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Abstract: This paper uses data from limited HL-2A Ohmic-plasma to answer the question of how turbulent transport broadens the heat flux width. A key issue in this study is the determination of the origin of SOL turbulence. We develop the concept of the energy production ratio R_a, which compares the flux of turbulence energy across the LCFS to the net, integrated energy production in the SOL. The flux of turbulence energy (i.e., spreading) is measured directly, using Langmuir probes. Experimental data is used to evaluate R_a. Results show that usually R_a>1, indicating that SOL turbulence is energized primarily by edge turbulence spreading. The exceptions – cases where R_a

Groynes can prevent erosion of banks. In this study, an upstream wing submerged T-shaped groyne (ST) was proposed. The hydraulic characteristics and the bed elevation of the proposed groyne were compared with those of a T-shaped groyne. Under the consideration of the flow field measurements of a 60[degrees] bend movable bed experiment, a digital terrain after the bed development was obtained, using laser scanning technology. The flow field numerical simulation was performed with this digital terrain as the boundary. The results demonstrated that in comparison with the T-shaped groyne, the depth-averaged velocity of ST near the groyne head decreased by 14%, the length of the back-flow zone behind the ST was shortened by about 36%, and the streamlines near the wing of the groyne were smoother. Additionally, the scour depth in the range of the groyne increased by about 0.2 times the approaching flow depth H. Key words: T-shaped groyne, numerical simulation, swirling flow, vortex Les epis peuvent prevenir l'erosion des berges. Dans le cadre de cette etude, un epi en aile submerge en forme de T (ST) en amont a ete propose. Les caracteristiques hydrauliques et le niveau du lit de l'epi propose ont ete comparees a celles d'un epi en forme de T (T). En prenant en consideration les mesures de champ d'ecoulement du lit d'un canal d'experimentation a 60, un terrain numerique apres le developpement du lit a ete obtenu, en utilisant la technologie de balayage laser. La simulation numerique du champ d'ecoulement a ete realisee avec ce terrain numerique comme limite. Les resultats ont demontre qu'en comparaison avec l'epi en forme de T (T), la vitesse moyenne en profondeur du ST pres de la tete de l'epi a diminue de 14 %, la longueur de la zone de retour de fluide derriere le ST a ete raccourcie d'environ 36 % et les lignes d'ecoulement pres de l'aile de l'epi etaient plus lisses. De plus, la profondeur d'affouillement dans les environs de l'epi a augmente d'environ 0,2 fois la profondeur d'ecoulement H. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : epi en forme de T, simulation numerique, ecoulement tourbillonnant, vortex, 1. Introduction Groynes are built along river banks for various purposes, such as keeping banks from eroding (Przedwojski 1995; Noujas et al. 2017) and improving the navigation capability of rivers. [...]

Water is a critical resource globally, covering approximately 71% of the Earth's surface. Employing analytical models to forecast water quality parameters based on historical data is a key strategy in the field of water quality monitoring and treatment. By using a forecasting model, potential changes in water quality can be understood over time. In this study, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network was utilized to forecast dissolved oxygen levels following variational mode decomposition (VMD). The GRU neural network's parameters were optimized using the grey wolf optimizer (GWO), leading to the development of a VMD–GWO–GRU model for forecasting water quality parameters. The results indicate that this model outperforms both the standalone GRU model and the GWO–GRU model in capturing key information related to water quality parameters. Additionally, it shows improved accuracy in forecasting medium to long-term water quality changes, resulting in reduced root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The model demonstrates a significant improvement in the lag of forecasting water quality parameters, ultimately boosting forecasting accuracy. This approach can be applied effectively in both monitoring and forecasting water quality parameters, serving as a solid foundation for future water quality treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the bacterial community composition of mung bean sour pulp, the core element of Luoyang traditional and special pulp noodles, the bacteria 16S rDNA of mung bean sour pulp from six pulp workshops in Lu-oyang was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that 8 bacterial phyla were identified from 6 samples of mung bean sour pulp, involving 75 genera and 106 species; and Firmicutes is the dominant phylum (78.57%-97.17%), Lactobacillus (20.95%-90.36%) and Lactococcus (3.26%-62.68%) are the dominant genus, Lactobacillus oligofermentans, unclassified_Lactococcus are the corresponding dominant species, while Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus curvatus and Lactobacillus manihotivorans are common sub dominant bacteria. These dominant bacteria are all lactic acid bacteria, which have extensive prebiotic effects. The functional prediction of the bacterial community in mung bean sour pulp showed that the carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism abundance of the bacterial community are high, especially the abundance of flavor amino acid metabolic pathway and L-lactate dehydrogenase are relatively high. It was inferred that the unique acid and flavor of mung bean sour pulp was related to the bacterial amino acid metabolism and lactic acid synthesis. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for further study on the fermentation mechanism of mung bean sour pulp and development of corresponding starter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) on the dynamics of turbulence and flows at the edge of the HL-2A tokamak is analyzed utilizing transfer entropy technique. The results have shown that the RMP damps the poloidal flows as well as the E × B shearing rate, whereas enhances the toroidal flows and leads to a broadened particle spectrum with increased small scale turbulence transport. The causality analysis indicates that the regulation impact of poloidal flow on turbulent fluctuations and particle flux is weakened, while that of the toroidal rotation on the latter is strengthened by the RMP field. The impact of the changes in poloidal flow dominates over that of the modified toroidal flow on turbulent transport in the edge. The magnetic perturbation and the flows generally show predator–prey oscillations, where the causal effect between the former and the toroidal flow transits to a synchronization relation in the presence of RMP. In addition, the RMP field will weaken the causal effect on poloidal Reynolds stress while strengthening the parallel-radial component simultaneously. The present findings provide a possible explanation on the effects of external fields on the edge transport, which is suggested to be dominated by the complex interactions among external perturbations, flows, and ambient microturbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]