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The grasshopper Subfamily Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Eumastacidae) is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. This paper describes three new species: Ptygomastax nihilsulcus Ge, sp. nov. Phytomastax pentaspinula Ge, sp. nov. and Pentaspinula unispinula Ge, sp. nov. of the subfamily from the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, along with an updated identification key of species of the related genera. Detail figures of the body and genitalia of the new species are also provided.

Conservation genomic resources over the past decade has drastically improved, since genomes can be used to predict diverse parameters vital to conservation management. Luehdorfia taibai is an endemic butterfly only found in restricted aeras in middle-west China and is critically endangered. It was classfied as a vunerlable (VN) species in the “China species red list.” Here we generated 34.38 Gb of raw DNA sequencing reads and obtained a high-qualified draft genome assembly of L. taibai. The final genome is ~683.3 Mb, with contig N50 size of 10.19 Mb. Further, 98.6% of single-copy orthologous genes have been recovered by BUSCO. An estimated 42.34% of the genome of L. taibai consists of repetitive elements. Combined with gene prediction and transcriptome sequencing, genome annotation produced 15,968 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a nearly 1:1 orthology ratio of syntenic blocks between L. taibai and its closest genome Luehdorfia chinensis suggested that the genome structures have not changed much after speciation. The genome of L. taibai have not undergone a whole genome duplication event. Population dynamics analyses indicates that L. taibai has an extremely low heterozygosity of 0.057%, and its population size has declined dramatically over the past 10 thousand years. Our study describes a draft genome assembly of the L. taibai, the first implication of this species. We consider the globally overexploited of the host plants is not the main reason to threaten L. taibai. The genome will provide advice for the conservation to the economically important Luehdorfia lineage and this specific species.

Phytomastax pentaspinula Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂, paratypes: 2 ♂, 3 ♀. China, Jiangda (Tibet), 3903 m, (31°63’94’’N 98°43’67’’E), August 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 2). Body size small, head distinctly higher than pronotum, shorter than the length of pronotum; vertex slightly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct, anterior margin and lateral margin of vertex with distinct keels; face oblique in profile, forming a round fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened margins between antennae, constricted above the lateral ocellus and below the median ocellus, prominent between antennae basal in profile; antennae clavate, with 21 segments and apical six segments distinctly wider, distinctly longer than front femur; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and 1.3 times than the length of subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, with distinct median and lateral keels, lateral keels irregularly curved, its anterior margin incised mesally forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel, mesosternal interspace almost 3 times wider than long; metasternum lobes adjacent; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 5 times longer than its width, upper median keel smooth with one apical spine; lower and upper lobes of hind knee above with short spines; hind tibia with 17 spines on outer and inner sides, external apical spine present, inner spurs length different, upper spur length 1.67 times longer than lower spur, first segment of hind tarsus above with 3 inner and 4 outer teeth; arolium tiny; tergum with distinct median and lateral keels; tympanal organ absent; epiproct small triangle, cerci long conical, slightly longer than epiproct, subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 2E); epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with small flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 2G); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 2H). Female. Similar to male but larger and more robust; tergum lateral keels distinct; cerci long conical with acute apex; outer side of dorsal valves with serrate teeth, apex acute; outer side of ventral valves with big teeth, apex hooklike; the middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with conical prominent, acute apex (Fig. 2F). Coloration. Body dark-brown; apical second to sixth segments of antennae black-brown, apical first segment antennae yellow; sternum and tergum yellowish; a yellowish-brown band running along the dorsal surface of the mesothorax and continuing to the eighth abdominal segment; anterior, median and hind femurs with gray and darkbrownish stripe; epiproct and cerci yellowish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. Body length: ♂ 13.8-14.3 mm, ♀ 17.3-17.8 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 1.6-1.8 mm, ♀ 1.9-2.0 mm; hind femur: ♂ 8.5-8.8 mm, ♀ 9.4-10.1 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 21 segments. Hind femur with 5 spines. Epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with small flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Phytomastax pentaspinula sp. nov. is similar to Phytomastax tianshanensis Zheng et Xi, 1994 China, Xinjiang, Tekes. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 2.

Pentaspinula unispinula Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂. China, Jiangda (Tibet), 4345 m, (31��34���49������N 98��05���52������E), August, 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi���an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 3). Body compressed, with smaller size; head shorter than the length of pronotum, fastigium of vertex with truncate apex, slightly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct, anterior margin and lateral margin of vertex with distinct keels, face oblique in profile, forming a blunt angle fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened at vertex, constricted above the lateral ocellus and parallel to median ocellus, constricted under median ocellus and parallel to clypeus, prominent between antennae; antennae clavate, longer than head and pronotum together and 15 segments; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and 1.2 times than the length of subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, with distinct median keel and irregular lateral keels, its anterior margin subtruncate, posterior margin strongly incised mesally, forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel; width of mesosternum lobes interspace almost 4 times than length; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 4.8 times longer than its width, upper median keel smooth, with one spine; hind tibia with 12 outer and 11 inner spines; apex of the lower outer side with one spine near the lower spur, inner side spurs length different, upper spur length 1.5 times longer than lower spur, outer side spurs length equal; first segment of hind tarsus above with one inner and three outer teeth; arolium of tarsus tiny; tergum with distinct median and lateral keels; epiproct triangle, apex slightly narrow; cerci long conical, apex blunt, its length more than tip of epiproct; subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 3C); epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 3D); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two small flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 3E). Female unknown. Coloration. Body dark-brown; apical second to sixth segments of antennae black-brown, apical first segment antennae yellowish; sternum and tergum yellowish-brown; anterior, median and hind femurs with gray and darkbrown stripe; a yellowish-brown band running along the dorsal surface of the mesothorax and continuing to the eighth abdominal segment; epiproct and cerci brownish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. Body length: ♂ 11.4 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 1.5 mm; hind femur: ♂ 7.8 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 15 segments. Hind femur with 1 spine. Epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two small flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Pentaspinula unispinula sp. nov. is similar to Pentaspinula calcara Yin, 1979 China, Tibet, Pulan. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 3., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029

Revised identification key of Gomphomastacinae genera of China. 1. Antennae longer, with 25 segments, its length longer than hind femur....... Gomphomastax Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898. 1��� Antennae shorter, with 11~22 segments, its length not longer than hind femur..................................... 2 2. Apex of hind femur without spine........................................................................ 3 2��� Apex of the hind femur with 1~5 spines................................................................... 6 3. Antennae shorter, with 11 segments, its length almost as long as width; head not exceeding compound eyes............................................................................................ Myrmeleomastax Yin, 1984. 3��� Antennae shorter, with 12~19 segments, its length longer than width; head exceeding compound eyes.................. 4 4. Antennae shorter, with 19 segments, reaching the basal part of hind femur in male; face with promontory, parallel on both sides................................................................................................................................................................................... Sinomastax Yin, 1984. 4��� Antennae shorter, with 12~15 segments, not reaching the basal part of hind femur in male; promontory of face wider between antennae............................................................................................. 5 5. Antennae 13~15 segments......................................................... Ptygomastax Bienko, 1959. 5��� Antennae 12 segments............................................................ Angulomastax Zheng, 1985. 6. Antennae with 21~24 segments.................................................... Phytomastax Bienko, 1949. 6��� Antennae with 15 segments........................................................... Pentaspinula Yin, 1979., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029, {"references":["Yin, X. C. (1984) s. n. In: Grasshoppers and locusts from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 19 - 24.","Zheng, Z. (1985) A new genus and a new species of Eumastacidae from Qinghai Province. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University Natural Science, 1985 (1), 70 - 73. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Ptygomastax nihilsulcus Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂, paratypes: 1 ♂, 2 ♀. China, Luhuo (Sichuan), 4229 m, (31°73’89’’N 100°75’33’’E), August, 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body size small, head shorter than the length of pronotum; vertex wide, distinctly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct; face slightly oblique in profile, forming a rectangular fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened margins between antennae, constricted above the lateral ocellus and below the median ocellus, slightly rounded prominent; antennae clavate, shorter and thicker, with 14 segments and slightly wider in apical part, antennal organ on the tenth segment; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and almost of equal diameter with subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, without transverse sulci, median keel sharp and distinct, lateral keels irregularly curved, posterior margin incised mesally forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel, lateral lobes of pronotum with an oblique keel; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 5.2 times longer than its width, median keel of upper side smooth without spine, the lower lobe of knee blunt; hind tibia with 15~17spines on outer side and 11~13 spines on inner side; first segment of hind tarsus with 3 inner and 4 outer spines; with equal claw, arolium of tarsus tiny; tergum with distinct median keel, lateral keels clearly visible before fifth segment; tympanal organ absent; epiproct triangle; cerci long conical, apex blunt, extending to the tip of epiproct; subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 1E); epiphallus bridged, lophi thick and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with big flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 1G); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two big flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 1H). Female. Similar to male but larger and more robust; fastigium of vertex bifid on the anterior margin; outer side of dorsal valves with serrate teeth and acute apex; outer side of ventral valves with big teeth, apex hooklike; cerci short conical; the middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with conical prominent, apex acute (Fig. 1F). Coloration. Body dark-brownish; antennae brown, apical segments of antennae black-brownish; oblique keel on lateral lobe of pronotum yellowish-brown; sternum gray-brown; between median keel and lateral keel of tergum yellow; epiproct and cerci yellowish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. (In mm) Body length: ♂ 14.1-15.4 mm, ♀ 19.1-21.4 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 2.3 mm, ♀ 2.3 mm; hind femur: ♂ 11.1-11.3 mm, ♀ 11.2-11.4 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 14 segments. Pronotum without transverse sulci. Hind femur without spine. Epiphallus bridged, lophi thick and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with big flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two big flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Ptygomastax nihilsulcus sp. nov. is similar to Ptygomastax longifemora Yin, 1984 China, Qinghai, Guinan. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 1.

Key to Pentaspinula species 1. Antennae 15 segments, apical of hind femur with 5 spines........................... Pentaspinula calcara Yin, 1979. 1��� Antennae 15 segments, apical of hind femur with 1 spine........................... Pentaspinula unispinula sp. nov., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029

Key to Heteracris species from the southern part of Cameroon 1. Body generally greenish or yellowish; externo-median surface of posterior femur yellow or green proximally, with or without proximal, median and distal black-brown spots or bands; posterior tibiae bright red, basal part with a yellow band framed by two black band...................................................................... Heteracris guineensis 1���. Body generally light brown, externo-median surface of posterior femur brown proximally, with or without proximal, median and distal black-brown spots or bands; posterior tibiae half dark basal, with a clear basal............................ 2 2. Hind wings blue at base........................................................... Heteracris hannai sp. nov. 2���. Hind wings hyaline, sometimes red-orange at base.......................................................... 3 3. Valves of cingulum slightly longer than the apical valves of penis.......................... Heteracris lecoqi sp. nov. 3���. Valves of cingulum much longer than the apical valves of penis.................................... Heteracris leani, Published as part of Wandji, Alain Christel, Yetchom-Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Kekeunou, S��vilor, Kenne, Martin, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tindo, Maurice, Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Mbadjoun-Nzike, Marcelle, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Djomnang-Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel & Fomena, Abraham, 2021, Description of Heteracris lecoqi Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou sp. nov. and Heteracris hannai Wandji & Kekeunou sp. nov. and redescription of Heteracris guineensis (Krauss, 1890) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with comments on its ecology in the Southern part of Cameroon, pp. 95-106 in Zootaxa 4915 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4452499

Heteracris lecoqi Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou sp. nov. Material examined: Holotype: 1 male, Cameroon, Littoral region, type locality: Mbongu��, 4��21���25���N, 9��35���22������E; fallows, 05 Feb 2015. Coll. Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou; sweep net; deposited in the Zoology Research Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Cameroon (ZRULBPAOUDC). Paratype: 1 male, Cameroon, Littoral region, type locality: Sol�� 4��36���00������N, 9��48���00������E; fallows, 05 Mar 2018. Coll. Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou; sweep net; deposited in the Zoology Research Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Cameroon (ZRULBPAOUDC). Etymology: named in honor of Dr. Michel Lecoq who has contributed to the knowledge of Afrotropical grasshoppers. Diagnosis: basal part in male cercus longer, apex flattened and obtuse, curved downwards; lophus strongly curved anteriorly; interlophal space with V-shape structure; external margins of lateral plates flexuous; apodemes of cingulum thin, arched and convergent, forming an almost V-shaped structure; cingulum valves in lateral view slightly longer than the apical valves of penis; rami of cingulum in ventral view fused anteriorly, endophallic sclerites partly free; posterior tibiae darkish, with a clear basal ring and bluish apical half; hind wings hyalines, with tips infumate. Description: male: 22.01 �� 2.01 mm (n = 2 individuals), integument slightly rugose; head slightly conical and oblique; fastigial foveolea present; medium eyes; fastigium of vertex short, with truncated apex, median carinulae absent; antenna filiform, longer than head and pronotum together; pronotum weakly tectiform, with lateral and median carinae crossed by three sulcus; metazona shorter than prozona with anobtuse posterior margin; longitudinal median strip of the pronotum darkish and wider than the adjacent light strip; tegmina and wings with rounded apex; tympanum present; prosternal process cylindrical, flattened at the base and forming with the prothoracic presternite a collar-like; mesosternal interspace open, longer than wide; male supra-anal plate conical, with a transverse ridge on the middle area; male cercus with longer basal part and flattened, obtuse and downcurved apical part (fig. 2d); subgenital plate short and conical; epiphallus short, compressed, with a wide bridge; ancorae well developed, curved and with acute apex; lophus large, lobiform and strongly curved upwards; interlophal space forming a Vshaped structure, with a proximal protuberance (fig. 3IIb); external margins of lateral plates flexuous. Ectophallus and endophllus robust (fig. 3IIe, 3IIh and 3IIk), zygoma wide; rami of cingulum well developed, in ventral view fused anteriorly and leaving free a part of endophallic sclerites; apodemes of cingulum thin, arched and convergent, almost V-shaped structure; basal and apical valves of penis connected by a sclerotized flexion; apical valves of penis with strongly curved upwards; valves of cingulum slightly longer than the apical valves of penis; apical valves elongated and weakly sclerotized. Coloration (fig. 2c): body generally light brown; posterior margin of eyes yellow highlighted; presence of two black bands in the medio-internal area of posterior femurs; external area with two brown-black median spots, sometimes weakly pronounced; posterior tibiae darkish in basal half, with a clear basal ring, and bluish in apical half; hind wing hyaline, with tips infumate. Female unknown. Ecology: only two adults of Heteracris lecoqi sp. nov. were captured respectively in February and March in fallows in the Littoral ever-green forest zone of Cameroon., Published as part of Wandji, Alain Christel, Yetchom-Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Kekeunou, S��vilor, Kenne, Martin, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tindo, Maurice, Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Mbadjoun-Nzike, Marcelle, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Djomnang-Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel & Fomena, Abraham, 2021, Description of Heteracris lecoqi Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou sp. nov. and Heteracris hannai Wandji & Kekeunou sp. nov. and redescription of Heteracris guineensis (Krauss, 1890) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with comments on its ecology in the Southern part of Cameroon, pp. 95-106 in Zootaxa 4915 (1) on pages 98-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4452499

Heteracris hannai Wandji & Kekeunou sp. nov. Material examined: Holotype: 1 male, Cameroon, Centre region, type locality: Talba (4°37’704”N, 11°29’815”E); fallows, 26 May 2016; Coll. Wandji & Kekeunou; sweep net; deposited in the Zoology Laboratory, of University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon (ZLUYC). Paratype: 1 male, Cameroon, Centre region, type locality: Talba (4°37’704”N, 11°29’815”E); fallows, 26 May 2016; Coll. Wandji & Kekeunou; sweep net; deposited in the Zoology Laboratory, of University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon (ZLUYC). Other material studied: 1 male and 1 female from Bangoulap (5°06’013”N, 10°32’332”E), 2 females from Kumba (4°39’101”N, 9°24’502”E), 8 males and 9 females from Talba (4°37’704”N, 11°29’815”E), and 1 female from Tombel (4°45’359”N, 9°40’215”E); deposited in the Zoology Laboratory, of University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon (ZLUYC). Etymology: The new species is named in honor of Dr. Rachid Hanna, former Cameroon IITA representative for his research interests. Diagnosis: male cercus curved inwards with rounded apex; lophus with curved posterior margin in profile view; interlophal space forming a U-shaped structure; external margins of lateral plates straight; apodemes of cingulum robust, slightly parallel and forming a U- shaped structure; valves of cingulum shorter than apical valves of penis in lateral view; rami of the cingulum in ventral view strongly opened, leaving free the endophallic sclerites; hind wings blue at base; posterior femur robust; black posterior tibias, with a white basal ring; tibiae spines fully black. Description: male: length of body 25.85 ± 1.55 mm (n = 5 individuals), female: length of body 45.85 ± 2.95 mm (n = 5 individuals). Integument finely rugose; antenna filiform, slightly widened and thickened in middle, longer than head and pronotum together; large and ridged eyes; fastigium of vertex short, with truncated apex; pronotum slightly tectiform, with weak lateral carinae; median carina raised and crossed by three sulci; metazona slightly longer than prozona, its posterior margin excurved; prosternal process cylindrical, with rounded apex; tegmina and wings fully developed, with rounded apex; tympanum present; hind femur moderately widened; male supra-anal plate conical, with a transverse sulcus on the middle field; male cercus curved inward and almost in contact one to another (fig. 2f); male subgenital plate conical. Bridge of epiphallus strongly excurved; ancorae swavying with a hooked apex; lophi lobiform, with curved posterior margin; interlophal space forming a U-shaped structure; external margins of lateral plates straight; anterior projections large, posterior ones narrow (fig. 3IIIc); apodemes of cingulum robust, slightly parallel, forming a U-shaped structure and not reaching the apex of basal valves of penis; valves of cingulum in lateral view, strongly exceeded the apex of apical valves of penis; rami of the cingulum in ventral view strongly opened, leaving free the endophallic sclerites (fig. 3IIIf, 3IIIi and 3IIIl). Coloration (fig. 2e): body generally brown to gray; elytra black laterally and yellowish dorsally; hind wings at base blue; posterior tibiae black, with a white basal ring; tarsi gray. Ecology: Heteracris hannai sp. nov. is present in the natural vegetation of the southern Cameroon in one univoltine population. The nymphs of Heteracris hannai sp. nov. were not observed during this study. In the Centre region of Cameroon, the adults occurred between March and September (almost 6 months). In the West and South-west regions of Cameroon, the adults were observed only during the months of February and September respectively (fig. 6). The species is more abundant in fallows and crop fields and very few in in agro-forests and forests (fig. 5b). Heteracris hannai sp. nov. is an accidentally collected species regardless of the type of vegetation (table 1).

Heteracris guineensis (Krauss, 1890) Synonymy: Eyprepocnemis guineensis Krauss, 1890; Thisoicetrus guineensis Sj ��stedt. 1918; Heteracris aurantiacus (Uvarov, 1921); Heteracris maculosa (Krauss, 1890). Syntypes: West Tropical Africa, Togo, Misah ��he, SMN Stuttgart. Material examined: 1 male from Balamba (4��24���796���N, 11��14���866���E), 16 males and 7 females from Mfou (3���48���364���N, 11��40���496���E), 19 males and 11 females from Talba (4��37���704���N, 11��29���815���E), 1 female from Bab��t�� (5��35���520���N, 10��15���373���E), 12 males and 2 females from Bangoulap (5��06���.013���N, 10��32���.332���E), 8 males and 6 females from Buea (4��09���247���N, 9��18���567���E), 8 males and 12 females from Kumba (4��39���101���N, 9��24���502���E), 16 males and 10 females from Tombel (4��45���359���N, 9��40���215���E), 2 males and 1 female from Djawara (4��02���24������N, 10��05���60������E), and 10 males and 14 females from Ekit�� (3��48���2.84������N, 10��06���11.95������E); deposited in the Zoology Laboratory, of University of Yaound�� 1, Cameroon (ZLUYC) and in the Zoology Research Unit, Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, University of Douala, Cameroon (ZRULBPAOUDC). Diagnosis: lophi with almost flattened posterior margin; interlophal space with a complex structure shape; outer margins of lateral plates almost straight; apodemes of cingulum parallel, exceeded the apex of basal valves of penis, with U-shaped structure; valves of cingulum exceeded significantly the apex of apical valves of penis in lateral view; rami slightly opened in ventral view; hind wing hyaline, sometimes with red base and infumate tips; hind tibiae black in basal half, with one yellow basal ring framed by two black rings, reminder bright red in apical part, spines yellowish in basal half and blackish in apical half. Description: male: length of body 22.00 �� 1.40 mm (n = 5 individuals), female: length of body 40.10 �� 3.80 mm (n = 5 individuals). Integument slightly rugose; head subconical; fastigial foveolae present; medium and slightly ridged eyes; fastigium of vertex short, with truncated apex and weak median carinulae; antenna filiform, longer than head and pronotum together; pronotum slightly tectiform, with weak lateral carinae in the prozona, obliterated and divergent in metazona; median carina raised and crossed by three sulcus, with an obtuse and weakly incised posterior margin; prozona longer than metazona; tegmina and wings fully developed, with rounded apex; intercalary vein of medial area of elytra present; tympanum present; prosternal process cylindrical; mesosternal interspace open, wider than its length; male supra-anal plate conical, with a transverse sulcus on the middle field and another on the apical field; male cercus longer in basal part and flattened, curved downwards in apical part (fig. 2b); male subgenital plate conical; posterior margin of subgenital plate in female protruding; valves of ovipositor robust, with curved apical. Bridge of epiphallus broad and arched; ancorae well developed, curved and with acute apex; lophi broads, lobiform and slightly curved upward (fig. 3Ia), posterior margin almost flattened in profile view; interlophal space forming a complex structure; external margins of the lateral plates almost straight; rami of cingulum well developed and broad; apodemes of cingulum slender, parallel with U-shaped structure, and exceeding the apex of basal valves of penis; zygoma large; basal and apical valves of penis connected by sclerotized flexion; lateral expansions of basal valves of penis strongly curved; apex of apical valves significantly curved upwards; valves of cingulum exceeding significantly the apex of apical valves of penis (fig. 3Id, 3Ig and 3Ij). Coloration (fig. 2a): body generally greenish or yellowish; upper side of antennae clear, lower side dark. Posterior margin of eyes yellow highlighted. Pronotum disc with a broad brown longitudinal band bordered by two narrower yellow bands, the latter extending anteriorly to the fastigium and posteriorly on the elytra; hind wings hyalines, sometimes with red base and infumate tips; medio-internal area of hind femurs bearing two large black bands; infero-internal area and pre-genicular ring yellow; hind tibiae with a yellow basal ring framed by two black rings, remainder bright red; spines yellow in basal part and black in apical part (fig. 2 a). Ecology: regardless of the study area, only one annual generation of nymphs and adults was observed. In the South-West area, the nymphs are present in April, June, July and from September to December. Adults are present throughout the year (fig. 4a). In the West zone, the nymphs are present in December while the adults are present from January to June (fig. 4b). In the Littoral zone, adults are present almost throughout the year, except in January and December. They are most abundant in September. Nymphs are present in April, September and November (Fig. 4c). In the Centre area, the nymphs are present in February, March, May, July, October and November. Adults are present in January and from March to December, with high abundances in June (fig. 4d). This species is widely distributed in the southern part of Cameroon. It can easily be observed in high abundance in fallows, crops fields, and agro-forests while it is accidentally found in the forests except those of Buea and Tombel (fig. 5a). Heteracris guineensis is an accidental species regardless of the vegetation type. Table 2 below shows the occurrence frequency obtained in each vegetation type in the different regions., Published as part of Wandji, Alain Christel, Yetchom-Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Kekeunou, S��vilor, Kenne, Martin, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tindo, Maurice, Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Mbadjoun-Nzike, Marcelle, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Djomnang-Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel & Fomena, Abraham, 2021, Description of Heteracris lecoqi Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou sp. nov. and Heteracris hannai Wandji & Kekeunou sp. nov. and redescription of Heteracris guineensis (Krauss, 1890) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with comments on its ecology in the Southern part of Cameroon, pp. 95-106 in Zootaxa 4915 (1) on pages 101-102, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4452499

Wandji, Alain Christel, Yetchom-Fondjo, Jeanne Agrippine, Kekeunou, Sévilor, Kenne, Martin, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tindo, Maurice, Simeu-Noutchom, Alain, Mbadjoun-Nzike, Marcelle, Xu, Sheng-Quan, Djomnang-Nkwala, Alfiery Laurel, Fomena, Abraham (2021): Description of Heteracris lecoqi Yetchom-Fondjo & Kekeunou sp. nov. and Heteracris hannai Wandji & Kekeunou sp. nov. and redescription of Heteracris guineensis (Krauss, 1890) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with comments on its ecology in the Southern part of Cameroon. Zootaxa 4915 (1): 95-106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4915.1.6

Gomphomastacinae Genus Myrmeleomastax Yin, 1984: two species Myrmeleomastax pulvinella Yin. 1984. Amdo (Tibet) region, China. Myrmeleomastax wideis sp. nov. Yushu (Qinghai), China. Genus Ptygomastax B.-Bienko, 1959: one species Ptygomastax heimahoensis Cheng & Huang, 1974. Gonhhe (Qinghai), Luqu (Gansu), China. Ptygomastax longifemora Yin, 1984. Guinan (Tibet), China. Genus Sinomastax Yin, 1984: one species Sinomastax longicornea Yin, 1984. Yushu (Qinghai), China. Genus Phytomastax B.-Bienko, 1949: one species Phytomastax quighaiensis Yin, 1984. Yushu (Qinghai), China. Genus Pentaspinula Yin, 1979: one species Pentaspinula calcara Yin, 1979. Purang (Tibet), China. Genus Angulomastax Zheng, 1985: one species Angulomastax meiospina Zheng, 1985. Yushu (Qinghai), China.

Myrmeleomastax wideis Qiu, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype:1 ��,paratypes:1 ��, 5 ♀. China, Yushu (Qinghai), 4390m, (33��31���07������N 96��29���94������E), August, 2019. Coll. Ke-Yao Zhang, Zhi-Cuo Dan & Jun-Jie Ge; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi���an, China (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 2). Body size larger, head shorter than the length of pronotum, slightly oblique in profile; antennae club-shaped, shorter than head and pronotum together, with 11 segments and distinctly wider in apical part; eyes larger, oval, almost of equal diameter with subocular furrow; Pronotum flat, crossed by three sulci, the ventral posterior margin of its lateral lobes rounded; the length of the mesosternum seven times width; wings absent; hind femur 5.4 times longer than its width, its lower basal lobes longer than upper ones, inner sides with three black spots; the lower lobes of hind knee rounded; hind tibia with ten apical spines on both inner and outer sides. epiproct slightly conical, posterior margin protrude with a promontory in the middle; cercus conical; extending to the tip of epiproct; Subgenital plate conical; Epiphallus bridged, ancora bud-shaped, anterior projection bend down; basal valves of penis conical, apex blunt. Female (Fig. 2). Similar to male but larger and more robust; width of vertex between two eyes 1.8 times wider than frontal ridge between the antennae; epiproct slightly conical, apex acute, with a longitudinal groove in the basal half; valves of ovipositor longer, with slightly obtuse apex, its outer margin serrated; cercus short conical, not reaching the middle of epiproct; subgenital plate subcylindrical, its posterior margin acute. Coloration. Body and antennae yellowish-brown; eyes darkish-brown; hind femur yellowish-brown on both inner and outer sides, with three black spots on the inner side; hind tibia yellowish-brown; abdomen and subgenital plate yellowish-brown. Habitat. Alpine desert steppe. Measurement. (In mm) Body length: �� 10.1-10.5, ♀ 15.1-18.9; pronotum length: �� 1.5-1.7, ♀ 1.6-1.9; hind femur: �� 5.0-5.4, ♀ 6.8-7.5. Diagnosis. The new species Myrmeleomastax wideis sp. nov. is similar to Myrmeleomastax pulvinella Yin 1984 from Amdo (Tibet) region, China from which it differs by the characters presented in the Table 1 below. Etymology. The specific epithet is named for a distinct character of this species, because the width of mesosternum of this species is distinctly wider than other species in this genus., Published as part of Qiu, Shaoting, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, A synoptic review of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera: Eumastacoidea) from the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with a description of new species, pp. 296-300 in Zootaxa 4903 (2) on pages 298-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4567417, {"references":["Yin, X. C. (1984) Grasshoppers and locusts from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Science Press, Beijing, 287 pp."]}

Figure S2. QQ-plots of all the observed log p-values VS the expected log p-values under the null expections of CG (mCG), CHG (mCHG), and CHH (mCHH) sites, respectively. (DOCX 99 kb)

Figure S3. Box plot of P values among all detected methylated nucleotide sites. X and Y axes show different chromosomes and P values, respectively. (DOCX 89 kb)

Figure S1. Methylation level of each DMR (all 71 were included) among six samples. The x and y axes show different samples and their overall methylation levels, respectively. (DOCX 312 kb)