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Conservation and management of endangered species are crucial to reveal the restriction mechanisms of climate change on the distribution change pattern of endangered species. Due to human interference and a limited natural capacity for regeneration, the wild resources of Ormosia microphylla Merr. & H. Y. Chen have progressively dwindled. Therefore, this study reconstructed the historical migration dynamics of the geographical distribution of O. microphylla since the last interglacial period and analyzed its adaptation to climatic conditions, aiming to provide an important reference for the protection of O. microphylla. Using data from 40 distribution resources of O. microphylla and nine climate factors, an optimized MaxEnt model, in conjunction with ArcGIS 10.4.1 software, was used for predicting and visualizing the distribution ranges and the associated changes under historical, current, and future climate scenarios. This analysis was also used to determine the dominant climate factors constraining the distribution of species. The results show that contemporary suitable habitats of O. microphylla are primarily concentrated in the mountainous regions of southern China, including Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou. The precipitation of driest quarter (bio17), the temperature seasonality (bio4), the min temperature of coldest month (bio6), and the elevation (elev) were the key limiting factors in the current geographical distribution pattern of O. microphylla. In the SSP126 and SSP585 climate scenarios, the total suitable area of O. microphylla showed a downward trend. The change in the spatial pattern of O. microphylla shows that the increase area is less than the loss area under different climate scenarios in the future. Climate warming may cause fragmentation risk to the suitable area of O. microphylla. Therefore, the corresponding protection suggestions bear significant importance for the conservation and sustainable development of O. microphylla resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium trioxide (V2O3) has emerged as one of the promising candidates for fiber‐shaped supercapacitors. However, irreversible redox behavior during prolonged cycling process has been commonly reported due to the intrinsically distorted VO6 octahedron in V2O3, which inevitably compromises its electrochemical capacitance. Herein, a strategy to simultaneously mitigate the distortion in VO6 octahedron and optimization of electronic structure in V2O3 is proposed by studying a Mo‐doped V2O3 modified stainless steel wire (Mo‐V2O3@SSW). The introduction of Mo dopants effectively tunes the V–O local environment, resulting in a substantial alleviation of the distortion in VO6 octahedron. The as‐prepared Mo‐V2O3 with a more regular VO6 octahedron exhibits highly reversible redox behavior, with negligible structural change after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, it is found that doping Mo into V2O3 leads to V 3d band broadening, which generates more electronic states around Fermi level, thereby significantly accelerating the electron transfer during redox processes. Consequently, Mo‐V2O3@SSW attains a capacitance of 774.4 mF cm−2 at 0.4 mA cm−2, with a capacitance retention of 85.49% after 10 000 cycles. And the integration of Mo‐V2O3@SSW supercapacitors, further showcases its strong applicability in wearable technologies. The comprehensive understanding of the structural–activity/stability relationship in this study offers a novel paradigm for developing flexible high‐performing supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, due to its flexibility and ease of integration into wearable electronics, interest in fiber‐shaped batteries (FSBs) is burgeoning. While there is much research focused on improving the electrochemical performance of FSBs, little work is done to evaluate the safety and comfort of integrated FSBs for wearable electronics, which will significantly hinder the further development of high‐performance FSBs and their commercialization. In this review, the design, integration, and evaluation of FSBs incorporated in common textiles are fully discussed. Traditional textile characterization techniques and modern methods to evaluate its durability are also summarized. Finally, in view of developing commercial wearable battery textiles, a perspective toward improving the design of high‐performance FSB is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments on microwave pyrolysis of soybean straw are studied to produce hydrogen-rich gas under CO2 atmosphere in this paper. The microwave power has an important effect on the temperature. The final temperature increases and the time to obtain the highest temperature is shortened with the power increasing. The gas yield, H2 yield and potential H2 yield increase rapidly with the power increasing, and the gaseous yield at CO2 atmosphere is up to 55.70% at 1000 W, and it is higher than N2 atmosphere. The main components of microwave pyrolysis gas product are H2 and CO, the content of syngas (H2+ CO) at CO2 atmosphere is 84.19% at 1000 W, which is more than N2 atmosphere. However, H2/CO ratio is about 0.80 at CO2 atmosphere, which is lower than N2 atmosphere, and H2/CO ratio at CO2 atmosphere is not suitable for the requirements of chemical synthesis. If it is used to synthesize liquid fuels, H2/CO ratio must be adjusted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that either the boryl formate (HCOOBR2), bis(boryl)acetal (R2BOCH2OBR2), or methoxy borane (R2BOCH3) product of CO2 reduction is selectively afforded adopting the nickel (Ni) pincer catalyst by changing the properties of borane reductants. To obtain an insight into the influence of borane reductants on the selectivity of hydroboration of CO2 catalyzed by (tBuPCP)NiH , a density functional theory (DFT) computational study is performed with three different boranes (HBcat (catecholborane), 9-BBN (9-borabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane), and HBpin (pinacolborane)). The detailed formation and conversion of four-electron product R2BOCH2OBR2 were considered for the first time, combining with the three sequential catalytic cycle mechanism, and the calculated results demonstrate that the distinctions of the electronic process in some key intermediates and transition states lead to the selectivity on products for different borane reductants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One-dimensional graphene fibers (GFs) possess excellent properties, including high electrical conductivity, good physical and chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, flexibility, etc. GFs are ideal electrode materials for fiber-shaped supercapacitors. However, due to the lack of an effective method to manufacture GFs with high specific capacitance, their low energy density hinders their practical application. Herein, we decorated wet-spun graphene oxide fibers (GOFs) by dip-coating them with graphene oxide (GO) solutions containing different contents of lignin to obtain a core-sheath lignin/GO composite fibers. After carbonization and activation, we successfully prepared lignin derived carbon/GF electrodes. The assembled fibershaped supercapacitors (FSSCs) exhibit a specific capacitance of 9. 98 mF/cm2 and an energy density of 0.89 pW • h/cm2, about 6 times of those of pure GFs (1.57 mF/cm2 and 0.14 jxW • h/cm2, respectively), long cycling life and cycling stability. This suggests that the introduction of lignin derived carbon into GFs can effectively increase the specific capacitance and the energy density of FSSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroboration of carbon dioxide (CO2) catalysed by bis(phosphinite) (POCOP) pincer nickel complexes is among the most efficient homogeneous processes for the reduction of CO2 to the methanol level. Although both POCOP pincer nickel hydride and thiolate complexes are effective catalysts, the latter is far more effective under the same conditions. The mechanism for nickel hydride complexes catalysed reactions is well-established. However, that for nickel thiolate complex catalysed reactions remains elusive. In this work, the mechanism for the reduction of CO2 catalysed by POCOP pincer nickel thiolate complexes was investigated using density functional theory. The calculated results indicated that the reaction occurs via a concerted catalytic process involving two active species and the hydride is transferred by a shuttle species. Specifically, the reaction proceeds through four cycles: formation of two active species (cycle I) followed by further reaction of these two species to form a hydride transfer shuttle which is responsible for hydride transfers CO2→HCOOBcat (cycle II), HCOOBcat→CH2O (cycle III) and CH2O→catBOCH3 (cycle IV). The calculated mechanism is in good agreement with the experimental observation that the reaction is exothermic with simultaneous HBcat degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A stable solid acid catalyst, SCPR140‐1, was synthesized from chloromethyl polystyrene resin (CPR) and used for catalytic pretreatment of corncob in aqueous solution. Under the optimized pretreatment condition, 73.07 % of xylose was directly obtained, and the enzymatic digestibility of treated residue reached up to 94.65 %, indicating that the SCPR140‐1 had high selectivity for xylose production and effectively deconstructed the structure of corncob. The −CH2Cl group of CPR was substituted by −SO3H through the sulfonation, and the −SO3H was stably bound on the catalyst during the pretreatment process. Compared with other similar reports, the SCPR140‐1 was not only synthesized through a simpler process but also had a more stable catalytic activity during multiple recycling runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high‐performance, low‐loading, Ir‐based electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media is still a great challenge. Herein, we fabricated an iridium manganese catalyst with only 5 % iridium. The influence of the manganese dioxide phase states (α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐MnO2) on the OER performance of IrO2/MnO2 catalysts was investigated. α‐MnO2, as the substrate, can generate smaller iridium particles and more high‐valence‐state iridium to promote OER performance. Therefore, the 5 % IrO2/α‐MnO2 electrocatalyst exhibits excellent electrocatalytic OER performance with a high mass activity of 216.67 A/gIr and 655.33 A/gIr at 1.53 V in acidic and alkaline media, respectively, significantly outperforming commercial IrO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of steam and CO2 reforming of bio‐oil is proposed in this article. The combined reforming can make good use of the advantages of steam reforming and CO2 reforming. The results indicate that H2 yield, potential H2 yield, and H2/CO were 60.23, 81.97, and 2.77%, respectively, at the condition of 700°C and bio‐oil:CO2:H2O = 1:0.5:1.5. Bio‐oil:CO2:H2O has a significant effect on the H2 yield, potential H2 yield, and H2/CO in the process of combined reforming. A different ratio of H2/CO can be obtained by adjusting the proportion of bio‐oil:CO2:H2O, which can meet different industry requirements. The results of X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses indicate that the catalyst deactivation was the result of a combination of carbon deposition and Ni grain sintering, and the carbon deposition was a main reason for the catalyst deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Kai Huang, Suping Zhang, Qingli Xu, Zhengwei Ren, Yongjie Yan The apparent activation energy of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated by the use of magnesium methoxide as solid base catalyst. The effect of variations in reaction time and temperature (50-65°C) on the macro reaction rate were studied while the molar ratio of methanol to oil (9 : 1) and the mass ration of catalyst to oil (8 wt%) were held. The experimental data were curve-fitted by using Origin software, and the relationship of FAME concentration with the reaction time was given, and the apparent activation energy was calculated. The total apparent activation energy was 46.3878 kJ mol−1 and k0 was 5.9112 × 105 L mol−1 min−1. And the apparent activation energies of each fatty acid composition were 36.16, 39.54, 54.23, 43.50 and 32.15 kJ mol−1 for the palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, respectively.

Byline: Wei Qi, Suping Zhang, Qingli Xu, Zhenxing Zhu, Zhengwei Ren, Yongjie Yan In the technology of manufacturing fuel alcohol from biomass as feedstock, hydrolysis using dilute acid as catalyst is one way to produce fermentable saccharide. In this process, the yield of xylose is always low because of the degrading during the acid environment. In this paper, the degrading kinetics of xylose in the hydrolysate was investigated under the conventional process conditions of the hydrogen ion range from 0.05 to 0.2 mol L−1 and the temperature range from 150 to 200°C. Through the numerical calculation method, the kinetic parameters were estimated and the activation energy of xylose in the degrading reaction was obtained. The kinetic equations that correlated the effect of hydrogen ion concentration on the rate constants of the degrading reaction were established. Comparisons between calculated results and the experimental results have proved that the established kinetic model can satisfactorily predict the degradation behaviours of xylose in the acidic hydrolysate.