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Introduction: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide, and human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, the relationship between HPV infection and the risk of BCa is still controversial and inconclusive. Methods: This systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted following the PRISMA 2020 reporting guideline. This study searched four bibliographic databases with no language limitation. The databases included PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies evaluating the interaction between HPV infection and the risk of BCa from inception through May 21, 2022, were identified and used in this study. This study estimated the overall and type‐specific HPV prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Random Effects models and Fixed Effects models. In addition, this study also calculated the pooled odds ratio and pooled risk ratio with 95% CI to assess the effect of HPV infection on the risk and prognosis of bladder cancer. Two‐sample mendelian randomization (MR) study using genetic variants associated with HPV E7 protein as instrumental variables were also conducted. Results: This study retrieved 80 articles from the four bibliographic databases. Of the total, 27 were case–control studies, and 53 were cross‐sectional studies. The results showed that the prevalence of HPV was 16% (95% CI: 11%–21%) among the BCa patients, most of which were HPV‐16 (5.99% [95% CI: 3.03%–9.69%]) and HPV‐18 (3.68% [95% CI: 1.72%–6.16%]) subtypes. However, the study found that the prevalence varied by region, detection method, BCa histological type, and sample source. A significantly increased risk of BCa was shown for the positivity of overall HPV (odds ratio [OR], 3.35 [95% CI: 1.75–6.43]), which was also influenced by study region, detection method, histological type, and sample source. In addition, the study found that HPV infection was significantly associated with the progression of BCa (RR, 1.73 [95% CI: 1.39–2.15]). The two‐sample MR analysis found that both HPV 16 and 18 E7 protein exposure increased the risk of BCa (HPV 16 E7 protein: IVW OR per unit increase in protein level = 1.0004 [95% CI: 1.0002–1.0006]; p = 0.0011; HPV 18 E7 protein: IVW OR per unit increase in protein level = 1.0003 [95% CI: 1.0001–1.0005]; p = 0.0089). Conclusion: In conclusion, HPV may play a role in bladder carcinogenesis and contribute to a worse prognosis for patients with BCa. Therefore, it is necessary for people, especially men, to get vaccinated for HPV vaccination to prevent bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new quaternary crystalline catalyst was obtained by a mixed hydrothermal method of integrating inorganic semiconductors, titanium oxide cluster (TOC) and molecular redox centers orderly into metal organic framework (MOF) materials. It shows a hydrogen production rate 3711.53 μmol g−1 h−1 under visible light irradiation, exceeds most of the same type of catalyst reported in recent years, and a favorable stability with. The excellent performance of the CdS/TOC/UiO‐67‐bpy/Co composites due to efficient promotion of photo‐induced carrier separation and migration, and offering abundant active sites for generating hydrogen. This work will help to guide the preparation of new efficient and stable photocatalysts and promote the effective conversion of solar energy to chemical energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of rhein(RH) on the apoptosis and autophagy of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) and its underlying mechanism. The oxidative damage model in HUVECs was established and the cells were divided into different treatment groups. Cell survival rate was detected by MTT assay, apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, autophagy by Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3 B adenovirus transfection, and protein expression by Western blot. The results showed that RH could protect cells by increasing the cell survival rate in a dose-dependent manner, decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(Bax and cleaved caspase-3) and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, elevating the expression of Bcl-2, up-regulating the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ, and down-regulating the expression of p62. Adenovirus transfection results showed that RH could increase the green and red spots, as well as the yellow spots. However, after the addition of autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, autophagy was reduced and apoptosis was increased. RH could enhance the expression of silent information regulator 2 related enzyme 1(SIRT1). The addition of SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 reduced the protective effect of RH and cell viability. The addition of 3-MA had no effect on the expression of SIRT1 protein, but the expression of SIRT1 and LC3-Ⅱ proteins decreased and the expression of p62 increased after the addition of EX-527. After RH treatment, the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) increased, while that of the mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR) decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, this effect could be weakened by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. RH may enhance autophagy through SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR pathway to reduce H_2O_2-induced apoptosis of HUVECs.

Objective: To observe the change of neovascular morphology and angiogenesis related factors in the ischemic cerebral area after cerebral infarction and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture (EA)., Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group( n =90), EA group( n =90), sham operation group( n =90) and control group( n =10). The first three groups were further divided into 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d and 12 d subgroups( n =10 in each subgroup). The cerebral infarction model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). EA(15 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to "Shuigou"(GV26) for 20 min in the EA group. The 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 h subgroups were treated immediately after modeling, the 3, 7, 12 d subgroups were treated once daily for 3, 7 or 12 days. The neovascular endothelial cells were displayed by immunofluorescence double labeling staining. Quantitive real-time PCR and Western blot were applied to detect the changes of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiogenin (Ang) -1, 2, platelet-derived growth factor b (PDGF-b) in ischemic brain tissue, respectively., Results: After modeling, CD31 and Ki67 positive cells were first observed at 24 h in the model group, and reached the peak at 3 d, decreased at 7 d. While in the EA group, the CD31 and Ki67 positive cells were first observed at 12 h, and reached the peak at 3 d, and gradually decreased until 12 d. Compared with the control group, the mRNA expressions of bFGF at 9 h-12 h, Ang-1 at 12 h-12 d, Ang-2 at 1 h-12 d and PDGF-b at 1 h, 6 h, 9 h, 24 h-12 d were increased in the model group( P <0.01, P <0.05). After EA, the mRNA expressions of bFGF at 24 h-12 d, Ang-1 at 3 d-12 d, Ang-2 at 3 h-24 h and PDGF-b at 3 h, 6 h, 3 d-12 d were increased( P <0.05, P <0.01). In comparison with the control group, the proteins of bFGF at 24 h, Ang-1 at 6 h-12 d, Ang-2 at 1 h-12 d and PDGF-b at 1 h-7 d were increased in the model group( P <0.05, P <0.01). After EA, the proteins of bFGF at 3 d-12 d, Ang-1 at 3 d-12 d, Ang-2 at 3 h-12 h and PDGF-b at 6 h, 3 d-12 d were increased compared with the model group( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusion: EA can up-regulate the expression of angiogenesis-related factors in MCAO rats, which has an important role in the establishment of blood vessel regeneration and collateral circulation, and thus promote the recovery of neurological function.

Objective: To select the optimized treatment plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis by using multiple indexes decision-making method based on the clinical evidence., Methods: The randomized control trials (RCTs) regarding acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis in the CNKI database, CBM database, WANFANG database, VIP database, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase published before December 31, 2017 were comprehensively collected. The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of the RCTs. Then the evaluation indexes were selected and the dimensions of evaluation indexes were standardized by using extreme difference transformation method. The weight of each index was determined by using relative comparison method and the standardized matrix was weighted. Thus, the ideal solution and the negative ideal solution were obtained, and the relatively degree of each treatment plan to the ideal solution was calculated to propose the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis., Results: A total of 18 RCTs were included, the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis was using thin fire needle to rapidly prick the abnormal skin region with fast needle insertion-withdrawal technique; the fire needle was applied repeatedly; intensive pricking to form a treatment area; the treatment was given once every 5 days., Conclusion: Based on the current clinical evidence, the optimized plan of acupuncture for lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis is using thin fire needle to prick the abnormal skin region; the multiple methods of plum-blossom needling met the characteristic of lateral femoral cutaneous neuritis and is suitable for clinical selection. The main acupoints are ashi points in the abnormal skin area or the acupoints in the foot- yangming meridian and foot- shaoyang meridian, combined with lumbar Jiaji (EX-B2) points.