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Purpose: Drawing on cognitive appraisal theory, this study aims to explore the indirect effect of work/family boundary violations on teleworkers' counterproductive work behavior (CWB). In addition, it examines the moderating role of involuntary teleworking in this context. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the diary study method, this study used 543 questionnaires collected from 122 teleworkers in China. Findings: The findings indicate that working time demands mediate the relationship between work boundary violations and teleworker CWB, and threats to family roles mediate the relationship between family boundary violations and teleworker CWB. In addition, involuntary teleworking positively moderates the relationship between work boundary violations and working time demands, as well as the relationship between family boundary violations and threats to family roles. Originality/value: The study makes several valuable contributions to the extant literature. First, it enhances research on the antecedents of teleworker CWB. Second, by introducing two mediating variables corresponding to two types of boundary violations, the paper provides new insights and a fresh understanding of the effects of boundary violations in teleworking situations. Third, by considering the moderating role of involuntary teleworking, this research adds to the current knowledge on the impact of discussing boundary violations solely on teleworking or traditional office days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an editorial for a special issue of the journal "Remote Sensing" that focuses on monitoring terrestrial water resources using satellite sensors. The editorial acknowledges the increasing demand for water resources and the importance of accurately evaluating and tracking them. It discusses the advantages of using satellite technologies for monitoring water resources and highlights studies in the special issue that cover topics such as water body extraction, flood mapping, and coastal wetland dynamics monitoring. The editorial also mentions the use of specific satellite sensors, like satellite altimeters and satellite imagery, for acquiring surface water information. It addresses the challenges of acquiring 3D information about surface water and emphasizes the need to combine satellite observation with model simulation to improve monitoring and understanding of the water cycle. The authors suggest incorporating newly released satellite data, such as SWOT, to enhance the acquisition of information on inland areas, coastal areas, and oceans. [Extracted from the article]

Brown carbon (BrC) exhibits a highly complex chemical composition with diverse light‐absorbing properties, which complicates our understanding of its climate impacts. This study examined the impact of molecular characteristics (including molecular mass, unsaturation, oxidation state, and polarity) and heteroatoms on the light‐absorbing properties (absorptivity and wavelength dependence) of BrC from a molecular perspective, based on the ultraviolet‐visible spectra of over 40,000 light‐absorbing substances in aerosol from different sources and ambience. Our findings reveal that the light‐absorptivity of BrC molecules increases with decreasing polarity and O/C ratio, while it rises with higher molecular mass and unsaturation. We developed predictive models for molecular absorptivity based on its double bond equivalent and O/C ratio. In addition, we observed an inverse correlation between absorptivity and wavelength dependence at the molecular level, as determined through mathematical analysis. This molecular‐level understanding provides valuable insights into BrC absorbing mechanisms, facilitating more accurate characterization in atmospheric models. Plain Language Summary: Brown carbon (BrC) plays a crucial role in global climate and air quality. However, extremely complex chemical composition with diverse optical properties in organic aerosols leads to a great variety of BrC in different atmospheric environments, which brings challenges for accurate representation in atmospheric models. This study investigates factors influencing light‐absorbing properties of BrC from a molecular perspective. Our study indicates that the diversity in BrC properties across different environment is an integrated result of variations in molecular mass, unsaturation and oxidation state, all of which should be taken into account. Additionally, it's not accurate to simply label organic aerosol molecules as either absorbing or non‐absorbing. Instead, this study proposes a method to continuously predict the absorption capacity of BrC molecules. Furthermore, we also noticed that as the ability of molecules to absorb light increases, their dependency on wavelength decreases, a relationship we identified and explained using mathematical equations at the molecular level. Key Points: The rising absorptivity of brown carbon (BrC) is an integrated result of lower polarity or O/C ratio, and higher molecular mass or unsaturationThe absorptivity of molecules in BrC can be predicted with double bond equivalent and O/C ratioAn inverse correlation between absorptivity and wavelength dependence is observed and mathematically derived at the molecular level [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Satellite data have exhibited a great potential to track lake water-level changes. By integrating multi-source satellite datasets (i.e., Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) lidar datasets, Landsat imagery, and Global Surface Water Dataset (GSWD)), we proposed a method to track annual water-level changes of Lake Mead, USA over 1984–2018. Specifically, we first extracted ICESat-2 profiles as elevation information. Second, we used Landsat imagery to extract annual lake boundaries and calculate lake areas. Third, we constructed the relationship between elevations and inundation frequencies provided by the GSWD for ICESat-2 points, and applied it to extract annual water levels by using inundation frequency of Landsat derived lake boundaries. Finally, we created the relationship between lake water level and lake areas via a cubic polynomial model to refine the annual lake water levels. Our water level results agreed well with the in-situ data (R2 = 0.99, p < 0.01, RMSE = 0.64 m). Our results showed that the ICESat-2 data performed well in providing accurate elevation information around the shore of lake. Using satellite datasets, our proposed method has the potential to derive water levels for water bodies worldwide in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a conserved and abundant mRNA modification that controls protein expression by affecting translation efficiency and mRNA stability. Whether the ac4C modification of mRNA regulates hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development or affects the immunotherapy of HCC is unknown. Methods: By constructing an orthotopic transplantation mouse HCC model and isolating tumour-infiltrated immunocytes, we evaluated the ac4C modification intensity using flow cytometry. Remodelin hydrobromide (REM), an ac4C modification inhibitor, was systematically used to understand the extensive role of ac4C modification in immunocyte phenotypes. Single-cell RNA-seq was performed to comprehensively evaluate the changes in the tumour-infiltrating immunocytes and identify targeted cell clusters. RNA-seq and RIP-seq analyses were performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) analysis on the HCC tissue microarray was performed to explore the clinical relatedness of our findings. Results: Ac4C modification promoted M1 macrophage infiltration and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell MDSCs infiltration in HCC. The inhibition of ac4C modification induces PDL1 expression by stabilising mRNA in the myeloid cells, thereby attenuating the CTL-mediated tumour cell-killing ability. High infiltration of ac4C+CD11b+ cells is positively related to a better prognosis in patients with HCC. Conclusions: Ac4C modification of myeloid cells enhanced the HCC immunotherapy by suppressing PDL1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanisms for how large-scale brain networks contribute to sustained attention are unknown. Attention fluctuates from moment to moment, and this continuous change is consistent with dynamic changes in functional connectivity between brain networks involved in the internal and external allocation of attention. In this study, we investigated how brain network activity varied across different levels of attentional focus (i.e., "zones"). Participants performed a finger-tapping task, and guided by previous research, in-the-zone performance or state was identified by low reaction time variability and out-of-the-zone as the inverse. In-the-zone sessions tended to occur earlier in the session than out-of-the-zone blocks. This is unsurprising given the way attention fluctuates over time. Employing a novel method of time-varying functional connectivity, called the quasi-periodic pattern analysis (i.e., reliable, network-level low-frequency fluctuations), we found that the activity between the default mode network (DMN) and task positive network (TPN) is significantly more anti-correlated during in-the-zone states versus out-of-the-zone states. Furthermore, it is the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) switch that differentiates the two zone states. Activity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and DMN were desynchronized across both zone states. During out-of-the-zone periods, FPCN synchronized with DMN, while during in-the-zone periods, FPCN switched to synchronized with DAN. In contrast, the ventral attention network (VAN) synchronized more closely with DMN during in-the-zone periods compared with out-of-the-zone periods. These findings demonstrate that time-varying functional connectivity of low frequency fluctuations across different brain networks varies with fluctuations in sustained attention or other processes that change over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractHerein, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) were synthesized by a solvothermal reaction for the determination of tartrazine in food. The microscopic structures and optical properties were examined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission of the N-CQDs were 450 nm upon the excitation of 350 nm with a quantum yield of 14%. The N-CQDs provide a good linear range from 0.8 to 100 μM and low detection limit of 0.078 μM. The constructed fluorescent probe was successfully adopted to determine tartrazine in food samples with good accuracy. The fluorescence quenching mechanism of tartrazine by the N-CQDs are likely due to the static quenching and inner filter effect. Overall, a wide linear range, sensitive and stable fluorescent probe is provided which indicates a new method for the determination of tartrazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders that poses a global threat to human health. It can lead to complications in multiple organs and tissues, owing to its wide-ranging impact on the human body. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a specific cardiac manifestation of DM, which is characterized by heart failure in the absence of coronary heart disease, hypertension and valvular heart disease. Given that oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of DCM, intervening to mitigate oxidative stress may serve as a therapeutic strategy for managing DCM. Naringenin is a natural product with anti-oxidative stress properties that can suppress oxidative damage by regulating various oxidative stress signaling pathways. In this review, we address the relationship between oxidative stress and its primary signaling pathways implicated in DCM, and explores the therapeutic potential of naringenin in DCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganism-based methods have been widely applied for the treatment of phenol-polluted environments. The previously isolated Acinetobacter lwoffii NL1 strain could completely degrade 0.5 g/L phenol within 12 h, but not higher concentrations of phenol. In this study, we developed an evolutionary strain NL115, through adaptive laboratory evolution, which possessed improved degradation ability and was able to degrade 1.5 g/L phenol within 12 h. Compared with that of the starting strain NL1, the concentration of degradable phenol by the developed strain increased three-fold; its phenol tolerance was also enhanced. Furthermore, comparative genomics showed that sense mutations mainly occurred in genes encoding alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, phenol hydroxylase, 30S ribosomal protein, and mercury resistance operon. Comparative transcriptomics between A. lwoffii NL115 and NL1 revealed the enrichment of direct degradation, stress resistance, and vital activity processes among the metabolic responses of A. lwoffii adapted to phenol stress. Among these, all the upregulated genes (log2fold-change > 5) encoded peroxidases. A phenotypic comparison of A. lwoffii NL1 and NL115 found that the adapted strain NL115 exhibited strengthened antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the increased enzymatic activities of phenol hydroxylase and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase in A. lwoffii NL115 validated their response to phenol. Overall, this study provides insight into the mechanism of efficient phenol degradation through adaptive microbial evolution and can help to drive improvements in phenol bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prognostic significance of WT1 expression at diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains obscure, and subgroup analysis is the way for clarification. We previously reported the results in t(8;21) AML. In this study, 437 consecutive adult AML patients with non-favorable cytogenetic risk were enrolled. All patients were tested WT1 transcript levels using real-time quantitative PCR at diagnosis; AML-related common fusion genes, KMT2A-PTD, FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA and TP53 mutations were simultaneously tested. 92.4% of patients overexpressed WT1 compared to normal bone marrow. The existence of FLT3-ITD, NPM1 mutation and the absence of CEBPA biallelic mutation were significantly related to higher WT1 expression. The cutoff value for WT1 was determined by performing receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in regard to complete remission (CR) achievement and was used to categorize patients into low-expression (WT1-L) and high-expression (WT1-H) groups. In the entire cohort, WT1-H was significantly associated with a lower 1-course and 2-course CR rate (P < 0.0010 and P = 0.0060) but was not related to relapse-free survival (RFS). Multivariate analysis showed that WT1-H was an independent adverse prognostic factor for both 1-course and 2-course CR achievement. Subgroup analysis was further performed. WT1-H had a significant adverse impact on CR achievement within intermediate-cytogenetic risk, high-cytogenetic risk, ELN-defined-intermediate-risk, normal karyotype, KMT2A rearrangement, FAB-M2, FAB-M5 and NPM1 mutation (+) subgroups, whereas it had no impact within ELN-defined-low-risk, ELN-defined-high-risk, FAB-M4, FLT3-ITD mutation (+) and CEBPA biallelic mutation (+) subgroups. Moreover, WT1-H patients had a significantly lower RFS rate than WT1-L patients within both FAB-M5 and KMT2A rearrangement subgroups (P = 0.010 and 0.028), whereas WT1 had no impact on RFS within other subgroups mentioned above (all P > 0.05). Therefore, high WT1 expression at diagnosis independently predicted induction chemotherapy failure in AML patients with non-favorable cytogenetic risk, and it was related to relapse just within FAB-M5 and KMT2A rearrangement subgroups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to enhance the detection and parameter estimation capacity to the maneuvering target with complex motions, a low complexity coherent integration and parameter estimation method named SOKT-IAR-LVD is proposed in this paper. In SOKT-IAR-LVD, first, the second-order keystone transform (SOKT) is utilized to eliminate the range curvature induced by target acceleration. Second, improved axis rotation (IAR) is applied to regulate the linear range migration by rotating the fast time axis and the target envelope is aligned along the slow time axis with a quadratic phase characteristic. At last, the target signal is coherently integrated via the Lv's Distribution (LVD) transform. The target motion parameters, including range, velocity, and acceleration, are estimated by the IAR and LVD results. The integration gain and computational load of SOKT-IAR-LVD are analyzed. Without needing to estimate the Doppler ambiguity number and target acceleration, the computational burden of SOKT-IAR-LVD is three orders of magnitude lower than that of the Radon-Lv's Distribution (RLVD) method. Simulation results demonstrate that the detection performance of SOKT-IAR-LVD is almost the same as that of RLVD and that the required input SNR of SOKT-IAR-LVD is 17.4 dB lower than that of SOKT–Radon Fourier transform (SOKT-RFT) when the detection threshold is set to 12 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One effective strategy to solve the existing limits of photocatalyst applications is to broaden the spectrum absorption range of catalysts for the degradation and conversion of microplastics. As a result, a brand-new composite system BN/PDA/MoS 2 (BPM) was developed in this work to form nanofluids for the degradation and reformation of fiber-based microplastics (FMPs) under the irradiation of near-infrared light (NIR) for the first time. The collaborative system BPM nanofluids/NIR could remove 94.7% and 95.2% of reactive blue KN-R (100 mg/L) and Cr (VI) (10 mg/L) within 60 min, along with the temperature of the system could reach 58°C within 30 min. The weight loss rates of FMPs like PET and PLA were 92% and 34%, respectively after undergoing molecular chain breakage to form a series of small molecules in the system. Moreover, the H 2 production maintained an improvement to 100 mmol g−1 (PET) as well as 160 mmol g−1 (PLA) compared to the past research. In conclusion, this work is an effective attempt to develop a new method for water treatment based on the photothermal degradation of microplastics by BPM nanofluids, which also bears new ideas and ways for industrial pollutant removal and waste utilization. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exploring the association of diet and indoor and outdoor environments on the gut microbiome of red-crowned cranes. We investigated the microbiome profile of the 24 fecal samples collected from nine cranes from day 1 to 35. Differences in the gut microbiome composition were compared across diet and environments. Results: A total of 2,883 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, with 438 species-specific OTUs and 106 OTUs common to the gut microbiomes of four groups. The abundance of Dietzia and Clostridium XI increased significantly when the red-crowned cranes were initially fed live mealworms. Skermanella and Deinococcus increased after the red-crowned cranes were fed fruits and vegetables and placed outdoors. Thirty-three level II pathway categories were predicted. Our study revealed the mechanism by which the gut microbiota of red-crowned cranes responds to dietary and environmental changes, laying a foundation for future breeding, nutritional and physiological studies of this species. Conclusions: The gut microbiome of red-crowned cranes could adapt to changes in diet and environment, but the proportion of live mealworms in captive red-crowned cranes can be appropriately reduced at the initial feeding stage, reducing the negative impact of high-protein and high-fat foods on the gut microbiome and growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A brand-new composite catalyst ZnFe 2 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 @MWCNTs along with persulfate activation was established under near infrared radiation. • Temperature rising makes sure the synergistic system was of superior degradation and recycling performance for dyes (95%) and antibiotics (94.6%) in just 60 min than that of past research. • Persulfate adsorption on the surface and the theoretical kinetic constants calculated by DFT along with pathway analysis and toxicological properties of ampicillin degradation added to its industrial application. • This work bears certain efficacious research directions for water treatment technology. One of the most effective ways to address the problems of low solar spectrum utilization in photocatalysis and the high cost of persulfate activation technology is to create a cost-effective synergistic photothermal persulfate system. In this work, a brand-new composite catalyst called ZnFe 2 O 4 /Fe 3 O 4 @MWCNTs (ZFC) was developed to activate PDS (K 2 S 2 O 8) from the aforementioned basis. ZFC's surface temperature could unbelievably reach 120.6 °C in 150 s together with the degrading synergistic system solution temperature could reach 48 °C under near-infrared light (NIR) in 30 min, thus accelerating the ZFC/PDS decolorization rate for reactive blue KN-R (150 mg/L) to 95% in 60 min. Furthermore, the ZFC's ferromagnetism bore it with good cycling performance, allowing it to maintain an 85% decolorization rate even after 5 cycles with OH·, SO 4 -·, 1O 2 , and O 2 –· dominating the degrading process. In the meantime, the DFT calculations of the kinetic constants for the entire process of S 2 O 8 2- adsorption on Fe 3 O 4 in dye degradation solution were in agreement with the outcomes of the experimental pseudo-first-order kinetic fitting. By analyzing the particular degradation route of ampicillin (50 mg/L) and the possible environmental impact of the intermediate using LC-MS and the toxicological analysis software (T.E.S.T.), respectively, it was shown that this system might function as an environmentally friendly method for removing antibiotics. This work may provide some productive research lines for the creation of a photothermal persulfate synergistic system and suggest fresh approaches to water treatment technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavement skid resistance measurement is a fundamental component of roadway management and maintenance. Most traditional approaches rely on manual operations or heavy devices, which lead to a labor‐intensive, inefficient, and vulnerable testing environment. Precise laser scanning technology lays a solid foundation for effective and continuous pavement friction measurement. This paper proposed an automated pavement friction estimation model using 3D point cloud data and a deep neural network. The fine‐grained texture data of over 800 pavement sections with various anti‐skidding abilities were collected. The impact of the multi‐scale textures on pavement friction was separated and analyzed via two‐dimensional wavelet decomposition. A multi‐input fusion network with deep aggregation modules was designed to fuse the features of sub‐images generated by wavelet decomposition. The results show that the average prediction error is 0.0935, outperforming most state‐of‐the‐art models. The impact of different texture scales on friction estimation is then revealed. The proposed method provides a new tool for effective and large‐scale pavement friction evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between red cell distribution width/platelet ratio (RPR) and 30-day and 1-year mortality in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Data for the retrospective cohort study were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) III database. RPR was divided into two groups: RPR ≤ 0.11 and RPR > 0.11. The study outcomes were 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality from AIS. Cox proportional hazard models were utilized to assess the association between RPR and mortality. Subgroup analyses were applied based on age, tissue-type plasminogen activator (IV-tPA), endovascular treatment, and myocardial infarction. Results: A total of 1,358 patients were included in the study. Short- and long-term mortality occurred in 375 (27.61%) and 560 (41.24%) AIS patients, respectively. A high RPR was significantly associated with increased 30-day [hazard ratio (HR): 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10 to 1.92, P = 0.009] and 1-year mortality (HR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.23 to 1.93, P < 0.001) in AIS patients. Meanwhile, RPR was found to be significantly related to 30-day mortality in AIS patients aged < 65 years (HR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.17 to 4.10, P = 0.014), without IV-tPA use (HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.90, P = 0.021), without using endovascular treatment (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.94, P = 0.012), and without myocardial infarction (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.10, P = 0.006). Additionally, RPR was associated with 1-year mortality in AIS patients aged < 65 years (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.56 to 4.14, P < 0.001), aged ≥ 65 years (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.19, P = 0.015), with (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.85, P = 0.002) and without using IV-tPA (HR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.03 to 5.11, P = 0.041), without using endovascular treatment (HR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.23 to 1.96, P < 0.001), and without myocardial infarction (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.15, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Elevated RPR is associated with a high risk of short-term and long-term mortality in AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance sialography (MRS) for diagnosis of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) singly or integrated with 2016 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatic Diseases (EULAR) classification criteria. Methods: The diagnostic efficiencies of MRI, MRS, and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) were evaluated. The prediction model was established by multivariate analysis. Finally, performance of the ACR/EULAR criteria was evaluated after addition of MRI + MRS or replacement of original items by MRI + MRS. Results: The combined use of LSGB + MRI + MRS provided the greatest diagnostic value. MRI and MRS grade had positive correlations with disease duration and pathological grade of the labial gland (both P < 0.001). MRI and MRS grade had positive correlations with xerostomia severity and negative correlations with unstimulated salivary flow rate (both P < 0.001). The consistency of MRI grade and MRS grade in the diagnosis of parotid gland lesions was poor (κ = 0.253, P < 0.001). The diagnostic efficiency of our prediction model (AUC 0.906) was similar to that of criteria from the ACR/EULAR (AUC 0.930). Adding MRI + MRS to the ACR/EULAR criteria improved the sensitivity (92.3% vs 90.8%), whereas the specificity remained the same (88.9% vs 89.1%). Replacing LSGB by MRI + MRS in the ACR/EULAR criteria decreased both sensitivity and specificity (88.1% vs 90.8% and 86.4% vs 89.1%, respectively). Conclusion: The combined application of MRI and MRS has ideal clinical application value in the diagnosis of early‐stage pSS. Validity of the ACR/EULAR criteria remains high after incorporation of MRI + MRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light has important effects on plant metabolism. However, the relationship between the chlorogenic acid (CGA) content and light in plants remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of shading treatment on gene expression and CGA content in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. (LM), a widely used medicinal plant. A total of 1891 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in flower buds and 819 in leaves in response to light in shading treatment compared to the control sample by RNA-Seq. After shading treatment, the content of CGA in LM leaves decreased significantly by 1.78-fold, the carotenoid content increased, and the soluble sugar and starch contents significantly decreased. WGCNA and the expression of related genes verified by qRT‒PCR revealed that CGA synthesis pathway enzyme genes form a co-expression network with genes for carbohydrate synthesis, photosynthesis, light signalling elements, and transcription factor genes (TFs) that affect the accumulation of CGA. Through a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system and CGA assay in Nicotiana benthamiana (NB), we determined that downregulation of NbHY5 expression decreased the CGA content in NB leaves. In this study, we found that light provides energy and material for the accumulation of CGA in LM, and light affects the expression of CGA accumulation-related genes. Our results show that different light intensities have multiple effects on leaves and flower buds in LM and are able to coregulate LmHY5 expression and CGA synthesis. • When ambient light intensity reduced the content of chlorogenic acid is decreased in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. • The transcriptional expression of chlorogenic acid synthesis pathway elements in response to changes in ambient light intensity was characterized in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. Was constructed. • The co-expression network of chlorogenic acid synthesis pathway genes, primary metabolic pathway genes and light signal element genes was established in Lonicera macranthoides Hand.-Mazz. • Inhibition of transcriptional expression of NbHY5 leads to a decrease in chlorogenic acid content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Afternoon napping has been found to be able to compensate for the negative health effects of less optimal nighttime sleep duration. Our study aimed to investigate whether napping can protect against the negative effects of short or long sleep duration on cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. A total of 8107 participants (men, 53.19%) aged 45 and older from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were followed prospectively for 7 years. The primary outcome was cognitive function (episodic memory and mental status). Afternoon napping was categorized into three groups including non- (0 min), moderate (1–30 min) and long (>30 min) duration. Nighttime sleep was also categorized into three groups including short (<7 h), normal (7–8 h), and long (>8 h) duration. Linear mixed models were used with napping and sleep duration at baseline as predictors. Potential confounders including baseline cognitive function were adjusted. Shorter sleep duration (B = −0.01, p = 0.048) was independently associated with a faster decline in episodic memory. For participants with shorter sleep duration, either non-napping (B = −0.03, p = 0.017) or longer napping (B = −0.04, p = 0.018) showed a significant decline of episodic memory. For participants with longer sleep duration, non-napping was associated with a significant decline of episodic memory (B = −0.07, p = 0.003). This study found that moderate napping could protect against the negative effects of short or long sleep duration on episodic memory, which implied that middle-aged and older adults who have a less optimal sleep duration might benefit from moderate napping for their cognitive function. • Shorter nighttime sleep (<7h) was independently associated with a faster decline in episodic memory over 7 years. • Moderate napping could protect against the negative effects of short or long sleep duration on episodic memory. • Those older adults with a less optimal sleep duration might benefit from moderate napping for their cognitive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Objective: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of numerous illnesses. As a classic Chinese medicine, Wendan Decoction (WDD) encompasses a marvelous impact on the remedy of hyperlipidemia. It is known that hyperlipidemia leads to cardiovascular injury, therefore anti-vascular endothelial cell injury (AVECI) may be an underlying molecular mechanism of WDD in the cure of hyperlipidemia. However, there is no relevant research on the effect of WDD on vascular endothelial cells and its pharmacodynamic substances. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of WDD on vascular endothelial cells. (2) Methods: The chemical constituents of WDD were determined by LC-MS/MS technology. The protective effects of 16 batches of WDD on samples from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated. Finally, gray relation analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were used to analyze the potential correlation between chemical ingredients and AVECI. (3) Results: The results indicated that WDD had apparent protective effect on endothelial cells, and pharmacological properties in 16 batches of WDD tests were apparently discrepant. The GRA and PLSR showed that trigonelline, liquiritin, hesperidin, hesperetin, scopoletin, morin, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin and formononetin may be the active ingredients of AVECI in WDD. (4) Conclusions: WDD has a protective effect on endothelial cell injury induced by palmitic acid, which may be related to its component content. This method was suitable for the search of active components in classical TCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of malt protein removal by Neutrase using Canadian and French commercial malts (Malt 1 and Malt 2) on mashing efficiency, and production of violate compounds during fermentation were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (HS‐SMPE‐GC–MS). HPLC results showed that for Malt 1 containing lower free‐ and total‐β‐amylase but higher α‐amylase enzyme activity, Neutrase significantly increased the content of maltose, glucose and maltotriose, whereas for Malt 2, only glucose content increased. For Malt 1, the increased glucose/maltose ratio after Neutrase addition led to higher ethanol concentration than that with no Neutrase (4.06% vs. 2.09%), whereas for Malt 2, no significant differences were observed (2.92% vs. 3.09%). HS‐SPME‐GC–MS showed that for Malt 1 and Malt 2, Neutrase not influenced the violate compounds composition, whereas reduced their contents. This suggests that malt protein removal by Neutrase impairs the production of volatile compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Spatial–temporal dimension reduction of rs-fMRI is developed for automatic PD diagnosis. • Both region-specific and patient-specific diagnoses can be achieved with nonlinear manifold learning. • Temporal lobe, partial Parietal lobe, partial Occipital lobe, and motor region have high classifiability for PD diagnosis using rs-fMRI and the proposed method. • Multi-region classification can significantly improve the PD diagnosis accuracy compared with the single region classification (from 87.8% to 96.4%). Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the leading causes of neurological disability, and its prevalence is expected to increase rapidly in the following few decades. PD diagnosis heavily depends on clinical features using the patient's symptoms. Therefore, an accurate, robust, and non-invasive bio-marker is of critical clinical importance for PD. This study proposes to develop a new bio-marker for PD diagnosis using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI). Unlike most existing rs-fMRI data analytics using correlational analysis, a Topological Machine Learning approach is proposed to construct the bio-marker. The default functional network is identified first using rs-fMRI. Next, rs-fMRI's high dimensional spatial–temporal data structure is mapped on a Riemann Manifold using topological dimensional reduction. Following the topological dimensional reduction, machine learning is used for classification and sensitivity analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to three open fMRI databases for demonstration and validation. The PD diagnosis accuracy can reach 96.4 % when the proposed methodology is used. Thus, rs-fMRI and topological machine learning provide a quantifiable and verifiable bio-marker for future PD early detection and treatment evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated gene silencing is an important technology to achieve RNA interference, in which the design of potent and reliable shRNA molecules plays a crucial role. However, efficient shRNA target selection through biological technology is expensive and time consuming. Hence, it is crucial to develop a more precise and efficient computational method to design potent and reliable shRNA molecules. In this work, we present an interpretable classification model for the shRNA target prediction using the Light Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm called ILGBMSH. Rather than utilizing only the shRNA sequence feature, we extracted 554 biological and deep learning features, which were not considered in previous shRNA prediction research. We evaluated the performance of our model compared with the state-of-the-art shRNA target prediction models. Besides, we investigated the feature explanation from the model's parameters and interpretable method called Shapley Additive Explanations, which provided us with biological insights from the model. We used independent shRNA experiment data from other resources to prove the predictive ability and robustness of our model. Finally, we used our model to design the miR30-shRNA sequences and conducted a gene knockdown experiment. The experimental result was perfectly in correspondence with our expectation with a Pearson's coefficient correlation of 0.985. In summary, the ILGBMSH model can achieve state-of-the-art shRNA prediction performance and give biological insights from the machine learning model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients with complex karyotype (CK) generally have unfavourable outcomes. CK commonly co‐exists with characteristic chromosomal and genetic abnormalities such as monosomal karyotype (MK), −17 or 17p‐ [abn(17p)] and TP53 mutations. Their individual prognostic significance needs to be clarified. Methods: Seventy‐three adult CK‐AML patients and eleven adult non‐CK‐AML patients with TP53 mutations (non‐CK/TP53mu) who were diagnosed and received therapy at our institute were enrolled. One hundred and fifty‐seven AML cases retrieved from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) for validation. Results: Among CK‐AML patients, those with TP53 mutations (CK/TP53mu) had significantly lower rates of 1‐course induction complete remission (CR), 2‐year relapse‐free survival (RFS) and 2‐year overall survival (OS) than those without TP53 mutations (CK/TP53wt); whereas, abn(17p) did not have the above impacts; MK was significantly associated with a lower 2‐year OS rate but was not related to the rates of CR and RFS. Multivariate analysis showed that it were TP53 mutations and treating with chemotherapy alone but not MK and abn(17p) that independently predicted the adverse prognosis for RFS and OS in CK‐AML. Furthermore, non‐CK/TP53mu patients showed similar rates of CR, RFS and OS to CK/TP53mu patients. Validation using the TCGA cohort showed that CK/TP53mu patients had a significantly lower 2‐year OS rate than CK/TP53wt patients, whereas abn(17p) and MK did not impact OS; the 2‐year OS rate of patients with CK/TP53wt was similar to that of patients with intermediate‐risk cytogenetics. Conclusion: Adult CK‐AML patients have varied risks and TP53 mutations seem to be an independent adverse prognostic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the dynamic behavior of tires and their interactions with roads plays an important role in designing integrated vehicle control strategies. Accordingly, having access to reliable information about tire–road interactions through tire-embedded sensors is desirable for developing enhanced vehicle control systems. Thus, the main objectives of this research are: 1) to analyze data from an experimental accelerometer-based intelligent tire acquired over a wide range of maneuvers, with different vertical loads, velocities, and high slip angles and 2) to develop a lateral force predictor based on a machine learning tool, more specifically, the Gaussian process regression (GPR) technique. It is determined that the proposed intelligent tire system can provide reliable information about the tire–road interactions even in the case of high slip angles. In addition, lateral force models based on GPR can predict forces very well, outperforming other machine learning models and providing levels of uncertainty that can be useful for designing vehicle control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of big data, using big data to realize the online estimation of battery SOH has become possible. Traditional solutions based on theoretical models cannot take into account driving behavior and complicated environmental factors. In this paper, an approximate SOH degradation model based on real operating data and environmental temperature data of electric vehicles (EVs) collected with a big data platform is proposed. Firstly, the health indicators are extracted from the historical operating data, and the equivalent capacity at 25 °C is obtained based on the capacity–temperature empirical formula and the capacity offset. Then, the attenuation rate during each charging and discharging process is calculated by combining the operating data and the environmental temperature. Finally, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is used to learn the degradation trend of the battery and predict the future decline trend. The test results show that the proposed method has better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Using deep learning method to predict siRNA efficacy rather than extensive hand-crafted features extraction. • Transferring gene sequence information from large DNA corpus for siRNA prediction task with the BERT style. • Providing model explainability by visualization of attention scores and hidden layers. Silencing mRNA through siRNA is vital for RNA interference (RNAi), necessitating accurate computational methods for siRNA selection. Current approaches, relying on machine learning, often face challenges with large data requirements and intricate data preprocessing, leading to reduced accuracy. To address this challenge, we propose a BERT model-based siRNA target gene knockdown efficiency prediction method called BERT-siRNA, which consists of a pre-trained DNA-BERT module and Multilayer Perceptron module. It applies the concept of transfer learning to avoid the limitation of a small sample size and the need for extensive preprocessing processes. By fine-tuning on various siRNA datasets after pretraining on extensive genomic data using DNA-BERT to enhance predictive capabilities. Our model clearly outperforms all existing siRNA prediction models through testing on the independent public siRNA dataset. Furthermore, the model's consistent predictions of high-efficiency siRNA knockdown for SARS-CoV-2, as well as its alignment with experimental results for PDCD1 , CD38 , and IL6 , demonstrate the reliability and stability of the model. In addition, the attention scores for all 19-nt positions in the dataset indicate that the model's attention is predominantly focused on the 5′ end of the siRNA. The step-by-step visualization of the hidden layer's classification progressively clarified and explained the effective feature extraction of the MLP layer. The explainability of model by analysis the attention scores and hidden layers is also our main purpose in this work, making it more explainable and reliable for biological researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) MXene-based membranes have aroused intensive attention for highly efficient water purification, however, most of them are restricted by the classic trade-off effect and structural swelling in an aqueous medium. In this study, a MoS 2 @MXene membrane with superior nanofiltration (NF) performance and stability by intercalating 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2) nanosheet into Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene laminates was reported. With increasing MoS 2 nanosheet loading amount, the MoS 2 @MXene composite membrane surfaces became more hydrophilic and the corresponding water contact angles reduced from 77.2° to 48°. The optimal MoS 2 @MXene composite membrane showed enhanced water permeability of 172.5 L·bar−1·h−1·m−2 and nearly 99% Rhodamine B (RhB) rejection in comparison with the pure MXene membrane. The optimal membrane also displayed high salt rejection of 82.5 %, 75 %, 60 %, and 50.8 % for 1000 ppm Na 2 SO 4 , MgSO 4 , NaCl, and MgCl 2 solutions, respectively. Due to the weak interaction between MoS 2 and water molecules and the strong π-π attraction force between MXene and MoS 2 nanosheets, the MoS 2 @MXene composite membrane was highly stable which could maintain the same separation performance for 5 NF cycles. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation also demonstrated that the intercalated MoS 2 nanosheet can not only accelerate water transport of the formed laminar structure but also strengthen the structural stability of the membrane. These findings might provide valuable insights into precise construction of 2D material-based membranes with excellent stability and separation performance. • The 2D MoS 2 @MXene composite nanofiltration membranes were prepared. • Intercalation of MoS 2 nanosheets enhanced the water transport of the membrane. • The MoS 2 @MXene composite membrane showed superior performance for salts and dyes separation. • The MoS 2 nanosheet intercalation also promoted the stability of the laminar structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of manganese oxide (MnO 2) could influence the stability of green-synthesized nano-zero valent iron (nZVI@GT) associated with trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) after its excess application in the in situ remediation of hexachromium (Cr(VI)) contaminated soil. The research findings revealed that the co-transport of the remaining nZVI@GT with Cr(III) was substantially inhibited by high δ-MnO 2 concentrations due to the formation of hetero-aggregates between nZVI@GT and δ-MnO 2 , resulting in an increased irreversible attachment parameter at second-site in a two-site kinetic attachment model. Simultaneously, the Cr(III) complex immobilized on nZVI@GT could be oxidized leading to high levels of Cr(VI) leaching at high δ-MnO 2 concentrations. During this process, Mn(IV) was converted to Mn(III)/Mn(II). Subsequently, leachate containing a partial amount of Cr(VI) preferentially adsorbed onto the nZVI@GT surface, enhancing the dispersion of the nZVI@GT and δ-MnO 2 agglomerates. Thereafter, nZVI@GT transportability was enhanced with a decreased second-site attachment parameter and the flow content of dissolved Cr(VI) was increased to double, also increasing the potential risk of Cr(VI) being carried by nZVI@GT to underground water systems. This study provides theoretical support for preserving the long-term stability of nZVI@GT after the in situ remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites in the presence of δ-MnO 2. [Display omitted] • Heterogeneous aggregates were formed between nZVI@GT and δ-MnO 2. • δ-MnO 2 inhibited co-migration of nZVI@GT with Cr(III). • δ-MnO 2 facilitated nZVI@GT transport and newly generated Cr(VI) mobility. • Ratios of nZVI/MnO 2 mainly controlled the Cr(III) stability after soil remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our recent multi-omics studies have revealed rich sources of novel bioactive proteins and polypeptides from marine organisms including cnidarians. In the present study, we initially conducted a transcriptomic analysis to review the composition profile of polypeptides from Zoanthus sociatus. Then, a newly discovered NPY-like polypeptide-ZoaNPY was selected for further in silico structural, binding and virtually pharmacological studies. To evaluate the pro-angiogenic effects of ZoaNPY, we employed an in vitro HUVECs model and an in vivo zebrafish model. Our results indicate that ZoaNPY, at 1–100 pmol, enhances cell survival, migration and tube formation in the endothelial cells. Besides, treatment with ZoaNPY could restore a chemically-induced vascular insufficiency in zebrafish embryos. Western blot results demonstrated the application of ZoaNPY could increase the phosphorylation of proteins related to angiogenesis signaling including PKC, PLC, FAK, Src, Akt, mTOR, MEK, and ERK1/2. Furthermore, through molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) verification, ZoaNPY was shown to directly and physically interact with NPY Y2 receptor. In view of this, all evidence showed that the pro-angiogenic effects of ZoaNPY involve the activation of NPY Y2 receptor, thereby activating the Akt/mTOR, PLC/PKC, ERK/MEK and Src- FAK-dependent signaling pathways. Furthermore, in an excision wound model, the treatment with ZoaNPY was shown to accelerate the wound healing process in mice. Our findings provide new insights into the discovery and development of novel pro-angiogenic drugs derived from NPY-like polypeptides in the future. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current wear monitoring approaches estimate the wear status based on indirect sensor signals and early failure detection at component level remains a big challenge. Given this, a novel coating system with built-in wear-sensing capability is developed, which displays strong potential for in-service monitoring and direct implementation on component surfaces. This coating system is composed of top anti-wear layer of diamond-like carbon (DLC) and Raman-sensing under-layer of crystalline silicon. To achieve reliable wear measurement, the impact of deposition parameters on controlling grain growth of silicon sensing layer is thoroughly investigated. The effectiveness in identifying different wear stages and reporting coating failure is fully demonstrated, which can significantly benefit the establishment of predictive maintenance strategies and savings in materials and energy. [Display omitted] • A novel coating system with built-in wear-sensing capability is developed. • This coating system can identify wear stages and report coating failure. • The environmental and economic benefits is evaluated by LCA and LCC. • This approach can benefit establishment of predictive maintenance strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the predictive energy management can be implemented in real-time with a short-term prediction of future driving condition. However, the completely precise prediction of future driving conditions and the determination of a reasonable predictive horizon remain quite difficult. To solve the above problems, we propose a variable horizon-based predictive energy management control method with adaptive SOC constraint, and more importantly, a reasonable predictive horizon is determined to balance global energy optimality and the cost of data sampling for the connected vehicles. Firstly, an integrated velocity predictor is proposed by combining Markov model and speed limits. Considering that the effect of information amount on prediction accuracy is opposite to that of predictive horizon, a new evaluation metric, namely predictive information entropy, is proposed to objectively evaluate the velocity prediction accuracy under different amounts of available information. Then, a variable horizon-based predictive energy management strategy is developed with the dynamically updated reference SOC. By comprehensively considering the effects of predictive horizon on prediction accuracy, real-time application and global optimality, a suitable predictive horizon should be set to 20s–30s to achieve a better fuel economy with a relatively low data sampling cost. • Propose a variable horizon-based predictive energy management. • Determine a suitable predictive horizon. • Propose predictive information entropy to evaluate prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide. However, the effect of NSAIDS on postoperative renal function is still unclear. Few studies have assessed the effects of parecoxib on renal function. Our aim is to investigate a correlation between parecoxib and the presence or absence of AKI postoperatively after a breast cancer surgery operation. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that we performed on our hospitalized database. From January 2012 to August 2021, 3542 female patients undergoing radical mastectomy were enrolled, all data including the patients' information and laboratory results were obtained from electronic medical system. The main outcome was the incidence of AKI postoperatively. AKI was defined in accordance with the KDIGO criteria. Study groups were treated with or without parecoxib. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In our study, about 5.76% experienced AKI. The incidence rate of postoperative AKI (3.49%) within 7 days in the parecoxib group was lower than that in the control group (6.00%, P = 0.05). Compared to the control group, the AKI's incidence was reduced by 49% (OR = 0.46; 95%CI 0.27–0.97) in parecoxib group in multivariable logistic regression analysis. There was a reduction in the incidence of postoperative AKI in other three subgroups: preoperative eGFR < 90 mL/min·1.73/m2 (OR = 0.52; 95%CI 0.27–0.97), blood loss < 1000 ml (OR = 0.48; 95%CI 0.24–0.96) and non-diabetes (OR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.26–0.98). Conclusions: Parecoxib was associated with incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The therapeutic effect of CAR-T is often accompanied by sCRS, which is the main obstacle to the promotion of CAR-T therapy. The JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib has recently been confirmed as clinically effective in maintaining control over sCRS, however, its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we firstly revealed that ruxolitinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of CAR-T cells without damaging viability, and induced an efficacy-favored differentiation phenotype. Second, ruxolitinib reduced the level of cytokine release not only from CAR-T cells, but also from other cells in the immune system. Third, the cytolytic activity of CAR-T cells was restored once the ruxolitinib was removed; however, the cytokines released from the CAR-T cells maintained an inhibited state to some degree. Finally, ruxolitinib significantly reduced the proliferation rate of CAR-T cells in vivo without affecting the therapeutic efficacy after withdrawal at the appropriate dose. We demonstrated pre-clinically that ruxolitinib interferes with both CAR-T cells and the other immune cells that play an important role in triggering sCRS reactions. This work provides useful and important scientific data for clinicians on the question of whether ruxolitinib has an effect on CAR-T cell function loss causing CAR-T treatment failure when applied in the treatment of sCRS, the answer to which is of great clinical significance. • Ruxolitinib inhibited CAR-T proliferation without damaging the viability. • Ruxolitinib reduced the cytokine level of the immune system. • Inhibition of CAR-T can be rapidly restored once the ruxolitinib was removed. • Ruxolitinib reduced CAR-T proliferation without affecting the therapeutic efficacy after withdrawal in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound-guided continuous thoracic paravertebral block can provide pain-relieving and opioid-sparing effects in patients receiving open hepatectomy. We hypothesize that these effects may improve the quality of recovery (QoR) after open hepatectomy. Seventy-six patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomized to receive a continuous thoracic paravertebral block with ropivacaine (CTPVB group) or normal saline (control group). All patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with morphine postoperatively for 48 hours. The primary outcome was the global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery score on postoperative day 7, which was statistically analyzed using Student's t-test. Thirty-six patients in the CTPVB group and 37 in the control group completed the study. Compared to the control group, the CTPVB group had significantly increased global Chinese 15-item Quality of Recovery scores (133.14 ± 12.97 vs. 122.62 ± 14.89, P = 0.002) on postoperative day 7. Postoperative pain scores and cumulative morphine consumption were significantly lower for up to 8 and 48 hours (P < 0.05; P = 0.002), respectively, in the CTPVB group. Perioperative CTPVB markably promotes patient's QoR after open hepatectomy with a profound analgesic effect in the early postoperative period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The preparation protocols for MXene-based NF membranes are presented. • The innovations in channels regulation and surface functionalization are discussed. • Customized modification strategies heighten the performances of MXene-based NF membranes. • The technological challenges and future directions are elaborated. MXene-based membranes have gained widespread attention in the field of water purification because of their excellent separation performance. However, three major obstacles are encountered in the performance improvement of MXene-based membranes including membrane fouling, trade-off effect and stability. The modification of MXene materials has become the most straightforward and effective solution to this problem. To date, the modification strategies for MXene-based membranes to enhance nanofiltration performance have not been systematically reviewed. In this review, this knowledge gap is addressed by systematically elucidating the efforts and innovations in the modification of MXene-based membranes. The distinctive preparation techniques for MXene nanosheets and membranes are briefly described. Various modification strategies for MXene materials, including the reconstruction of the interlayer nanochannels between MXene nanosheets and optimization of the MXene surface functional groups/charges, are comprehensively discussed. Moreover, future technological challenges, such as reproducibility, scale-up potential, and sustainability of MXene-based membranes are discussed in detail. These challenges are expected to serve as a source of motivation for future researchers to continue enhancing the characteristics of MXene materials to expedite the use of MXene membranes in practical industrial applications. This review provides novel insights into the design of advanced MXene-based membranes for water-separation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the value of salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) combined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance sialography (MRS) in predicting the results of labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) in patients with suspected primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), and construct a nomogram model to predict LSGB results. A total of 181 patients who were admitted with suspected pSS from December 2018 to April 2023 were examined and divided into a training set (n = 120) and a validation set (n = 61). Baseline data of the two groups were examined, and the value of SGUS, MRI, and MRS in predicting LSGB was analyzed. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to screen for risk factors, and nomogram prediction models were constructed using these results. In the training set, the SGUS, MRI, and MRS scores of patients in the LSGB + group were higher than those in the LSGB − group (all P < 0.001). The positive prediction value (PPV) was 91% for an SGUS score of 3, and 82% for MRI and MRS scores of 2 or more. We developed a nomogram prediction model based on SGUS, MRI, and MRS data, and it had a concordance index (C-index) of 0.94. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test (χ2 = 3.17, P = 0.92) also indicated the nomogram prediction model had good accuracy and calibration for prediction of LSGB results. A nomogram model based on SGUS, MRI, and MRS results can help rheumatologists decide whether LSGB should be performed in patients with suspected pSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tribofilms formed on coating surface can replace the original surface materials and dominate the final tribological behaviors. In-situ identification techniques of additive-derived tribofilm significantly contribute to understanding the tribo-chemical reaction mechanisms between additives and coatings. Here, a Raman-based profilometry was employed for in-situ identifying tribo-chemical products formed on a-C:H surface based on their distinct optical properties. By combining diverse characterization techniques, the effectiveness of Raman-based method was verified, and a surface-dependent tribofilm growth mechanism was proposed. It is suggested that the tribo-chemical reaction between additive-derived tribo-products and a-C:H is mainly governed by the Lewis acid-base property of coating surface under low contact pressure and temperature condition, highlighting the critical role of chemical property of coating surface in initiating tribofilm growth. [Display omitted] • Raman-based approach (RA) can effectively identify tribo-chemical products. • Lewis acid-base interaction governs tribofilm growth at low load and temperature. • RA provides new pathway to study tribofilm growth mechanism on coating surface. • RA benefits the design of novel lubricants for diverse coating materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collision accident caused by derailed trains is a potential safety hazard for the structure adjacent to high-speed rail lines. Concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns are frequently utilized in modern high-speed railway stations, however CFST station columns may suffer severe damage from train collisions because of their high impact energy. Therefore, the method of identifying CFST members' failure modes under large impact energy was investigated in this paper. Adopting numerical simulation by LS-DYNA, the corresponding relationship between the local indentation and impact process was researched, the characteristic impact force time-history curve was proposed, and the effects of impactor and CFST specimen parameters on impact force feature were analyzed. The plateau proportion was established and quantified, then the mapping relationship between plateau proportion and failure degree was acquired. Research results indicated that local indentation developed primarily at impact force plateau stage. CFST specimens showed bending deflection when plateau proportion was below 67.5%, experienced fracture failure when it was above 77%, and exhibited crack failure when it was in between respectively. Finally, the empirical formulas for plateau proportion and maximum deflection were established, and a simplified approach for predicting the failure modes was put forward. The research provides suggestions for identifying damage patterns and strengthening CFST columns subjected to lateral impact loads. • Analysis of the local indentation evolution. • Establish a physical indicator, plateau proportion. • Proposal of failure modes identification method for CFST members under lateral impact loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processes by which small nanoplastics (NPs) accumulate in soil are unclear. To clarify the different deposition processes that affect small NPs (< 30 nm) compared to larger NPs in the soil environment, due to their interaction with clays as major soil components, the transport behavior of two-sized NPs (20 and 80 nm) with two clays (diatomite (Diat) and montmorillonite (Mont)) in NaCl and CaCl 2 solutions were investigated in water-saturated quartz sand columns. The experimental results showed that more 20 nm NPs could enter the lattice structure of Diat than Mont in NaCl solution. This contributed to the stronger deposition of 20 nm NPs by Diat on sand, which was associated with a lower k 1d / k1 value (obtained from two-site kinetic attachment model). In contrast, 80 nm NPs had a stronger reversible retention than 20 nm NPs with Mont, even though both sizes of NPs-Mont displayed a similar transportability. In CaCl 2 solution, the larger NPs-Mont hetero-aggregates formed with a stronger suppressed depth of φ max based on Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory. Thus, Mont had a stronger transport inhibition than Diat for both NPs sizes, with a lower k 1d /k 1. These findings could benefit in predicting the size-based deposition of NPs in a heterogenous soil environment. [Display omitted] • 20 nm NPs deposition was stronger than 80 nm NPs with coexistence of diatomite. • Montmorillonite showed similar effect on 20 and 80 nm NPs deposition. • Relatively more 20 nm NPs entering diatomite lattice led to lower mobility in NaCl. • Larger NPs-montmorillonite showed higher retention than NPs-diatomite in CaCl 2. • K 1d /K 1 value of NPs was correlated linearly with DLVO φ max in presence of clays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of flat optics, the ability of optical elements to modulate the optical field has become increasingly powerful. Inspired by color router, we propose a method to achieve mid-wave infrared snapshot multispectral imaging using diffractive optical element which realizes wavelength splitting and focusing in a higher transmittance way. Based on a mid-wave infrared imaging system, multispectral imaging can be realized simply by placing the designed diffractive optical element in front of the detector. The feasibility of the method is verified by simulation experiments. We believe this is an effective way to implement mid-wave infrared snapshot multispectral imaging systems in the future. • Our method achieves infrared multispectral imaging in a higher transmittance way. • Our method is simple in structure, small in size and light in weight. • The feasibility of the method is verified by simulation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heart and brain are the core organs of the circulation and central nervous system, respectively, and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Early neuronal and cardiac damage affects organ function. The relationship between the heart and brain is being continuously investigated. Evidence-based medicine has revealed the concept of the "heart- brain axis," which may provide new therapeutic strategies for certain diseases. Takeda protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a metabolic regulator involved in energy homeostasis, bile acid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Inflammation is critical for the development and regeneration of the heart and brain during metabolic diseases. Herein, we discuss the role of TGR5 as a metabolic regulator of heart and brain development and injury to facilitate new therapeutic strategies for metabolic and ischemic diseases of the heart and brain. • There is a brain-heart axis and organ damage may be reduced by intervening fluid changes in brain and heart injury. • TGR5 is widely distributed in various types of cells, and is closely related to the metabolism and injury of brain and heart. • TGR5 may play a key role in brain and heart diseases, which become a potential treatment for diseases related to the brain and heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grouted sleeve connection (GSC) quality is crucial to the integrity and security for precast concrete structure. To enhance the GSC quality, a Grouting Material Vibrator Device (GMVD) was proposed in this study. Based on 12 half-grouted sleeve connection (HGSC) specimens, the test variables included rebar diameters (14 mm and 25 mm) and grouting situations (vibrated and non-vibrated), the enhancement effect of GMVD on grouting density and HGSC quality was verified through ultrasonic detecting test and uniaxial tensile test separately. The results indicated that: 1) After vibration of GMVD, the grouting density and quality was improved. 2) For HGSC specimens with rebar diameter of 14 mm, whether vibrated or non-vibrated, the rebar fracture failure was shown, and the mechanical properties were considered acceptable. 3) For HGSC specimens with rebar diameter of 25 mm, the vibration transformed failure mode from rebar slip to rebar fracture, and bond strength and ultimate bearing capacity was raised. After vibration, the mechanical properties were acceptable. 4) When the rebar diameter is larger, the influence of vibration on failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity is more obvious. The research results can provide reference for enhancement method of GSC quality. • Introduce a Grouting Material Vibrator Device. • Proposal of enhancement method for GSC. • Ultrasonic detecting technology and uniaxial tensile test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene nanosheets have been identified as promising building blocks for high-performance nanofiltration (NF) membranes in water purification. Herein, we report a series of amino acid-bonded Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene membranes with enhanced NF performance and antifouling properties via glycine (Gly), l -glutamic acid (L-Glu), l -lysine (L-Lys) or l -cysteine (L-Cys) modification. The physicochemical properties, separation performances and anti-fouling behaviors of the pure Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene membrane, Gly-, L-Glu-, L-Lys- and L-Cys-bonded Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene membranes were comparatively investigated. The stable Ti–N bonds were found between the amino acids and the MXene nanosheets and different amino acids lead to different properties of the corresponding membranes. While maintaining ultra-high rejections to various organic dyes, all the amino acid functionalized membranes exhibited enhanced water permeability (7.17–13.11 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) compared with that of the pure MXene membrane. Importantly, the Gly-bonded membrane showed the optimal separation performance with high salt rejections of 86.28%, 81.36%, 72.88% and 66.82% to MgSO 4 , MgCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4 and NaCl, respectively, and the membrane also exhibited superior anti-fouling property with a flux recovery rate of 80.59% to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The separation mechanism was further revealed which may offer a simple yet efficient way for enhancing 2D MXene-based NF membranes. [Display omitted] • Amino acid-bonded Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene nanofiltration membranes were prepared. • Four amino acids were used to functionalize the MXene laminates. • The prepared membranes exhibited enhanced water purification performance. • The glycine-bonded membrane demonstrates superior antifouling behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquiring accurate and timely datasets on tidal flat topography is fundamental for studies, management, and policy‐making in coastal zones. In this study, we report a fusion method of freely accessed and global‐scale Sentinel‐2 (imagery) and Ice,Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) (laser altimetry) datasets for deriving tidal flat topography. The basic idea is to construct a model on characterizing the specific relationship between the elevations of the tidal flat (from ICESat‐2 data) and corresponding inundation frequencies (from Sentinel‐2 time‐series). The proposed method was validated for the largest tidal flat on the Chinese continental shelf with a root mean square error of 0.23 m. We highlight that this method solely relies on satellite data and does not require any in‐situ data because ICESat‐2 provides dense and accurate along‐track points as valuable prior elevation information, which enhance the ability to obtain tidal flat topography in many coastal regions even in the absence of local in‐situ data. Plain Language Summary: Global tidal flat topography is still unavailable at present, although it is the foundation of many global‐scale coastal‐related issues, such as coastal vulnerability estimation to sea level rise and flooding, coastal wetland monitoring, habitat conservation, site selection of offshore wind farms and ports, and land use planning. To generate tidal flat topography, accurate vertical and horizontal information is simultaneously acquired. The Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) satellite provides dense three‐dimensional points with high vertical accuracy, which can replace field surveying (e.g., by handheld/airborne/shipborne devices) for obtaining these three‐dimensional points. The time‐series imagery of the Sentinel‐2 satellite can map accurate inundation frequencies of tidal flats (i.e., the frequency of a location heaves out or is covered by water due to ocean tides) with high horizontal resolution. Integrating the advantages of ICESat‐2 and Sentinel‐2 makes it possible to obtain global topography for tidal flats with only satellite remotely sensed data. With freely accessed and global‐scale ICESat‐2 and Sentinel‐2 data, it can be expanded to obtain tidal flat topography in many specific coastal regions or even globally. Key Points: A method to generate tidal flat topography in coastal zones was proposed using satellite remotely sensed dataIce,Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 provides accurate along‐track profiles as prior elevation information; therefore, in‐situ data are no longer neededGoogle Earth Engine was used to speed up implementation and can expand this method for large scale applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Recent advances in artificial intelligence, computer science, communication, sensing and actuation technologies have resulted in the development of several novel intelligent systems. At the same time, the emergence of nanogenerators has opened a new research avenue with the overarching goal of developing self-powered sensing systems. The concepts of self-powered sensing, based on nanogenerators and intelligent systems can be fused together to open a new area of interdisciplinary research. In this article, we aim to show how these two emerging technologies have been combined to develop self-powered intelligent sensing systems. We first focus on the main keywords in the area of nanogenerators. Keyword co-occurrence network graphs are generated based on the most used keywords in the area of nanogenerators to select key concepts that are directly connected to the concept of intelligent systems. Thus, a detailed review is provided on different intelligent self-powered sensing systems based on nanogenerators. We also discuss the challenges presented by combining intelligent systems and self-powered sensing. As most of intelligent devices rely on machine learning techniques, a comprehensive section is allocated to this topic to focus on its applications in nanogenerator-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel model-based observer algorithm to address issues associated with nonlinear suspension system state estimation using interacting multiple model unscented Kalman Filters (IMMUKF) under various road excitation. Due to the fact that practical working condition is complex for the suspension system, e.g. additional load. Meanwhile, the changed sprung mass parameter will induce model changed of suspension system, and it can lead to state transition between various models. To tackle the mentioned issue, the models of road profile and suspension system are first established to describe the nonlinear suspension dynamics. Then, considering the variation of sprung mass under various movement conditions, an unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm is proposed to identify the sprung mass. Based on the interacting multiple model (IMM) and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) theory, a novel IMMUKF observer is developed to estimate the movement state of suspension system. The stability conditions for the proposed observer is calculated using the stochastic stability theory. Finally, simulations and validations are performed on a quarter vehicle suspension system under various ISO road excitations, to validate the UKF and IMMUKF algorithms for acquiring suspension system states, and results illustrate that the maximum root mean square error of state estimation for the proposed algorithm is less than 7.5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the overall properties of the China's stock market affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide a comprehensive study of the multifractal properties across stock market sectors applying multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA). We focus on intra-day 5 min transaction data of 10 sectors in the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and the time-depended MF-DFA was also used to explore the dynamical evolution of the multifractal characterize for the overall period. We found that all sectors exhibit stronger multifractality and the weak market efficiency during the period of COVID-19, MHII performed best with the lower multifractal properties and higher market efficiency, three worse performers were ITII, TBII, and EII. While ITII, TBII, MCII, and UII were the four fastest recovering sectors from the gloom of the epidemic, with the plummeted multifractal intensity and the significantly increased market efficiency for the post-phase of the pandemic. The results based on the time-varying MF-DFA confirmed that the Chinese stock market is not only affected by the COVID-19 epidemic domestic but the impact of the US stock market crash in March was also transmitted to it, causing those industries sensitive to the market to fluctuate subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]