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[Objective] As an innovative way of regulating territorial space, the planning of flexible space is of great significance for improving the scientific quality and effectiveness of spatial planning, and reducing the disturbance and impact of uncertain factors. This study aimed to explore the delineation of land use layout flexible space under uncertain conditions. [Methods] The study took Xuzhou City, a typical resource-based city, as an example. First, an interval optimization model was used to obtain the flexible quantity interval of various land use types. Then, the upper and lower limits of the interval served as the quantity demand to import the PLUS model to simulate the spatial layout of various land use types, and the difference between the two simulated layouts was designated as flexible space. [Results] The results show that: (1) There are differences in the size of the flexible quantity interval of each land use type, among which land use types that contribute more to addressing future uncertainty are rural residential land, farmland, water, urban industrial and mining land, while the smaller ones are grassland and bare land. (2) The flexible space distribution of various land use types shows a certain pattern, and the flexible space of farmland is concentrated in the hotspots of land use change around urban and rural areas, the flexible space of garden plot and woodland is distributed in suitable growth areas such as river banks and low hills, and the flexible space of urban industrial and mining land and rural residential land is mainly distributed in the outer edge areas of their original scope. (3) Based on the flexible space of each land use type, the land types were merged according to the zoning function of the planning, and the conflicting parts of the flexible space were processed according to the suitability to obtain the flexible space of different spatial planning zones. Among them, the flexible space areas of agricultural production zones, ecological protection zones, urban construction zones, and rural development zones account for 1.74%, 0.20%, 1.09%, and 3.31% of the total area, respectively. [Conclusion] The probability distribution of possible conflicts in land use space is the prerequisite for the delineation of flexible space. It is necessary to delineate flexible space of land use layout from an uncertain perspective. Based on interval optimization and PLUS model, the delineation method of flexible space proposed in this study seems feasible, which can provide support for planning decisions.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the serotype and phenotype of human and non-human sourced Salmonella from 1975 to 2021 in Fujian Province retrospectively.MethodsSalmonella isolates were collected from clinical hospitals， public service employee health， circulating fresh food， and the environment from 1975 to 2021 in Fujian Province， and serotypes and variants were distinguished using WHO-recommended Salmonella serotyping methods. Two prediction software were used based on whole genome sequencing， while the same antigen but different isolates or phenotypic variants were identified using biochemical combinations and MALDI-TOF-MS flight mass spectrometry.ResultsThere were 4 693 human- and non-human-sourced Salmonella isolates that contained 21 serogroups of four subspecies （18 from patients， 9 from healthy employees， 17 from food， and 8 from the environment）. Salmonella paratyphoid A， S. typhoid， S. enteritis， S. cholerae， S. typhimurium， S. rosen， and S. stanley were dominant isolates in the 30 total extraintestinal invasive serotypes. There were 96 Salmonella serotypes other than S. typhoid， S. paratyphoid A， and S. paratyphoid B （63 from patients， 51 from healthy employees， 60 from food， and 20 from the environment）， and the top 10 clinical serotypes were S. typhimurium， S. typhoid， S. enteritis， S. derby， S. stanley， S. paratyphoid A， S. anatum， S. wetavreden， S. rosen， and S. london， while the top 10 from food were S. anatum， S. derby， S. typhimurium， S. stanley， S. wetavreden， S. newport， S. enteritis， S. tompson， S. agona， and S. london. Fourteen serotypes （including 10 diphasic serotypes and 4 monophasic serotypes） had monophasic variants. Several serotypes had phenotypic variants such as hydrogen sulfide-negative， fermenter of lactose or sucrose， colony mucus type， and chromogenic type.ConclusionSalmonella are characterized by their biodiversity and multiple sources in Fujian Province. Invasive cases are gradually dominated by non-typhoid Salmonella. Laboratories should enhance their ability to diagnose monophasic variants and phenotypic variants of Salmonella， as well as pet and environmental traceability for scattered outbreaks of infectious diseases.

ObjectiveTo establish the risk assessment method of food disinfectant with the peroxyacetic acid disinfectant for poultry slaughtering and processing as the model disinfectant.MethodsReferring to the risk assessment methods of food disinfectants from international organizations， the risk assessment method of food disinfectants suitable for China was established by considering the health effects， efficacy， and antimicrobial resistance. The safety of peroxyacetic acid disinfectant used for carcass disinfection during poultry slaughtering was assessed using the established method.ResultsUnder the setting condition， the health risk of the ingredients of the peroxyacetic acid disinfectant （peroxyacetic acid， acetic acid， hydrogen peroxide， and 1-hydroxyethylidine-1，1-diphosphonic acid） and the disinfection byproducts and reaction products after the treatment did not need priority attention. Based on the literature search results， the use of peroxyacetic acid disinfectants may not lead to decreased efficacy of fungicides and/or be associated with antimicrobial resistance.ConclusionThe risk assessment method for food disinfectants in China was established， which can be used as a methodological reference for the safety assessment of the new food disinfectant products in the future.

ObjectiveTo carry out the theoretical risk assessment for food colorants in the National food safety standard-standards for uses of food additives (GB 2760—2014) by Budget method and deterministic assessment.MethodsBudget method was applied for calculating the theoretical maximum daily intake of food colorants which had ADI values and maximum use levels. For the additives whose intakes were higher than their ADIs, simple distribution assessment was performed with food consumption data from a Chinese total diet study in 2012.ResultsThere are totally 21 food colorants have both ADI values and maximum use levels in GB 2760—2014. These 21 food colorants were included in the assessment by Budget method . The maximum theoretical daily intake of 15 food colorants exceeded their ADIs. Then, these 15 food colorants were assessed by simple distribution assessment. The result showed that the average intakes were below ADIs but the P95 intakes of 2 food colorants exceeded the ADIs in the whole population. Among consumers, the average intakes were also below ADIs, but the P95 intakes of 8 food colorants exceeded the ADIs.ConclusionThe health risks of most food colorant intakes in the national standard were at low levels. However, a few food colorants showed a requirement for further assessment with the actual concentrations in foods to confirm their health risk level.

A temperature-compensated direct current (DC) magnetic field sensor based on a whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcapillary resonator is described in which both temperature-compensation and magnetic field sensing is realized by resonant wavelength difference in two high-order modes. A simulation and experimental results verified that the temperature response of the sensor is significantly reduced using the resonant wavelength difference between two high-order optical modes. In addition, the magnetic field response of resonant wavelength difference between two high-order optical modes was characterized. The results show that the resonant wavelength difference first blue-shifted and subsequently red-shifted as the magnetic field strength increased to provide DC magnetic field sensitivities of −0.03 and 0.01 pm/Oe from 34.79 to 62.56 Oe and 62.56 to 181.012 Oe, respectively. This temperature-compensated DC magnetic field sensor is anticipated to applications for current and rotation angle detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several studies have explored the association between temperature and cognitive function. However, few studies have examined the effect of extreme temperature on cognitive function. In this study, we aimed to quantify the long‐term effect of extreme temperature (e.g., heat waves, cold spells, and hot night excess (HNE)) on cognitive performance in middle‐aged and older people in China. Method: We investigated 7915 aged >45 years people from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), surveyed in 2011 and 2015. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess cognitive function, including four dimensions: episodic memory, attention, orientation, and visuo‐construction. Hourly ambient temperature from the ERA5‐Land datasets were used to calculate variables indicating extreme temperature. We performed difference‐in‐difference (DID) models to assess the potential causal relationship between extreme temperature and cognitive function. Results: Non‐linear analyses suggested that both sustained increases in temperature and excessive variability in temperature increased the risk of cognitive decline. Meanwhile, we observed the extra risk of global cognitive function decline was 2.3% (95% Confidence interval (95% CI): 0.2%, 4.4%) for heat waves (one unit increase) and 5.9% (95% CI: 0.6%, 11.6%) for HNE (one unit increase), while the association for cold spells was insignificant. Two cognitive dimensions, episodic memory and visuo‐construction, were sensitive to these two heat‐related factors. Conclusion: Extreme temperature was inversely related to cognitive performance in middle‐aged and older adults, which was substantial for heat waves and HNE particularly. The effect size varied by cognitive dimensions. Key points: Heat waves and hot night excess were related to cognitive function decline.Episodic memory and visuo‐construction were the two cognitive dimensions sensitive to extreme temperature.The long‐term effect size of extreme temperature varied by individual characteristics.A quasi‐experimental design was utilized to explore potential causal relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) magnetic fields are monitored by an optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcapillary resonator filled with magnetostrictive material. The DC magnetic field is demodulated with the signal-to-noise ratio of an AC-modulated magnetic field at a particular frequency and a sensitivity of 2.1 dB/mT is obtained across a detection range of 0.9 mT. An AC field sensitivity of 2.08 μT/ H z at 346 kHz is obtained with the same resonator. Introducing a biased DC field of 90Gs provides a four-fold improvement in AC field sensitivity. The AC and DC fields may be used to improve the corresponding DC and AC sensing. Therefore, this scheme may play a role monitoring magnetic fields in defence, biomedical analysis, and consumer electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]