Search

BackgroundObesity and diabetes are two risk factors for cancer. To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with cancer risk in diabetic patients may improve current understanding of potential mechanisms.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 51,004 newly diagnosed T2DM patients derived from an electronic health record (EHR) database of Minhang district in Shanghai, China. Incident cancer cases and all-cause deaths occurred before September 30, 2015 were identified by linking with the Shanghai Cancer Registry and the Shanghai Vital Statistics. To examine the potential non-linear and linear relationships of BMI and cancer risk, Cox proportional hazard models with and without restricted cubic spline functions were used, respectively.ResultsA non-linear association was observed between BMI and overall cancer incidence in men younger than 60 years old (p for non-linearity = 0.009). Compared with those having BMI of 25.0 kg/m2, the cancer risk increased in those with either lower or higher BMI. In women older than 60 years old, linear dose-response relationships were observed between BMI and the risk of both overall cancer and breast cancer. As each unit increase in BMI, the overall cancer risks elevated by 3% (95%CI: 1-5%) and the breast cancer risks increased by 7% (95%CI: 1-13%). No significant association was observed between BMI and other common cancer sites.ConclusionsOur results show that the effect of BMI on cancer risk in Chinese patients with T2DM may vary by gender, age and cancer subtypes, suggesting different underlying biological mechanisms.

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an infectious viral disease caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and EHDV frequently circulates in wild and domestic ruminants. Sporadic outbreaks of EHD have caused thousands of deaths and stillbirths on cattle farms. However, not much is known about the circulating status of EHDV in Guangdong, southern China. To estimate the seroprevalence of EHDV in Guangdong province, 2886 cattle serum samples were collected from 2013 to 2017 and tested for antibodies against EHDV using a competitive ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of EHDV reached 57.87% and was highest in autumn (75.34%). A subset of positive samples were serotyped by a serum neutralization test, showing that EHDV serotypes 1 and 5–8 were circulating in Guangdong. In addition, EHDV prevalence always peaked in autumn, while eastern Guangdong had the highest EHDV seropositivity over the five-year period, displaying apparent temporal–spatial distribution of EHDV prevalence. A binary logistic model analysis indicated a significant association between cattle with BTV infections and seroprevalence of EHDV (OR = 1.70, p < 0.001). The co-infection of different serotypes of EHDV and BTV raises a high risk of potential genomic reassortment and is likely to pose a significant threat to cattle, thus urging more surveillance to monitor their circulating dynamics in China.

A hard coating free of obvious defects is produced on a Ti–6Al–4V (TC4) alloy substrate by means of tungsten inert gas clad (TIGC) of the Deloro22–WC–La2O3 mixed powders, which greatly increased the surface performance of the substrate. Test results indicated that large quantities of needle-shape precipitates were formed in the Deloro22–WC TIGC coating, increasing the microhardness significantly, and also lots of pores are produced in this coating, weakening the wear resistance. It was noted that a fine/compact microstructure is obtained in the Deloro22–WC–La2O3 TIGC coating, also the defects cannot be observed obviously. La2O3 addition can effectively improve the fluidity of melt and hinder the growth of grains in TIGC pool, favoring a fine/compact microstructure to be produced, and also improving the wear property of the TIGC coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been suggested to increase the risk of cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of common cancers in Chinese patients with T2DM.Methods: A population-based retrospective cohort study including 36,379 T2DM patients was conducted in Minhang District of Shanghai, China, during 2004 to 2010. All T2DM patients were enrolled from the standardized management system based on local electronic information system. Newly-diagnosed cancer cases were identified by record-linkage with the Shanghai Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the risk of cancers among T2DM patients.Results: Overall crude incidence rate (CIR) of cancers was 955.21 per 105 person-years in men and 829.57 per 105 person-years in women. Increased risk of cancer was found in both gender, with an SIR being 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17-1.38) in men and 1.44 (95% CI =1.32-1.55) in women. Increased risk of colon (SIR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.49 to 2.46), rectum (1.72; 1.23 to 2.21), prostate (2.87; 2.19 to 3.56), and bladder cancers (1.98, 1.28 to 2.68) were observed in men and elevated risk of colon (1.67; 1.25 to 2.08), breast (1.66; 1.38 to 1.95), and corpus uteri cancers (2.87; 2.03 to 3.71) were observed in women.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Chinese patients with T2DM may have an increased risk of some cancers, and the increase may vary by sub-sites of cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect of ursolic acid on cardiomyopathy in mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low dose streptozotocin, and to explore its possible mechanism., Methods: Thirty male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group ( n =10) and moulding group ( n =20), the mice in the two groups were fed with regular diet and high-fat diet respectively for 6 weeks, and then the mice in the moulding group were injected with streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) for 5 successive days to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured after 9 days. Mice with FBG over 11.1 mmol/L were regarded as DM. Twenty DM mice were randomly divided into model group and ursolic acid group ( n =10). Mice in each group were continuously administrated ursolic acid (100 mg/kg) or corresponding solvent intragastrically for 8 weeks. After that, FBG was measured, body weight (BW), heart weight and left ventricular weight were weighed in order to calculate the heart mass index (HMI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in myocardial tissue were detected. HE staining was used to observe pathological changes of myocardial tissue. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β)., Results: Compared with the control group, HMI, LVMI were apparently enlarged, levels of FBG, CK, LDH in serum and MDA in myocardial tissue were extremely increased, while the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue were extraordinary decreased in diabetic group. HE staining of myocardium showed that arrangement disorder of myocardial fibers, edema and hypertrophy in myocardial cell, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in model group. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β in myocardial tissue increased obviously in model group, the above changes inursolic acid group were significantly ameliorated., Conclusions: Ursolic acid has a obvious protective effect on myocardial injury in mice with diabetes induced by high-fat diet combined with low dose streptozotocin, and its mechanism may be associated with inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, reducing IL-1β generation and alleviating myocardial inflammatory injury.

Objective: To analyze the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2007 to 2010 and evaluate the safety of vaccines., Method: The data of AEFI cases were collected and reported by the Vaccine Adverse Events Surveillance System (VAESS). The data were classified as non-serious or serious reaction according to the symptoms and medical records., Result: From 2007 to 2010, 5088 AEFI cases were reported to the surveillance system after 4.85 million doses of 24 kinds of vaccines (viral vaccines, bacterial vaccine and non-vaccine product) use. A total of 5013 non-serious AEFI were reported with a rate of 103.24/100 000 doses. Among the non-serious AEFIs, the majority were fever (3314 cases, 68.25/100 000 doses), followed by local reactions (1686 cases, 34.72/100 000 doses). A total of 75 serious AEFIs were reported, with a rate of 1.54/100 000 doses. The anaphylaxis (26 cases, 0.54/100 000 doses) accounted for the most among the serious AEFIs, followed by allergic rash (24 cases, 0.49/100 000 doses) and abscess at injection site (14 cases, 0.29/100 000 doses). The susceptibility of data on AEFI rose year by year from 2007 to 2010, and the reported rate rose from 40.48/100 000 in 2007 to 134.17/100 000 in 2010., Conclusion: To maintain the sensitivity of AEFI surveillance is key to detect rare serious adverse events. The sensitivity should be enhanced, at the same time, pediatricians should treat the AEFI with standard methods, so as to minimize the negative impacts of vaccination and to maintain the confidence among the public.

Objective: To elucidate the evolution pattern of human influenza virus A H3 subtype by detecting positive selected codons in hemagglutinin gene., Methods: All H3 sequences in NCBI GenBank and influenza sequence database were downloaded and two step cluster method was applied to divide sequences into six groups, which were corresponding to different period by turns. Fixed Effect Model was applied to detect positive selected codons in each group, and two step cluster method was then used again to summarize variation patterns of selective pressure among sites., Results: Positive selected codons were different in groups corresponding different periods. 50 amino acid codons had been identified as positive selected sites in at least one time span. Among them, 42 codons belonged to one of the five known antigen-combinng regions. A larger amount of sites as well as relatively higher selection pressure were identified in antibody combining regions A and B. Results showed that the 50 sites could be divided into seven different patterns. While other six patterns corresponding to positive selected codons at only one time span, the sites of the seventh pattern were under positive selection in several periods., Conclusion: Positive selection codons in evolution of H3A1 strains were alternated in different time period whereas antibody combining regions A and B played more important roles in the evolution process. Other 8 identified codons out of the antibody combining regions might belong to unknown antigen regions.