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[Objective] This study aimed to explore the mechanism of action between Amomum villosum polysaccharide (AVP) and wheat starch and reveal the dose-effect relationship of AVP on the quality of wheat starch. [Methods] an AVP-wheat starch compound system with different concentrations of AVP was prepared. The effects of different concentrations of AVP on the gelatinization characteristics, rheological properties, thermodynamic properties, crystal structure and digestion characteristics of wheat starch were studied. [Results] The AVP could increase the viscosity and gelatinization temperature of the wheat starch compound system, reduce the leaching of amylose during gelatinization and the damage degree of the crystalline region during wheat starch gelatinization, and delay the gelatinization process. When the concentration of AVP was 1.00%, the disintegration value of the compound system was 299 mPa·s, the retrogradation value was 532 mPa·s, and the gelatinization enthalpy was 666.29 J/g, indicating that the anti-aging effect and the stability were the best. Fourier infrared spectrum analysis showed that there was a hydrogen bond interaction between AVP and wheat, and the bond was the strongest when the mass concentration of AVP was 1.00%. The results of in vitro simulated digestion showed that AVP could inhibit the digestion of wheat starch. [Conclusion] Adding AVP can effectively improve the thermal stability of wheat starch and reduce the digestibility of wheat starch.

In recent years, real-time global ionospheric map (RT-GIM) products have been actively developed by the international global navigation satellite system (GNSS) service (IGS) and its ionosphere associate analysis centers (IAACs) along with the increase of RT-GNSS multi-frequency and multi-constellation observations. In this study, the accuracy and consistency of three RT-GIM products from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan University (WHU), and IGS are evaluated and analyzed utilizing three validation methods, namely, comparison with JASON-3 vertical total electron content (VTEC), the difference of slant total electron content (dSTEC), and IGS combined final GIM (IGSG) data. The test period was from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2022, including the different solar activities. First, the comparison with JASON-3 data illustrates that the quality of the three RT-GIM products over oceans is in great consistency with that of the IGSG during different levels of solar activity and the daily mean bias (MEAN) values in low and high solar activities are approximately 5 and 10 TECU, respectively. The root mean square (RMS) values under low and high solar activities can be up to 7 and 12 TECU. Furthermore, the dSTEC validation results present that the MEAN values of RT-GIM products from different IAACs at high- and mid-latitude stations are about 0.5 TECU, which is smaller than those at low-latitude stations at about 1 TECU over continental regions. The standard deviation (STD) and RMS values for various RT-GIM products are within 3 and 4 TECU at low latitudes, respectively. In terms of the comparison with IGSG, the result shows that IGS combined RT-GIM (IRTG) presents better consistency than CAS RT-GIM (CRTG) and WHU RT-GIM (WRTG) in 2021 and 2022, with average annual STD and RMS values of 2.56 and 2.78 TECU, respectively. The daily biases of the RT-GIM products relative to IGSG can reach 4 TECU in high solar activities and the daily STD and RMS values are mainly within the 5 to 6 TECU range, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine oncologic outcomes for patients with T4b sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) treated with either surgery plus radiotherapy or definitive radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Between January 1999 and December 2016, 85 patients with T4b SNSCC were analyzed retrospectively, there were 54 who received surgery plus radiotherapy (S + RT group) ± chemotherapy and 31 with definitive radiotherapy (RT group) ± chemotherapy. A 1: 2 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance clinical factors and match patients. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to determine risk factors on survival outcomes. Results: The median follow‐up time was 76.7 months. The cumulative rates of locoregional control (LRC), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) at 5 years for entire cohort were 44.6%, 33.1%, 38.8%, and 33.9% respectively. After PSM, a total of 50 patients in S + RT group and 25 patients in RT group were analyzed. The 5‐year LRC, DMFS, CSS, and OS between S + RT and RT group were 58.6% versus 27.5% (p = 0.035), 42.8% versus 20.0% (p = 0.006), 50.3% versus 22.0% (p = 0.005), 44.5% veruss 20.0% (p = 0.004). The 5‐year survival rates with orbital retention between groups were 32.7% and 15.0%, p = 0.080. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed non‐surgical therapy (HR = 3.678, 95%CI 1.951–6.933) and invasion of cranial nerves (other than maxillary division of trigeminal nerves) (HR = 2.596, 95%CI 1.217–5.535) were associated with decreased OS. Conclusion: The inclusion of surgery in the multimodal management of T4b SNSCC might confer a survival benefit. Further prospective studies comparing the oncologic outcomes of S + RT with RT are warranted. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2222–2231, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the prevalence of hypopharyngeal carcinoma (HPC) with synchronous second primary malignancies (Syn‐SPMs), their impact on clinical outcomes, and associated risk factors in the image‐enhanced endoscopy era. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 673 patients newly diagnosed with HPC at our cancer center between 2009 and 2019. The patients were divided into three groups: (a) no second primary malignancies (N‐SPMs, n = 533); (b) synchronous carcinoma in situ (Syn‐Tis, n = 60); (c) synchronous invasive tumors (Syn‐invasive, n = 80). Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the N‐SPMs and Syn‐invasive groups at a 3:1 ratio. Results: Most (96.1%) underwent pretreatment esophagogastroduodenoscopy evaluation with image‐enhanced endoscopy. The incidence rates were: Syn‐SPMs, 20.8%; Syn‐Tis, 8.9%; Syn‐invasive, 11.9%. At a median follow‐up of 66.7 months, the Syn‐Tis and N‐SPMs groups had a similar 5‐year overall survival (OS; 45.6% vs. 44.5%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.956; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.660–1.385; p = 0.806). Compared to the N‐SPMs group, the Syn‐invasive group had poorer 5‐year OS (27.0% vs. 52.9%; HR, 2.059; 95% CI, 1.494–2.839; p < 0.001). Alcohol consumption was significantly associated with Syn‐SPMs occurrence (odds ratio, 2.055, 2.414, and 3.807 for light, intermediate, and heavy drinkers, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of Syn‐SPMs among patients with HPC was high. Syn‐invasive SPMs decreased the survival of patients with HPC. Routine screening with image‐enhanced endoscopy should be recommended to detect early‐stage SPMs, especially for heavy alcohol drinkers. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 133:1906–1913, 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]