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Using benzoyl hydrazide and benzoyl chloride with different end-capping structures, three kinds of organic hydrazide nucleating agents, 1, 4-dibenzoyl p-phenylhydrazide (BTAD), 1, 4-bis(4-methylbenzoyl) p-phenylhydrazide (BTAD-CH3) and 1, 4-bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl) p-phenylhydrazide [BTAD-(CH3)3], were prepared by coupling reaction. Their effects on crystallization behavior, mechanical properties and heat resistance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were also discussed. The results show that when the addition of nuclearing agents BTAD, BTAD-CH3 and BTAD-(CH3)3 are 1.0%, the crystallization peak temperature (Tc) of PET is increased by 51, 53, 56 °C, respectively, and the crystallinity (Xc) is increased from 18.1% to 26.3%, 26.9% and 29.7%, respectively. BTAD-(CH3)3 can further refine the size of PET spherulite and show better nucleation effect. When BTAD-(CH3)3 is added at 2.0%, the bending modulus of PET composites is increased to 2 675 MPa, with an increase of 22%, and the Vicat softening temperature and thermal deformation temperature are increased by 60 °C and 10 °C, respectively, compared with PET, and the mechanical properties and heat resistance are improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Runaway reactions of organic peroxides (OPs) are a significant issue in process safety, due to their fragile bonds and extensive heat release during abnormal conditions. As one of the typical OPs and an intermediate in the process of producing phenol, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) is likely to mix with its products and lead to an uncontrollable self‐accelerating decomposition reaction. In this study, the thermal hazard of CHP mixed with four products separately was evaluated and identified using accelerating rate calorimeter technology. Experimental data illustrated that the maximum pressure rise rate had greatly increased from 1.1 to 15.5, 18.3, and 41.5 bar min−1, and the maximum self‐heating rate had dreadfully raised from 5.4 to 107.7, 116.9, and 231.0°C min−1, when CHP mixed with its products from methanol to phenol, acetophenone, or dimethylphenyl carbinol, respectively. These phenomena indicated a precarious and dangerous reaction decomposition mechanism of CHP after its products mixed under runaway conditions. This work is expected to help researchers and even industrial workers to better identify the potential thermal hazard of CHP in the presence of products; in particular, experimental and calculated parameters are necessary for the appropriate choice of safe conditions of application, waste disposal, storage, and transportation of CHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The processing of Chinese medicine is a unique and dialectical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine in clinic.The processing theory of "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver" is one of the traditional processing theories of Chinese medicine.The vinegar-processing Chinese medicine under the guidance of the processing theory typically reflects the characteristics of "reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy" of the processing of Chinese medicine.This paper traced the origin and discussed the connotation of the traditional theory of "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver".Combined with the research status of "lea-ding vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver", this paper explored the mechanism of "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver" from the aspects of material basis, medicine effect, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) meridian, and analyzed the existing problems in the current research.This paper reviewed the modern study on reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of vinegar-processing Chinese medicine, and deeply explored the scientific connotation of the traditional processing theory of "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver".At the same time, the research trend and idea of the effect mechanism of "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver" based on the Quality markers(Q-Marker) of TCM, biological targets, and clinical prescriptions were put forward, providing references for the further study on "leading vinegar-processing Chinese medicine into liver".This paper also provided a scientific basis for the rational selection of processed products in TCM clinical practice.

Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of punicosides on alcohol induced acute liver injury in mice and its possible mechanisms as well., Method: The 60 mice were randomly divided into normal control, model group, three dose groups of punicosides with low, medium and high, then there is silibinin group. Three dose groups of punicosides and silibinin were given in advance by gavage for 4 weeks, then the mouse model of alcoholic acute liver injury was established. The serum levels of ALT, AST and TG were determined, and the mice were killed to calculate somatic index of liver, thymus as well as spleen. MDA, SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST were detected in the liver homogenate. Histopathological changes of the liver were observed by HE staining. The expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in the liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry., Result: Mid and high dose of punicosides reduced the liver index in mice significantly, improved liver steatosis, decreased the level of ALT, AST and TG in serum and the content of MDA in liver homogenate, furthermore the two dose groups increased the activity of SOD, GSH-Px and GSH-ST, inhibited the expression of MCP-1 and NF-kappaB in liver tissue., Conclusion: Punicosides can protect the acute liver damage induced by alcohol.