diagnostics.

Purpose: Kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) has a poor prognosis, high morbidity and mortality rates, and high invasion and metastasis rate, and effective therapeutic targets are lacking. zDHHC3 has been implicated in various cancers, but its specific role in KIRC remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we performed a pan-cancer analysis, bioinformatics analysis, and cell experiment to detect the role of zDHHC3 in KIRC. Results: zDHHC3 was significantly down-regulated in KIRC, and that its high expression was associated with favorable patient outcomes. We identified 202 hub genes that were most relevant to high zDHHC3 expression and KIRC, and found that they were involved mainly in ion transport and renal cell carcinoma. Among these hub genes, SLC9A2 was identified as a downstream gene of zDHHC3. zDHHC3 suppression led to decreased expression and S-palmitoylation of SLC9A2, which further inhibited the apoptosis of Caki-2 cells. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that zDHHC3 plays an important role in KIRC, due partly to its regulation of SLC9A2 S-palmitoylation. The targeting of the zDHHC3–SLC9A2 axis may provide a new option for the clinical treatment of KIRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment with OTC (Open-top Chamber) was conducted to study the influence of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature on potato yields and quality, particularly the collaborative influence of these two factors on the accumulation of aboveground biomass (leaves, petiole, and stem), and underground biomass (root and tuber) in potato, and the influence on potato characteristics. The results showed that the accumulation of dry weight of potato stem and aboveground biomass under the combined treatment of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature (warming) was significantly higher than that of the control group by 35.8%-53.4% and significantly higher than that of the warming treatment group by 24.4%34.4%. In terms of potato stem and aboveground biomass in the combined treatment group, the occurrence time of peak accumulation was postponed, but the accumulation velocity was increased; the interval days of fast biomass accumulation was prolonged than the warming treatment group and the control group. In this combined treatment experiments, the fresh weight accumulation of potato tuber was lower than the warming treatment group by 5% during the middle stage of tuber formation. But the fresh weight accumulation in the combined treatment was higher than the warming treatment group and the control group during the rest stages of tuber formation: the tuber fresh weight in the mature stage was higher than the warming treatment group and control group by 24.1%, and 3.4%, respectively. In terms of tuber fresh weight in the combined treatment group, the occurrence time of peak accumulation was postponed; the interval days of fast accumulation was prolonged compare to the warming treatment, but close to the control group.

In order to solve the problem that the position synchronous performance of dual permanent magnet synchronous motor servo system is easily affected by parameter perturbation and load disturbance, an anti-disturbance integrated position synchronous control strategy of dual permanent magnet synchronous motor system is proposed. Firstly, the integral mathematical model of a dual permanent magnet synchronous motor system is established. After that, the third-order linear extended state observer is constructed to observe and compensate for disturbance in order to improve the anti-disturbance performance of the position loop. At the same time, a cross-coupled position synchronous compensator is added to improve the synchronous performance of the system, and through the Bode diagram analysis method in the frequency domain, the system stability and anti-disturbance performance are researched. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by experimental research.

In this paper, the characteristics of the voltage transfer ratio (VTR) and low-order harmonics of the major modern space vector overmodulation strategies for two-level PWM converters are discussed under different VTRs, and the complexity of the modulation algorithm is subsequently elaborated. First, the principles of these overmodulation strategies are summarized. After that, the accuracy and linearization of the VTR are obtained using the Fourier transform analysis, and the relationship between the main low harmonic components and the VTR is obtained in the same way. All the analysis results are verified through experiments. In addition, the merits and demerits of these overmodulation strategies and applications are revealed by comparing the simplicity of their modulation algorithm, digitization, and other characteristics. Finally, this paper reveals the essence of space vector overmodulation strategies. The results facilitate the design, performance prediction, and development of high-performance overmodulation strategies, as well as the transplantation of space vector overmodulation strategies into different converter topologies.

The geometrical structure, electronic and magnetic properties of B-endoped C60 (B@C60) ligand sandwich clusters, TM&(B@C60)2 (TM = V, Cr), and their one-dimensional (1D) infinite molecular wires, [TM&(B@C60)]∞, have been systematically studied using first-principles calculations. The calculations showed that the TM atoms can bond strongly to the pentagonal (η5-coordinated) or hexagonal rings (η6-coordinated) of the endoped C60 ligands, with binding energies ranging from 1.90 to 3.81 eV. Compared to the configurations with contrast-bonding characters, the η6- and η5-coordinated bonding is energetically more favorable for V-(B@C60) and Cr-(B@C60) complexes, respectively. Interestingly, 1D infinite molecular wire [V&(B@C60)-η6]∞ is an antiferromagnetic half-metal, and 1D [Cr&(B@C60)-η5]∞ molecular wire is a ferromagnetic metal. The tunable electronic and magnetic properties of 1D [TM&(B@C60)]∞ SMWs are found under compressive and tensile stains. These findings provide additional possibilities for the application of C60-based sandwich compounds in electronic and spintronic devices.