Search

The combination of π-conjugated groups [NO3] and Cl-centered polyhedra generates a new birefringent crystal with a perovskite-related framework, KRb2(NO3)2Cl, which is the first alkali metal nitrate chloride synthesized by a mild hydrothermal method. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group pbam (no. 55). In addition, KRb2(NO3)2Cl crystals with dimensions up to 7 × 1.5 × 1 mm3 were grown. Notably, KRb2(NO3)2Cl has a short UV cut-off edge (below 228 nm) and a significantly enhanced birefringence (Δn = 0.084 at 1064 nm). Theoretical calculations indicate that the birefringence enhancement mainly derives from π-conjugated [NO3] plane triangles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The fluorescence model has a ratiometric fluorescence signal to improve accuracy. • The product DAP has a yellow color can be directly observed by the naked eye. • This dual-model immunoassay shows high sensitivity and selectivity for AFB1 detection. In this work, a dual-model immunoassay for detecting Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed based on 2,3-diaminophenazine (DAP) and carbon dots (CDs). Under the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the o -phthalylenediamine (OPD) was oxidized to DAP which had a yellow color and intense fluorescence. The color changes form colorless to yellow was used to design absorbance model immunoassay. Meanwhile, the absorption spectrum of DAP overlapped with the emission spectrum of CDs which caused the fluorescence of CDs to be quenched. The fluorescence changes of DAP and CDs were used to develop ratiometric fluorescence immunoassay. The dual-model immunoassay showed excellent sensitivity with the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.013 ng/mL for fluorescence mode and 0.062 ng/mL for absorbance mode. Meanwhile, both models exhibited great selectivity for AFB1. Additionally, the recovery rates suggested the proposed dual-model immunoassay had great potential in actual samples detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A fluorescence immunoassay with functionalized gold nanoparticles was developed. • The fluorescence reaction between dopamine and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene was used for signal output. • The fluorescence signal output was very fast and can be monitored in 4 min. • The proposed immunoassay was specific and sensitive for detection of OTA. In this work, a fluorescence immunoassay based on horseradish peroxidase-labeled IgG (HRP-IgG)-modified gold nanoparticle (AuNP@HRP-IgG) probe was established for detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). Through the catalysis of HRP, the dopamine (DA) and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHA) can rapidly generate azamonardine fluorescence compound (AFC) with intense yellow fluorescence. Large amounts of AFC can be formed within 4 min, which led to fluorescence enhancement at 545 nm. This new method displayed high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.18 ng/mL and a linear range of 0.78–200 ng/mL for OTA. Meanwhile, the recoveries of OTA in corn samples were 101.41% − 113.45%. Due to the universality of the probe and the rapidity of signal output, the fluorescence immunoassay allowed rapid and sensitive detection of targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been recently shown as a rapidly developing new technique for non-invasive ablation of local tumors whose therapeutic efficiency can be significantly improved by changing the tissue acoustic environment (AET). Currently, the method of changing AET is mainly to introduce a medium with high acoustic impedance, but there are some disadvantages such as low retention of the introduced medium in the target area and a short residence time during the process. In our strategy, anaerobic bacterium Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) which can colonize selectively in hypoxic regions of the animal body was successfully localized and shown to proliferate in the hypoxic zone of tumor tissue, overcoming the above disadvantages. This study aimed to explore the effects of Bifidobacteria on AET (including the structure and acoustic properties of tumor tissues) and HIFU ablation at different time. The results show that the injection of Bifidobacteria increased the collagen fibre number, elastic modulus and sound velocity and decreased neovascularization in tumor tissues. The number of collagen fibres and neovascularization decreased significantly over time. Under the same HIFU irradiation intensity, the B. longum injection increased the coagulative necrosis volume and decreased the energy efficiency factor (EEF). This study confirmed that Bifidobacteria can change the AET and increase the deposition of ultrasonic energy and thereby the efficiency of HIFU. In addition, the time that Bifidobacteria stay in the tumor area after injection is an important factor. This research provides a novel approach for synergistic biologically targeted HIFU therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypoxic region microenvironment reduces the susceptibility of the cancer cells to radiotherapy and anticancer drugs of the solid tumors. However, the reduced oxygen surroundings provide an appreciable habitat for anaerobic bacteria to colonize and proliferate. Herein, we present a biocompatible bacteriabased system that can deliver poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) nanoparticles(PLGA NPs) specifically targeting into solid tumor to achieve precision imaging and treatment. In our strategy, anaerobic bacterium Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) that colonizes selectively in hypoxic regions of animal body was successfully used as a vehicle to conjugate with PLGA NPs and transported into solid tumors. To improve the efficacy and specificity of tumor therapy, low-boiling point perfluorohexane (PFH) liquid was wrapped in the core of PLGA NPs (PFH/PLGA NPs), which could increase the deposition of energy by affecting the acoustic environment of the tumor and destroy cells after liquid-gas phase transition during High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) irradiation. This strategy shows an effective diagnosis and treatment integration for giving stronger imaging, longer retention period and more effective tumor therapy. • Bifidobacterium was conjugated with nanoparticles by carbodiimide method, and the biological activity of Bifidobacterium was not affected. • In vitro experiments demonstrated high efficient and stable binding efficiencies. • In vivo tumor targeting showed stronger fluorescence signal and longer retention time, achieving precision imaging. • In vivo precision targeted treatment showed more therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new silicate fluoride, Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2, has been successfully synthesized using a high-temperature solution method. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn (No. 60). Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2 is the first lead-containing alkali earth metal silicate fluoride. The optical characterization indicates that Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2 possesses a wide transparent window. To confirm the coordination environment of Si and its thermostability, infrared spectra and thermal behaviors were also analyzed. First-principles calculations were also implemented for a better understanding of the relationship between the structure of Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2 and its properties. Additionally, to further explore the structural novelty of Mg2Pb2Si2O7F2, its structure is compared with anionic structures of silicate fluorides with alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or lone pair metal cations. Interestingly, the results indicate that the isolated [Si2O7] dimer is rare among the above systems, which enriches the structural chemistry of silicate fluorides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reports the use of monolayer colloidal crystal of polystyrene spheres as a template combined with electroless deposition to fabricate Ag through-sphere segment void (SSV) arrays. Experimental and theoretical (finite-difference time-domain) results reveal that the structured Ag through-SSV arrays create extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) and largely enhanced localized fields, thereby enabling EOT-based plasmonic sensing with a sensitivity of 295.38 nm/RIU (RIU = refractive index unit) and reproducible enhanced Raman signal with an enhancement factor of about 10 4 , respectively. These results suggest a low cost, feasible way to integrate plasmonic sensing and molecule-specified Raman detection on a single biochip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION Do prepregnancy peripheral leukocytes (PPLs) and their subsets influence the risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? SUMMARY ANSWER PPLs and their subsets are associated with the risk of SAB. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Compelling studies have revealed the crucial role of maternal peripheral leukocytes in embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. Adaptive changes are made by PPLs and their subsets after conception. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This population-based retrospective cohort study was based on data from the National Free Pre-pregnancy Check-up Project (NFPCP) in mainland China. Couples preparing for pregnancy within the next six months were provided with free prepregnancy health examinations and counseling services for reproductive health. The current study was based on 1 310 494 female NFPCP participants aged 20–49 who became pregnant in 2016. After sequentially excluding 235 456 participants lost to follow-up, with multiple births, and who failed to complete blood tests, a total of 1 075 038 participants were included in the primary analysis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS PPLs and their subset counts and ratios were measured. The main outcome was SAB. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI of SAB associated with PPLs and their subsets, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to estimate the nonlinear exposure-response relationship. MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCE Of the included pregnant participants, a total of 35 529 SAB events (3.30%) were recorded. Compared to participants with reference values of PPLs, the ORs (95% CIs) of leukopenia and leukocytosis for SAB were 1.14 (1.09–1.20) and 0.74 (0.69–0.79), respectively. The RCS result revealed a monotonous decreasing trend (P nonlinear < 0.05). Similar relationships were observed for the neutrophil count and ratio, monocyte count, and middle-sized cell count and ratio. The lymphocyte ratio showed a positive and nonlinear relationship with the risk of SAB (P nonlinear < 0.05). Both eosinophils and basophils showed positive relationships with the risk of SAB (eosinophil P nonlinear > 0.05 and basophil P nonlinear < 0.05). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Chemical abortion events and the cause of SAB were not collected at follow-up. Whether women with abnormal PPLs had recovered during periconception was not determined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS PPLs and their subsets are associated with the risk of SAB. Leukopenia and neutropenia screening in women preparing for pregnancy and developing a feasible PPL stimulation approach should be emphasized to utilize the immune window of opportunity to prevent SAB. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was approved by the Institutional Research Review Board of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grants 2021YFC2700705 [Y.Y.] and 2016YFC100307 [X.M.]) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 82003472 [L.W.]). The funding source was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, writing the report, or the decision to submit this article for publication. No competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The CPNs(Ⅳ) was stable and the preparation of the CPNs(Ⅳ) was simple. • The newly proposed method exhibited high sensitivity and wide detection range. • The analysis results had good reliability for detecting OTA in actual samples. • The mutual verification between fluorescence and color mode guaranteed the accuracy of this new method. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widely distributed mycotoxin that seriously endangers food safety and human health. Therefore, establishing a sensitive and simple method for detecting OTA is crucial to ensure food safety. A fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode immunoassay was established using cerium-based nanoparticles CPNs(Ⅳ) for detection of OTA. CPNs(IV) with good oxidase activity can catalyze the oxidation of colorless 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce visible blue color signal. Under the catalysis of ALP, the ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) was hydrolyzed to form ascorbic acid (AA), which reduced CPNs(Ⅳ) to CPNs(III). The produced CPNs(III) can emit significant fluorescence signal. Because the concentration of OTA was inversely proportional to the concentration of IgG-ALP in the microplate, the fluorescence signal was gradually decreased and the blue color signal gradually increased with the addition of OTA. The limits of detection (LODs) of this dual-mode immunoassay were 0.404 ng/mL (for fluorescent mode) and 0.962 ng/mL (for colorimetric mode). The recoveries of OTA were 97.60 %–103.55 % for the fluorescence mode and 99.12 %–102.60 % for the colorimetric mode in corn samples. These results indicated the dual-mode immunoassay was sensitive and reliable for detection of OTA in actual samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the development of energy and mineral resources strongly supports China's rapid industrialization and urbanization, it has led to a series of ecological and environmental problems. Strengthening the spatial regulation considering the ecological and environmental protection on energy and mineral resource development areas is an important aspect of realizing China's sustainable development. In this study, we mapped, categorized, and analyzed the ecological cumulative effects of the Chinese 134 prefectural mining units based on the pressure-state-response model, which is demonstrated as impact of mining activities on ecological environment, ecological environmental fragility, and ecological function. This investigation developed a stress zoning typology of the mining units based on scores of three dimensions of the ecological cumulative effects and classified 134 prefectural mining units into eight types of stress zones. A series of regulation and policy suggestions have been proposed to different types of zones from three aspects: space control, intensity control, and development mode control. The application of this evaluation and spatial zoning system will contribute to the refined spatial management of China's mining areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comprehensively assess the association of husband smoking with wives' thyrotropin abnormality. This population-based retrospective cohort study included 2 406 090 Chinese reproductive-aged women who had participated twice in the National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkups Project between 2010 and 2020. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for subnormal and supranormal thyrotropin were estimated according to the husband's smoking status. Husband smoking at the first visit was associated with a 17% (15%–20%) and 26% (24%–28%) increased odds of subnormal thyrotropin and supranormal thyrotropin respectively compared to participants in neither-smoker group. In non-smoking participants with normal thyrotropin levels at the first visit, the corresponding increased risk of subnormal thyrotropin and supranormal thyrotropin at the second visit were 15% (12%–18%) and 19% (16%–21%) in contrast to participants without husband-smoking exposure. In non-smoking participants with abnormal thyrotropin levels at their first visit, husband smoking cessation was associated with 27% (17%–35%) and 36% (31%–40%) reduced odds of subnormal thyrotropin and supranormal thyrotropin at the second visit compared with the participants whose husband still smoking at the second visit. Husband smoking was associated with wives' subnormal thyrotropin and supranormal thyrotropin, and cessation of husband smoking could reduce the odds of thyrotropin abnormality. Couple-focused smoking intervention should be developed to reduce the burden of asymptomatic thyroid disease in females. • 1. Husband smoking was associated with both supranormal thyrotropin and subnormal thyrotropin. • 2. Husband smoking cessation decrease the odds of thyrotropin abnormality. • 3. We call couple-focused smoking cessation to reduce subclinical thyroid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual-readout colorimetric immunoassay was established to detect AFB1. • An indophenol color reaction with a mild condition was employed as color signal. • AFB1 was detected semi-quantitatively by naked eye and quantitatively by smartphone. • The novel immunoassay was simple and economical which was easy to recreate. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins. In view of the great harm of AFB1, it has attracted much attention to explore a super-sensitive and low-cost rapid detection method for aflatoxin B1. Herein, a dual-readout colorimetric immunoassay was established for the detection of AFB1. Under the catalysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), phenyl phosphate (PP) can produce phenol by dephosphorylation. Then phenol can react with 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide (DBQC) under alkaline conditions to produce blue halogenated indophenol (HIP). Through this reaction, the color of the solution became blue, which can be observed by the naked eye. In addition, this color signal can be converted into digital signal via smartphone, enabling quantitative detection of AFB1. Under the optimal condition, the detection limit of this colorimetric immunoassay was 0.70 ng/mL by naked eye and 0.013 ng/mL by smartphone. The application results showed that the proposed daul-readout colorimetric immunoassay was feasible and real-time for AFB1 detection in actual samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study on the form partitioning and content of heavy metals in soil particles with different sizes is crucial for preventing and controlling heavy metals pollution, but few studies regard soil contaminated by heavy metals as a homogeneous body. In this study (Fig. 1), goat manure, lime and phosphate were used to stabilize exogenous lead (Pb). These soil passivators' differential effects on total Pb and Pb with different chemical forms in soil particles of different sizes as well as Pb immobilization in soil were investigated. By passivation experiment in laboratory for 45 days, the passivation effect of the single and combined application treatments on exogenous Pb and partitioning characteristics were analyzed and compared. The characterization method of fine sand microstructure and mineral composition analysis was used. The results showed that the single application of P5 and combined application of LP5 had optimum passivation efficiency. The content of DTPA-Pb was reduced with P5 by 65.27% and the percentage of available Pb decreased significantly in soil particles of the four sizes. The content of TCLP-Pb and available Pb (weak acid extraction and reducible Pb) significantly decreased by 71.60 and 25.12% respectively after the application of LP5 in the original soil. Furthermore, most of the total Pb was enriched in coarse sand and clay, while its content was lower in fine sand and silt. The combined application treatment of GL5 significantly increased the content of weak acid extractable and reducible Pb in fine sand, silty sand and clay. Through SEM and XRD analysis, it was found that the diffraction peak of P5 treatment groups might be related to the formation of insoluble Pb that contained compounds, which were mainly mineral components, including quartz, feldspar and mica, and LP showed a big potential in the study on passivation of heavy metal Pb-contaminated soil in the natural environment. In conclusion, further studies on the different dosage and metal-contamination levels as well as different combination forms of passivators should be considered under natural conditions, the selection of suitable passivators according to soil texture is of great significance for remediation of Pb-contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A turn-on fluorescence immunoassay triggered by alkaline phosphatase was established. • The AuNCs was simple to prepare and had good stability. • The turn-on fluorescence can reduce false positive and improve sensitivity. • The proposed immunoassay had higher sensitivity for detection of OTA. Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a highly toxic mycotoxin which can cause a variety of diseases. Sensitive detection of OTA is significant for food safety. Herein, a feasible and sensitive immunoassay was established for OTA detection by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) triggered gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) turn-on fluorescence. The fluorescence of the AuNCs can be quenched by Cr6+ induced aggregation of AuNCs and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between AuNCs and Cr6+. Under the catalytic action of ALP-labelled IgG (IgG-ALP), the ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P) was hydrolyzed to ascorbic acid (AA) for the reducing of Cr6+ to Cr3+. As a result, the degrees of AuNCs aggregation and FRET were weakened and the fluorescence of AuNCs was turned on. The amount of OTA in the sample was negatively correlated with the amount of IgG-ALP captured by anti-OTA monoclonal antibody (McAb) in the microplate. In optimal conditions, the turn-on fluorescence immunoassay had a good linear range of 6.25–100 ng/mL, and the detection limit was 0.693 ng/mL. The recoveries of OTA from corn were 95.89%-101.08% for the fluorescence immunoassay. This work provided a feasible, sensitive and good selectivity fluorescence method for OTA detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a dual-mode immunoassay to detect Ochratoxin A (OTA) was developed relied on p -nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) and 2-aminoterephthalic acid (PTA-NH 2). This proposed immunoassay based on microplate immunoenzyme technique used alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a label for forming immune complexes. The ALP was used to catalyze the dephosphorization of PNPP to generate yellow p -nitrophenol (PNP). Since the absorption wavelength of PNP overlapped with the fluorescence emission of PTA-NH 2 , the fluorescence of PTA-NH 2 can be quenched by PNP. The color of PNP and the fluorescence of PTA-NH 2 were used as double signals to detect OTA. In this dual-mode immunoassay, the limit of detection (LOD) and the linear detection range of fluorescence mode were 0.57 ng/mL (about 0.57 μg/kg) and 1.56–50.00 ng/mL (about 1.56–50.00 μg/kg), respectively. For absorbance mode, the LOD and linear range were 0.07 ng/mL (about 0.07 μg/kg) and 0.39–25.00 ng/mL (about 0.39–25.00 μg/kg), respectively. Both detection modes showed good selectivity for OTA. The recoveries rates of fluorescence mode and absorption mode in maize flours were 91.80–128.85% and 100.10–114.00%, respectively. • The dual-mode immunoassay was developed based on PNPP and PTA-NH 2. • This assay based on microplate immunoenzyme technique used ALP as a label for forming immune complexes. • The mutual verification of the two modes improved the accuracy of analysis method. • The dual-mode immunoassay had a wide linear range and low LOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• GHz acoustic resonator based microfluidic sonoelectrochemical platform was developed. • Flexibly and accurately controlling the fluid flow in microfluidic channel was achieved. • On-chip sonoelectrochemical deposition of nanoparticles and sensing of H 2 O 2 was improved. • Tracking intracellular H 2 O 2 release to identify the cancer cells from normal cells was evaluated. Developing effective strategies for the flexible control of fluid is vital for microfluidic electrochemical biosensing. In this study, a gigahertz (GHz) acoustic streaming (AS) based sonoelectrochemical system was developed to realize an on-chip surface modification and sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) detection from living cells. The flexible and controlled fluid surrounding the electrochemical chip was optimized theoretically and applied in the sonoelectrochemical deposition of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) first. Under the steady and fast flow stimulus of AS, AuNPs could be synthesized with a smaller and evener size distribution than the normal condition, allowing AuNPs to show an excellent peroxidase-like activity. Moreover, the AS also accelerated the mass transport of target molecules and improved the catalytic rate, leading to the enhancement of H 2 O 2 detection, with an extremely low detection limit of 32 nM and a high sensitivity of 4.34 μA/ (mM·mm2). Finally, this system was successfully applied in tracking H 2 O 2 release from different cell lines to distinguish the cancer cells from normal cells. This study innovatively integrated the surface modification and molecules detection process on a chip, and also proposed a simple but sensitive platform for microfluidic biosensing application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, have posed a serious threat to human health in recent decades. Family-centered health promotion and disease control for the management of hypertension is gaining attention. In this study, we assessed the association between spousal educational attainment (SEA) and hypertension prevalence, awareness, and control, intending to provide new directions for family health care. A total of 71 211 191 reproductive-aged participants from the National Free NFPCP during 2013–2019 were included in the current study. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) via propensity models were used to adjust for the imbalance by SEA. Both multivariable-adjusted ORs and inverse-probability-weighted ORs were used to assess the association between SEA and the prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. ORs of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension with SEA stratified by sex, age, and residency type were also reported. Compared with participants with SEA of compulsory education, the inverse-probability-weighted ORs for hypertension were 0.97 (0.96–0.97), 0.99 (0.98–1.00), and 0.91 (0.88–0.93) for participants with SEA of senior high, college, and postgraduate, respectively. The corresponding ORs for hypertension awareness were 1.12 (1.10–1.13), 1.15 (1.13–1.16), and 1.38 (1.34–1.41). The increment of hypertension control associated with SEA was only identified in urban areas. Modification analyses revealed that urban participants were observed to have more healthy benefits associated with SEA; additional decreased prevalent hypertension and increased hypertension awareness associated with SEA were observed in wives and husbands respectively. Thus, SEA was associated with decreased prevalent hypertension and increased awareness and control of hypertension. Our findings call for increased participation of spouses in family-centered healthcare, with consideration of modified effects by gender, age, and residency type, to improve chronic disease prevention and control including hypertension. • Educated spouse improves prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. • Educated husband reduces more wife's hypertension prevalence. • Husband has more increased hypertension awareness associated with educated wife. • Urban people have more health benefits associated with higher spousal education. • We call for increased participation of spouses to prevent and control hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive thermal ablation technique for the treatment of benign and malignant solid masses. To improve the efficacy of HIFU ablation, we developed poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating perfluoropentane (PFP) and hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as synergistic agents (HMME+PFP/PLGA). Two-step biotin-avidin pre-targeting technique was applied for the HIFU ablation. We further modified the nanoparticles with streptavidin (HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA). HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA were highly dispersed with spherical morphology (477.8 ± 81.8 nm in diameter). The encapsulation efficiency of HMME and PFP were 46.6 ± 3.3% and 40.1 ± 2.6%, respectively. The binding efficiency of nanoparticles to streptavidin was 95.5 ± 2.5%. The targeting ability of the HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA nanoparticles was tested by parallel plate flow chamber in vitro. In the pre-targeting group (HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA), a large number of nanoparticles bound to the peripheral and surface of the cell. In the HIFU ablation experiment in vivo, compared with the other groups, the largest gray-scale changes and coagulation necrosis areas were observed in the pre-targeting (HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA) group, with the lowest energy efficiency factor value. Moreover, the microvessel density and proliferation index declined, while the apoptotic index increased, in the tumor tissue surrounding the coagulation necrosis area in the pre-targeting group. Meanwhile, the survival time of the tumor-bearing nude mice in the pre-targeting group was significantly longer than that in the HIFU treatment group. These results suggest that HMME+PFP/PLGA-SA have high potential to act as synergistic agents in HIFU ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]