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The serious deterioration of the energy density of polymer energy storage dielectrics in high temperature environment is the main reason to curb the in‐depth application of dielectric film capacitors in the field of modern electrical and electronic engineering. Here, aiming at the problem of low dielectric constant of polymer dielectric, a simple, low‐cost method is proposed to grow inorganic polar functional layer on surface of polymer film in situ, which effectively improves the polarization characteristics of polymer dielectric at high temperature. The in situ growth of Ti(OH)4 inorganic polar functional layer on surface of polyetherimide (PEI) film noteworthy to improve the energy storage performance of dielectric film. The energy storage density of 4.59 J/cm2 is obtained at 150°C and 600 MV/m, which is 1.18 times that of PEI film under the same condition. The significant enhancement of high temperature energy storage density can be attributed to introduction of functional layer, which effectively improves the dielectric properties and polarization intensity of dielectric film. Furthermore, the facile preparation method provided in this paper can be applied to various thin films under the premise of controllable cost, which is of great significance to improve the high temperature energy storage characteristics of polymer dielectric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) usually occurs during the chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, the risk factors of CKD in an HBV population have not been completely demonstrated. Our present study aimed to investigate the risk factors of CKD in chronic HBV infection using a hospital based cross-sectional study in the northern area of China., Methods: During January 2013 to December 2017, a total of 94 patients with CKD complicated by chronic HBV infection were consecutively enrolled in the study, as well as 548 age- and sex-matched hepatitis B patients without CKD who were enrolled as controls. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the effects of each variable after adjusting for cofounding factors., Results: Multivariate analysis showed that HBeAg-positive status (odds ratio [OR]=2.099, 95% CI 1.128-3.907), dyslipidemia (OR: 3.025, 95% CI 1.747-5.239), and hypertension (OR: 12.523, 95% CI 6.283-24.958) were independently associated with the incidence of CKD, while duration of HBV infection (≥240 months) (OR: 0.401, 95% CI 0.179-0.894), Log 10 HBsAg (OR: 0.514, 95% CI 0.336-0.786), and coronary heart disease (OR: 0.078, 95% CI 0.008-0.768) were protective factors for the incidence of CKD. Duration of HBV infection, Log 10 HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia remained the risk factors for CKD after adjusting for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease., Conclusions: Duration of HBV infection, Log 10 HBsAg, HBeAg-positive status and dyslipidemia contributed to the incidence of CKD during chronic HBV infection in a Chinese population., Competing Interests: YCF has been an associate editor of Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology since 2013.The other authors have no conflicts of interest related to this publication., (© 2022 Authors.)

Background: In this study, we use association rules to explore the latent rules and patterns of prescribing and adjusting the ingredients of herbal decoctions based on empirical herbal formula of Chinese Medicine (CM)., Materials and Methods: The consideration and development of CM prescriptions based on the knowledge of CM doctors are analyzed. The study contained three stages. The first stage is to identify the chief symptoms to a specific empirical herbal formula, which can serve as the key indication for herb addition and cancellation. The second stage is to conduct a case study on the empirical CM herbal formula for insomnia. Doctors will add extra ingredients or cancel some of them by CM syndrome diagnosis. The last stage of the study is to divide the observed cases into the effective group and ineffective group based on the assessed clinical effect by doctors. The patterns during the diagnosis and treatment are selected by the applied algorithm and the relations between clinical symptoms or indications and herb choosing principles will be selected by the association rules algorithm., Results: Totally 40 patients were observed in this study: 28 patients were considered effective after treatment and the remaining 12 were ineffective. 206 patterns related to clinical indications of Chinese Medicine were checked and screened with each observed case. In the analysis of the effective group, we used the algorithm of association rules to select combinations between 28 herbal adjustment strategies of the empirical herbal formula and the 190 patterns of individual clinical manifestations. During this stage, 11 common patterns were eliminated and 5 major symptoms for insomnia remained. 12 association rules were identified which included 5 herbal adjustment strategies., Conclusion: The association rules method is an effective algorithm to explore the latent relations between clinical indications and herbal adjustment strategies for the study on empirical herbal formulas.