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Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have shown great potential for the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen fuel via photocatalytic reaction due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, one of the biggest challenges for organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) lies in the serious recombination of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. Herein, we reported that the coupling of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles with methylammonium lead halide (MAPbI3) perovskite can significantly enhance the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of MAPbI3. We found that Ni2P coupling can promote the electron exaction from MAPbI3, thereby accelerating the charge transfer and retarding the charge recombination. Moreover, Ni2P particles exhibited good electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Consequently, the Ni2P/MAPbI3 composite exhibited ca. 459 times higher activity than the parent MAPbI3 in photocatalytic HI splitting reaction. Moreover, the Ni2P/MAPbI3 composite exhibited excellent stability during cycling tests. This work demonstrated the potential of using Ni2P as non-noble metal-based co-catalyst to promote the photocatalytic performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain connectome analysis suffers from the high dimensionality of connectivity data, often forcing a reduced representation of the brain at a lower spatial resolution or parcellation. This is particularly true for graph-based representations, which are increasingly used to characterize connectivity gradients, capturing patterns of systematic spatial variation in the functional connectivity structure. However, maintaining a high spatial resolution is crucial for enabling fine-grained topographical analysis and preserving subtle individual differences that might otherwise be lost. Here we introduce a computationally efficient approach to establish spatially fine-grained connectivity gradients. At its core, it leverages a set of landmarks to approximate the underlying connectivity structure at the full spatial resolution without requiring a full-scale vertex-by-vertex connectivity matrix. We show that this approach reduces computational time and memory usage while preserving informative individual features and demonstrate its application in improving brain-behavior predictions. Overall, its efficiency can remove computational barriers and enable the widespread application of connectivity gradients to capture spatial signatures of the connectome. Importantly, maintaining a spatially fine-grained resolution facilitates to characterize the spatial transitions inherent in the core concept of gradients of brain organization. This work presents a computationally efficient approach to establish spatially fine-grained connectivity gradients, reducing computational costs while preserving informative individual features and improving brain-behavior predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion Patient Contribution To explore and analyse the adaptation process of patients and their families at the point of lung cancer diagnosis.Totally 23 operable lung cancer patients were included in this study. Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was employed for data analysis.This study found two different aspects of family adaptation at the diagnosis of lung cancer. For family resilience, three themes emerged: (1) Positive family belief systems (giving meaning to a cancer diagnosis and maintaining a positive/optimistic attitude), (2) Flexible family organizational patterns (maintaining the stability of family structure and function, adjusting the relationship between patients and family members and receiving external support and help) and (3) Good communication and problem‐solving strategies (open communication on an equal basis, positive and open expression of emotions and collaborative problem‐solving). For family vulnerability, three themes were as follows: (1) Negative family belief systems (negative attitudes and concealment and self‐isolation due to stigma), (2) Rigid family organizational patterns (adaptation lost, conflicts between family support and patients' willingness and pressure upon social support) and (3) Unhealthy communication and problem‐solving (poor communication, emotional asymmetry of family members and tendency to solve problems alone).The study highlights the existence of the family resilience and family vulnerability at the point of lung cancer diagnosis and provides patient's perspective for understanding family resilience in specific cultural contexts.The data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews.Trail registration number: ChiCTR2300074801. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) stands out as the most prevalent epithelial malignant thyroid tumor. Thyroid primary follicular lymphoma (PFL) represents a rare malignant tumor originating from mesenchymal tissues. The concurrent occurrence of PTC and PFL is exceptionally rare, particularly in the context of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, presenting significant challenges in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Case demonstration: A 44-year-old female patient presented with a neck mass persisting for over 1 month. The patient underwent surgery, and the incised tissues were subjected to pathology examinations, along with immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing tests suggestive of an EZH2 gene mutation in the tumor cells. The final pathological diagnosis confirmed the presence of PTC combined with PFL. Following a 27-month follow-up, the patient displayed no signs of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions: The concurrent occurrence of PTC and PFL poses notable challenges in clinical practice, requiring careful consideration in diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we present a rare case of PTC combined with PFL featuring an EZH2 gene mutation, which can be easily overlooked in the context of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient's favorable response to surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies in similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New chiral targets of orientational chirality have been designed and asymmetrically synthesized by taking advantage of N‐sulfinyl imine‐directed nucleophilic addition/oxidation, Suzuki‐Miyaura, and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions. Orientation of single isomers has been selectively controlled by using aryl/alkynyl levers [C(sp2)‐C(sp) axis] and tBuSO2‐ protecting group on nitrogen as proven by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The key structural characteristic of resulting orientational products is shown by remote through‐space blocking manner. Seventeen examples of multi‐step synthesis were obtained with modest to good chemical yields and complete orientational selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the design and asymmetric synthesis of a series of chiral targets of orientational chirality were conducted by taking advantage of N-sulfinylimine-assisted nucleophilic addition and modified Sonogashira catalytic coupling systems. Orientational isomers were controlled completely using alkynyl/alkynyl levers [C(sp)-C(sp) axis] with absolute configuration assignment determined by X-ray structural analysis. The key structural element of the resulting orientational chirality is uniquely characterized by remote through-space blocking. Forty examples of multi-step synthesis were performed, with modest to good yields and excellent orientational selectivity. Several chiral orientational amino targets are attached with scaffolds of natural and medicinal products, showing potential pharmaceutical and medical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The insufficiency of freshwater supplies has posed a serious threat to sustainable socioeconomic growth, and seawater desalination is considered to be the most promising solution to alleviate such pressure. Currently, 2D carbon membranes are identified as deserving candidates due to their high permeability and multiple tunable properties. However, they remain challenging to systematically uncover the potential relationships between structures and properties in various 2D carbon materials. For this, a machine learning (ML) model based on feature datasets of 2D carbon materials effecting desalination properties is trained. The results suggest that structures with a maximum pore size of 10–12 atoms and atomic densities between 0.28 and 0.41 are more likely to achieve high properties. Cml‐MOR based on MOR‐type mordenite zeolite for validation is selected. Further, Cml‐MOR is demonstrated to feature remarkable salt ion adsorption. The effective water flux of Cml‐MOR is 113.51 L cm−2 day−1 MPa−1, and the salt rejection at 110 MPa can reach 98.9%. This work is expected to apply this efficient method to investigate the structure and properties of 2D carbon membranes with great structural diversity; this will attract more people to focus on them and explore their important potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to illuminate the neuropathological landscape of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a multiscale macro–micro‐molecular perspective from in vivo neuroimaging data. Methods: The "ADHD‐200 initiative" repository provided multi‐site high‐quality resting‐state functional connectivity (rsfc‐) neuroimaging for ADHD children and matched typically developing (TD) cohort. Diffusion mapping embedding model to derive the functional connectome gradient detecting biologically plausible neural pattern was built, and the multivariate partial least square method to uncover the enrichment of neurotransmitomic, cellular and chromosomal gradient‐transcriptional signatures of AHBA enrichment and meta‐analytic decoding. Results: Compared to TD, ADHD children presented connectopic cortical gradient perturbations in almost all the cognition‐involved brain macroscale networks (all pBH <0.001), but not in the brain global topology. As an intermediate phenotypic variant, such gradient perturbation was spatially enriched into distributions of GABAA/BZ and 5‐HT2A receptors (all pBH <0.01) and co‐varied with genetic transcriptional expressions (e.g. DYDC2, ATOH7, all pBH <0.01), associated with phenotypic variants in episodic memory and emotional regulations. Enrichment models demonstrated such gradient‐transcriptional variants indicated the risk of both cell‐specific and chromosome‐ dysfunctions, especially in enriched expression of oligodendrocyte precursors and endothelial cells (all pperm <0.05) as well enrichment into chromosome 18, 19 and X (pperm <0.05). Conclusions: Our findings bridged brain macroscale neuropathological patterns to microscale/cellular biological architectures for ADHD children, demonstrating the neurobiologically pathological mechanism of ADHD into the genetic and molecular variants in GABA and 5‐HT systems as well brain‐derived enrichment of specific cellular/chromosomal expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that the cement production process is inherently affected by uncertainty, time delay, and strong coupling among variables, this paper proposed a novel soft sensor of free calcium oxide in a cement clinker. The model utilizes a dual-parallel integrated structure with an optimized integration of one-dimensional convolutional neural networks, long and short-term memory networks, graphical neural networks, and extreme gradient boosting. The proposed model can mitigate the risks associated with overfitting while incorporating the strengths of each individual model and excels in extracting both local and global features as well as temporal and spatial characteristics from the original time series data, ensuring its stability. The experimental results demonstrate that this dual-parallel integrated model exhibits superior robustness, predictive accuracy, and generalization capabilities when compared to single models or enhancements made to other deep learning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate and explain the beneficial effects of local intra‐articular injection of Salubrinal on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) using a rabbit model of anterior disc displacement (ADD). Methods: Rabbits were divided and subjected to surgical ADD. Salubrinal was administered by intra‐articular injection in the TMJ every other day for 2 and 4 weeks after operation. Histological examination and TUNEL staining were then performed. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time PCR, and Western blot analysis were employed to evaluate the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐related markers, catabolic factors, extracellular matrix proteins, inflammatory factors, and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. Results: In the ADD groups, we found that Salubrinal partly reversed condylar cartilage deterioration according to the histological analysis. Salubrinal reduced chondrocytes apoptosis while increased matrix components including Collagen II and Aggrecan. Meanwhile, Salubrinal downregulated the catabolic expression of MMP13, ADAMTS5, VEGF, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β. We also observed that Salubrinal inhibited ER stress activation by reducing the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, and Caspase‐12. Additionally, Salubrinal suppressed the phosphorylation of NF‐κB. Conclusion: These results indicate that Salubrinal alleviates cartilage degradation following ADD, suggesting that intra‐articular injection of Salubrinal is a potential therapeutic approach for preventing TMJOA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present Porcine circovirus type 2 virus (PCV 2) vaccine adjuvants suffer from numerous limitations, such as adverse effects, deficient cell-mediated immune responses, and inadequate antibody production. In this study, we explored the potential of a novel nanoparticle (CS-Au NPs) based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and chitosan (CS) that modified Viola philippica polysaccharide (VPP) as efficient adjuvants for PCV 2 vaccine. The characterization demonstrated that CS-Au-VPP NPs had a mean particle size of 507.42 nm and a zeta potential value of −21.93 mV. CS-Au-VPP NPs also exhibited good dispersion and a stable structure, which did not alter the polysaccharide properties. Additionally, the CS-Au-VPP NPs showed easy absorption and utilization by the organism. To investigate their immune-enhancing potential, mice were immunized with a mixture of CS-Au-VPP NPs and PCV 2 vaccine. The evaluation of relevant immunological indicators, including specific IgG antibodies and their subclasses, cytokines, and T cell subpopulations, confirmed their immune-boosting effects. The in vivo experiments revealed that the medium-dose CS-Au-VPP NPs significantly elevated the levels of specific IgG antibodies and their subclasses, cytokines, and T cell subpopulations in PCV 2 -immunized mice. These findings suggest that CS-Au-VPP NPs can serve as a promising vaccine adjuvant due to their stable structure and immunoenhancement capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular endothelial inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are the main causes of endothelial injury in Kawasaki disease (KD). Human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (Huc-MSCs) have multiple functions in immune regulation. This study examined whether Huc-MSCs inhibited endothelial inflammation and improved endothelial function in KD through constructing cell and in vivo animal KD vasculitis models. The pyroptosis factor NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) was involved in the inflammatory process in the acute phase of KD. After tail vein injection of Huc-MSCs, inflammatory cell infiltration and the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins in the LCWE-induced KD mouse vasculitis model were significantly reduced. In vitro, NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis successfully induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) damage. Huc-MSCs effectively increased the abilities of impaired HUVECs to proliferate, migrate, invade, and form vessel-like tubes, while inhibiting their apoptosis, suggesting that Huc-MSCs can reduce inflammation and improve vascular endothelial function by inhibiting the NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis pathway in KD, providing a possibility and novel target for KD endothelial injury and dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalpa bungei is a precious timber species distributed in North China where drought often occurs. To clarify adaptive responses of C. bungei to partial- and full- root-zone drought under the influence of nitrogen forms, a two-factor experiment was conducted in which well-watered (WW), partial root-zone drought in horizontal direction (H-PRD) and in vertical direction (V-PRD), and full root-zone drought (FRD) were combined with nitrate-nitrogen (NN) and ammonium-nitrogen (AN) treatments. C. bungei responded to FRD by sharply closing stomata, decreasing gas exchange rate and increasing leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi). Under FRD condition, the growth of seedlings was severely inhibited and the effect of N forms was covered up by the drastic drought effect. In comparison, stomata conductance and gas exchanges were moderately inhibited by PRDs. WUEi in V-PRD treatment was superior to H-PRD due to the active stomata regulation resulting from a higher ABA level and active transcription of genes in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway under V-PRD. Under both PRDs and FRD, nitrate benefited antioxidant defense, stomata regulation and leaf WUEi. Under V-PRD, WUEi in nitrate treatment was superior to that in ammonium treatment due to active stomata regulation by signaling network of nitric oxide (NO), Ca2+ and ABA. Under FRD, WUEi was higher in nitrate treatment due to the favoring photosynthetic efficiency resulting from active NO signal and antioxidant defense. The interactive effect of water and N forms was significant on wood xylem development. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) largely contributes to stress tolerance and xylem development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High GRIm-score was significantly correlated with platinum resistance, which has been scarcely reported in previous studies. • KELIM score and high PLT count were independent risk factors for platinum resistance in patients who received NACT. • Partially platinum-sensitive patients should also be paid attention to in order to achieve precision treatment. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the Gustave–Roussy immune score (GRIm-score) and platinum resistance in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with advanced HGSOC between January 2017 and December 2020. A nomogram was developed to predict the risk of platinum resistance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to validate the nomogram. Bootstrap analysis was utilized for internal validation. Additionally, we analyzed the risk factors for platinum resistance in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). A total of 232 patients with advanced HGSOC were included, 52 (22.4 %) of whom experienced relapse with platinum resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high GRIm-score (OR = 4.174, P < 0.001), NACT (OR = 2.706, P = 0.017), PLT > 260 (OR = 2.233, P = 0.037) and non-R0 (OR = 2.526, P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for platinum resistance. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.802 (95 % CI 0.736–0.868), and the internally validated AUC of 1000 bootstrap samples was 0.798 (95 % CI 0.725–0.862). In NACT-treated patients, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that a low KELIM score (OR = 10.405, P = 0.001) and PLT > 260 (OR = 4.611, P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for platinum resistance. The GRIm-score and PLT count are important prognostic factors in patients with HGSOC. For precision treatment, the status of partially platinum-sensitive patients should also be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With continuous downscaling of transistor sizes, the sensitivity to single event effect (SET) has become one of the most important reliability issues for aerospace integrated circuits. Besides the SET, integrated circuits will be affected by multiphysics such as temperature and voltage when working in space. Currently, the commonly used modeling methods are based on physical mechanisms and the double exponential pulse current. However, both methods are hard to build an accurate SET current model when various variables are considered. In this article, a novel machine learning modeling method of multiphysics SET is proposed, using intelligent algorithms to optimize the network also. With this method, we can obtain a reasonable and accurate multiphysics SET model based on neural network with single hidden layer, and there is no need to consider complex physical mechanisms. The model data is collected from TCAD simulation. Ant colony algorithm was used to optimize the initial values of the network. The RMS (root mean square error) of modeling result is less than 2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic growth thrives on innovation, which is a byproduct of efficient labour utilisation. Labour market mobility, fostering knowledge exchange, is crucial for inducing innovation in firms through labour. However, prior studies on this dynamic, mostly limited to developed economies, provide inconsistent conclusions. China, a crucial player in the developing world, has been insufficiently investigated. To address this gap, our study investigates this relationship using China as a model, providing insights valuable to other developing nations. The results indicate that increased labour mobility significantly promotes technological innovation in local firms, especially in areas that emphasize design and high-quality innovation. Importantly, the influence of labour mobility on innovation varies across administrative divisions, such as provinces, cities, and counties, leading to diverse effects on firm-level innovation. Furthermore, the impact of labour mobility is particularly significant in privately-owned enterprises and firms situated in the eastern region. The crucial role of knowledge diffusion, serving as a mediator through which labour mobility enhances firm innovation, is emphasized, highlighting its significance. In conclusion, this study effectively establishes how labour market mobility shapes firm innovation, offering practical policy directions for China’s urban talent strategies and innovation enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Taxanes are the basic components of breast cancer chemotherapy. Nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) shows improved antitumor effects because of more targeted delivery. However, the effects of nab‐paclitaxel have not been systematically studied in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pretreated with taxanes. Considering the limited treatment options for MBC, this study retrospectively evaluated the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of nab‐paclitaxel in patients with taxane‐pretreated MBC.Patients who had previously received taxanes and subsequently received nab‐paclitaxel chemotherapy for MBC at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital between October 2014 and April 2022 were included for analysis. The primary end point was progression‐free survival (PFS), and the secondary end points were the objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and side effects.A total of 236 female patients with MBC were included. The median PFS was 7.20 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.63–7.80 months), and the ORR, DCR, and CBR were 29.55% (95% CI, 23.50%–35.60%), 83.64% (95% CI, 78.70%–88.60%), and 56.36% (95% CI, 49.80%–63.00%), respectively. Following nab‐paclitaxel treatment, the median PFS of patients who were sensitive to taxanes during previous treatments was significantly longer than that of patients who were resistant to taxanes (7.57 months vs. 4.43 months, p < .001). The most common adverse events were sensory neuropathy (89.83%), neutropenia (48.73%), leukopenia (46.61%), and anemia (35.59%).Nab‐paclitaxel demonstrated clinical activity in taxane‐pretreated patients with MBC. This beneficial effect was observed both in patients who were sensitive and resistant to taxanes during previous treatments. These results suggest nab‐paclitaxel as the preferred chemotherapy regimen in patients with MBC, regardless of their sensitivity to taxanes during previous treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colon cancer. We aim to investigate the role of MIR143HG, also known as CARMN (Cardiac mesoderm enhancer‐associated noncoding RNA) in colon cancer and explore the related mechanisms. An RNAseq data analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs associated with colon cancer. Next, MIR143HG expression was quantified in colon cancer cells. Moreover, the contributory roles of MIR143HG in the progression of colon cancer with the involvement of DNMT1 and HOXB7 (Homeobox B7) were evaluated after restored MIR143HG or depleted HOXB7. Finally, the effects of MIR143HG were investigated in vivo by measuring tumor formation in nude mice. High‐throughput transcriptome sequencing was employed to validate the specific mechanisms by which MIR143HG and HOXB7 affect tumor growth in vivo. MIR143HG was found to be poorly expressed, while HOXB7 was highly expressed in colon cancer. MIR143HG could promote HOXB7 methylation by recruiting DNMT1 to reduce HOXB7 expression. Upregulation of MIR143HG or downregulation of HOXB7 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration and facilitated apoptosis in colon cancer cells so as to delay the progression of colon cancer. The same trend was identified in vivo. Our study provides evidence that restoration of MIR143HG suppressed the progression of colon cancer via downregulation of HOXB7 through DNMT1‐mediated HOXB7 promoter methylation. Thus, MIR143HG may be a potential candidate for the treatment of colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on genetic divergence and migration patterns of vent‐ and seep‐endemic macrobenthos can help delimit biogeographical provinces and provide scientific guidelines for deep‐sea conservation under the growing threats of anthropogenic disturbances. Nevertheless, related studies are still scarce, impeding the informed conservation of these hotspots of deep‐sea biodiversity. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a population connectivity study on the galatheoid squat lobster Shinkaia crosnieri – a deep‐sea foundation species widely distributed in vent and seep ecosystems in the Northwest Pacific. With the application of an interdisciplinary methodology involving population genomics and oceanographic approaches, we unveiled two semi‐isolated lineages of S. crosnieri with limited and asymmetrical gene flow potentially shaped by the geographic settings, habitat types, and ocean currents – one comprising vent populations in the Okinawa Trough, with those inhabiting the southern trough area likely serving as the source; the other being the Jiaolong (JR) seep population in the South China Sea. The latter might have recently experienced a pronounced demographic contraction and exhibited genetic introgression from the Okinawa Trough lineage, potentially mediated by the intrusion of the North Pacific Intermediate Water. We then compared the biogeographic patterns between S. crosnieri and two other representative and co‐occurring vent‐ and seep‐endemic species using published data. Based on their biogeographical subdivisions and source‐sink dynamics, we highlighted the southern Okinawa Trough vents and the JR seep warrant imperative conservation efforts to sustain the deep‐sea biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The preoperative diagnosis of endometriosis associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) remains challenging for lack of effective diagnostic biomarker. We aimed to study clinical characteristics and develop a nomogram for diagnosing EAOC before surgery. Methods: A total of 87 patients with EAOC and 348 patients with ovarian endometrioma (OEM) were enrolled in our study. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and Logistic regression were utilized to select variables and construct the prediction model. The performance of the model was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and calibration plots, while decision curve analyses (DCAs) were conducted to assess clinical value. Bootstrap resampling was used to evaluated the stability of the model in the derivation set. Results: The EAOC patients were older compared to the OEM patients (46.41 ± 9.62 vs. 36.49 ± 8.09 year, P < 0.001) and proportion of postmenopausal women was higher in EAOC group than in the OEM group (34.5 vs. 1.5%, P < 0.001). Our prediction model, which included age at diagnosis, tumor size, cancer antigen (CA) 19–9 and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA), demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.858 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.795–0.920) in the derivation set (N = 304) and an AUC of 0.870 (95% CI: 0.779–0.961) in the validation set (N = 131). The model fitted both the derivation (Hosmer–Lemeshow test (HL) chi-square = 12.600, P = 0.247) and the validation (HL chi-square = 8.210, P = 0.608) sets well. Conclusion: Compared to patients with OEM, those with EAOC exhibited distinct clinical characteristics. Our four-variable prediction model demonstrated excellent performance in both the derivation and validation sets, suggesting its potential to assist with preoperative diagnosis of EAOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N4‐Acetylcytidine (ac4C), a highly conserved post‐transcriptional machinery with extensive existence for RNA modification, plays versatile roles in various cellular processes and functions. However, the molecular mechanism by which ac4C modification mediates neuropathic pain remains elusive. Here, it is found that the enhanced ac4C modification promotes the recruitment of polysome in Vegfa mRNA and strengthens the translation efficiency following SNI. Nerve injury increases the expression of NAT10 and the interaction between NAT10 and Vegfa mRNA in the dorsal horn neurons, and the gain and loss of NAT10 function further confirm that NAT10 is involved in the ac4C modification in Vegfa mRNA and pain behavior. Moreover, the ac4C‐mediated VEGFA upregulation contributes to the central sensitivity and neuropathic pain induced by SNI or AAV‐hSyn‐NAT10. Finally, SNI promotes the binding of HNRNPK in Vegfa mRNA and subsequently recruits the NAT10. The enhanced interaction between HNRNPK and NAT10 contributes to the ac4C modification of Vegfa mRNA and neuropathic pain. These findings suggest that the enhanced interaction between HNRNPK and Vegfa mRNA upregulates the ac4C level by recruiting NAT10 and contributes to the central sensitivity and neuropathic pain following SNI. Blocking this cascade may be a novel therapeutic approach in patients with neuropathic pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is modified onto the GO surface by using the strong π–π coupling between a large number of benzene rings at the end of the phenyl POSS structure and the graphite structure in the GO sheet, realizing the non-covalent functionalization of GO (POSS-GO). The POSS-GO-reinforced EP (POSS-GO/EP) composite material is prepared using the casting molding process. The surface morphology of GO before and after modification and its peel dispersion in EP are examined. Furthermore, the mechanical properties, cross-sectional morphology, and reinforcement mechanism of POSS-GO/EP are thoroughly examined. The results show that the cage-like skeleton structure of POSS is embedded between the GO layers, increasing the spacing between the GO layers and leading to a steric hindrance effect, which effectively prevents their stacking and aggregation and improves the dispersion performance of GO. In particular, the 0.4 phr POSS-GO/EP sample shows the best mechanical properties. This is because, on the one hand, POSS-GO is uniformly dispersed in the EP matrix, which can more efficiently induce crack deflection and bifurcation and can also cause certain plastic deformations in the EP matrix. On the other hand, the POSS-GO/EP fracture cross-section with a stepped morphology of interlaced "canine teeth" shape is rougher and more uneven, leading to more complex crack propagation paths and greater energy consumption. Moreover, the mechanical meshing effect between the rough POSS-GO surface and the EP matrix is stronger, which is conducive to the transfer of interfacial stress and the strengthening and toughening effects of POSS-GO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling moving contact-line with surfactant has become a widely sought methodology due to its scientific relevance and extensive applications. Within the phase field framework, we present an improved lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for simulating moving contact-line dynamics with soluble surfactant. In this model, a LB equation is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and another two LB equations are utilized to solve the two Cahn–Hilliard-like equations. The modified chemical potentials are incorporated in the LB model by using an equivalent variant of the free energy functional and the corresponding equilibrium distribution functions are also amended. These modifications could circumvent the degraded accuracy of previous LB models in capturing the interfacial behavior and surfactant distribution, and also improve the well-posedness of the LB model. In addition, a dynamic contact angle formulation is introduced to account for the surfactant effect on surface wettability and the resulting contact angle is further implemented in the LB model via a popular geometrical wetting approach. We comprehensively evaluate the numerical performance of the LB model by simulating some benchmark problems. It is found that the LB model achieves a higher accuracy than previous LB models in solving the phase field and surfactant profiles, and also numerical prediction of moving contact-line dynamics with surfactant shows good agreement with the analytical solution. Finally, the LB model is applied to investigate droplet shearing dynamics on solid substrate. The influences of capillary number and solid wetting property on droplet deformation and breakup are analyzed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Directed differentiation of serotonin neurons (SNs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provides a valuable tool for uncovering the mechanism of human SN development and the associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies report that FOXA2 is expressed by serotonergic progenitors (SNPs) and functioned as a serotonergic fate determinant in mouse. However, in the routine differentiation experiments, it is accidentally found that less SNs and more non‐neuronal cells are obtained from SNP stage with higher percentage of FOXA2‐positive cells. This phenomenon prompted them to question the role of FOXA2 as an intrinsic fate determinant for human SN differentiation. Herein, by direct differentiation of engineered hPSCs into SNs, it is found that the SNs are not derived from FOXA2‐lineage cells; FOXA2‐knockout hPSCs can still differentiate into mature and functional SNs with typical serotonergic identity; FOXA2 overexpression suppresses the SN differentiation, indicating that FOXA2 is not intrinsically required for human SN differentiation. Furthermore, repressing FOXA2 expression by retinoic acid (RA) and dynamically modulating Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway promotes human SN differentiation. This study uncovers the role of FOXA2 in human SN development and improves the differentiation efficiency of hPSCs into SNs by repressing FOXA2 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements and vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scores are opportunistic screening methods for evaluating bone quality. Since studies comparing the efficacies of the two methods are rare, this retrospective study aimed to examine the efficacy of VBQ scores compared with that of HU measurements for diagnosing osteoporosis in lumbar spine surgery patients. Methods: We selected patients who had undergone spinal surgery between January 2020 and May 2022 from our database. The VBQ scores based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and HU measurements based on computed tomography (CT) were calculated. Correlation analysis of the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) T score and study parameters was performed. The Delong test and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to compare the efficacies of the two methods. Results: We included 118 consecutive patients who underwent selective spinal surgery. The VBQ score and HU measurement were significantly correlated with the DEXA T score. Based on the Delong test, HU measurement predicted osteoporosis more effectively than the VBQ score did. The DCA revealed that the VBQ score performed better than the HU measurement did. Conclusions: The calculation of VBQ scores is a novel opportunistic screening method for diagnosing osteoporosis; however, CT-based HU measurements outperform MRI-based VBQ scores. HU measurements can be used as a screening method when pre-operative CT scans are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detailed chemical investigations of the South China Sea soft corals Sinularia tumulosa and Sinularia depressa, yielded two new compounds, namely tumulosterol A (1) and 11'-hydroxy-α-tocopherylquinone (3), along with four related known ones (2, 5–7). Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the spectral data previously reported in the literature. In bioassays, compound 1 displayed significant cytotoxic effects against H1975 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values of 6.0 and 6.3 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 3 exhibited interesting inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 9.5 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using amino silica modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), a quick fluorescence analysis technique is used for the detection of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD). At 100 °C and pH 8.5, FITC-modified amino silica exhibits the lowest fluorescence intensity in the presence of 3-MCPD. This can predominantly be explained mostly explained by 3-MCPD's capacity to occupy the amino group that FITC normally binds to. The fluorescence intensity of FITC-modified amino silica was greatly quenched by 3-MCPD's reaction with the amino group under alkaline conditions, and the fluorescence intensity is different at different reaction times, reaction pH, and reaction temperature. The effects of various 3-MCPD concentrations on the optical characteristics of FITC-modified amino silica were also investigated. Fluorescence analysis is used to obtain a linear range from 0.025 to 1.0 mg/L for 3-MCPD detection under optimal experimental conditions, with a detection limit of 0.025 mg/L and a correlation coefficient of 0.9915. The quantity of 3-MCPD in soy sauce was measured under ideal conditions. Using the optimized conditions, the contents of 3-MCPD in soy sauce were determined. These results suggest that this method is sensitive to 3-MCPD and may have a substantial application in the rapid detection of food contaminants particularly, where the quality and safety of food products are of paramount concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Delirium is one of the most common complications in critically ill children. Once delirium occurs, it will cause physical and psychological distress in children and increase the length of their ICU stay and hospitalization costs. Understanding the risk factors for delirium in critically ill children can help develop targeted nursing interventions to reduce the incidence of delirium. Aims: To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of delirium in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Study design: We performed a prospective observational study in critically ill patients in the PICU between February and July 2020. Delirium was diagnosed by the Cornell Assessment of Paediatric Delirium (CAPD) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale and analysed via univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors of delirium in critically ill children. Results: The study enrolled 315 patients ranging in age from 1–202 (65.3–54.3) months, with 56.2% (n = 177) being male. The incidence of delirium was 29.2% (n = 92) according to CAPD criteria. Among them, 33 cases (35.9%) were of hyperactive delirium, 16 cases (17.4%) were of hypoactive delirium, and 43 cases (46.7%) were of mixed delirium. By using stepwise logistic regression, the independent risk factors of delirium included mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 11.470; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.283–30.721), nervous system disease (OR, 5.596; 95%CI, 2.445 to 12.809), developmental delay (OR, 5.157; 95% CI, 1.990–13.363), benzodiazepine (OR, 3.359; 95% CI 1.278–8.832), number of catheters (OR, 1.918; 95% CI, 1.425 to 2.582), and age (OR, 0.985; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.976–0.993). Conclusions: Delirium is a common complication in the PICU. The independent risk factors include mechanical ventilation, nervous system disease, developmental delay, benzodiazepines, higher number of catheters, and younger age. This study may help develop intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of delirium in critically ill children by targeting modifiable risk factors. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Recommendations for practice include paying attention to high‐risk children in the ICU who are prone to delirium, removing influencing factors as soon as possible, and providing targeted nursing interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of rural tourism destinations in China is confronting multiple issues, including blind expansion and a repetitive developmental model, causing the sector to enter a vicious competition cycle. The perception among tourists of rural tourism destinations, and their willingness to revisit places will provide insights for service providers that will enable them to form better strategies to stand out in the fiercely competitive market. Understanding tourist perception will enable providers to contribute to the construction of rural tourist destinations. Taking Ma Wei Yi Folk Culture Village as a case study, this paper combines the development status of rural tourism in Ma Wei Yi, obtains first-hand data through questionnaire interviews, verifies the research hypothesis, and uses Pearson coefficient to carry out correlation analysis. The paper concluded that tourists' rural perception has a positive and strong impact on their willingness to revisit, and its factors have different impacts. According to the empirical results, tourist destination providers should pay attention to rural perceptual development in their follow-up development and operation processes. They can effectively attract tourists to visit multiple times, enhance tourist's sense of enjoyable experience, and achieve sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endometriosis‐associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) is difficult to diagnose because of its low incidence, uncertain risk factors, and the absence of effective markers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of EAOC and identify useful serological markers. Methods: We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of patients with EAOC and ovarian endometriosis, obtained between January 1, 2011 and October 31, 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationship between clinical characteristics and EAOC. Receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to access the diagnostic value of serological markers in EAOC. Results: In total, the clinical characteristics of 220 patients were obtained; 44 with EAOC and 176 with ovarian endometriosis. EAOC patients were older (46.20 vs. 36.26 years, P < 0.001) and had larger tumors (9.10 vs. 6.73 cm, P = 0.003) together with higher CA19‐9 (21.44 vs. 4.72 U/mL, P < 0.001) and HE4 levels (62.35 vs. 44.19 pmol/L, P < 0.001) when compared with ovarian endometriosis patients. Multivariate analysis showed that HE4 greater than 59.7 pmol/L, CA19‐9 greater than 8.5 U/mL, age 42 years or older, and tumor length 9.2 cm or longer were independent risk factors for EAOC. Significantly, CA19‐9 combined with HE4 had high sensitivity (72.73%) and specificity (78.41%) in diagnosing EAOC. Conclusion: Age over 42 years, large ovarian tumor, serum CA19‐9 and HE4 are valuable in the diagnosis of EAOC. Synopsis: We found that CA19‐9 combined with HE4 had the sensitivity and specificity of 72.73% and 78.41% in diagnosing EAOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed people's lives, with the most prominent change being the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). In this study, we used the extended Value-Identity-Personal (VIP) norm model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) among college students in Xi 'an, China, while considering the usage of PPE as an example of PEB. We proposed nine hypothetical questions, and the VIP model was established through the SmartPLS software to test the valid questionnaires of 414 college students. The verification results indicated that all the nine hypotheses were supported statistically, with personal environmental social responsibility and personal norms showing the most significant direct impact on PEB; notably, personal norms were also strongly influenced by environmental personal social responsibility. Biosphere values affected PEB indirectly, through self-identity and individual norms. This study proposes viable countermeasures and suggestions for college students to improve PEB; our findings can serve as a reference for policymakers and stakeholders to ensure the effective waste management of personal safety equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interaction of recent orographic uplift and climate heterogeneity acted as a key role in the East Himalaya‐Hengduan Mountains (EHHM) has been reported in many studies. However, how exactly the interaction promotes clade diversification remains poorly understood. In this study, we both used the chloroplast trnT‐trnF region and 11 nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate the phylogeographic structure and population dynamics of Hippophae gyantsensis and estimate what role geological barriers or ecological factors play in the spatial genetic structure. The results showed that this species had a strong east–west phylogeographic structure, with several mixed populations identified from microsatellite data in central location. The intraspecies divergence time was estimated to be about 3.59 Ma, corresponding well with the recent uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Between the two lineages, there was significant climatic differentiation without geographic barriers. High consistency between lineage divergence, climatic heterogeneity, and Qingzang Movement demonstrated that climatic heterogeneity but not geographic isolation drives the divergence of H. gyantsensis, and the recent regional uplift of the QTP, as the Himalayas, creates heterogeneous climates by affecting the flow of the Indian monsoon. The east group of H. gyantsensis experienced population expansion c. 0.12 Ma, closely associated with the last interglacial interval. Subsequently, a genetic admixture event between east and west groups happened at 26.90 ka, a period corresponding to the warm inter‐glaciation again. These findings highlight the importance of the Quaternary climatic fluctuations in the recent evolutionary history of H. gyantsensis. Our study will improve the understanding of the history and mechanisms of biodiversity accumulation in the EHHM region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of molecular valence electron dynamics and their coupling with nuclear motion is one of the frontiers of ultrafast physics and ultrafast chemistry. With time-resolved strong-field ion momentum spectroscopy, we study electron valence and nucleus wavepacket evolution on a femtosecond timescale. Two orientation-dependent bond-breaks of N2O molecules from the same electronic state are studied, and the influence of orbital hybridization and polarization effect during molecular breaking is analyzed based on the measured time-resolved asymmetric Pzsum distributions, allowing a visual representation of electron localization during the dissociation of molecules into ions and atoms. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results on orientation-dependent dissociation dynamics allows us to understand how nuclear motions evolve during fragmentation and to control ultrafast molecular reactions. Ultrafast spectroscopy allows for the real-time observation of molecular processes and enables a better understanding of the electron dynamics and nuclear evolution that occur during a chemical reaction. Here, the authors study, experimentally and theoretically, the electron localization that occurs on a femtosecond timescale during the dissociation of N2O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most current studies of artificial synapses only mimic the static plasticity, which is far from achieving the complex behaviors of the human brain. The few reported dynamic reconfigurable synapses based on ambipolar transistors switch the operating states by voltages with opposite polarity, which impedes the development of highly efficient synaptic readout circuits. To improve the efficiency, flexibility, and biocompatibility of dynamic reconfigurable synapses, here a ferroelectrics‐electret synergetic organic synaptic p‐type transistor (FESOST) is devised. Owing to the synergetic action of ferroelectric polarization switching and charge capture, FESOST exhibits single‐polarity driven dynamic reconfigurable operating states with different synaptic behaviors (potentiation and depression) in response to the same gate pulse in different modes (excitatory and inhibitory). In addition, various single‐polarity driven synaptic behaviors including short‐term/long‐term plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation/depression, spike‐rate‐dependent plasticity, and spike‐number‐dependent plasticity are also simulated. Finally, the reconfigurable artificial temperature perception system is simulated for the complex emotions of humans in response to different weather stimuli for people of different constitutions. The novel device architecture represents a major step forward in the development of dynamic, reconfigurable, high‐efficiency, organic synapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, no tests can definitively diagnose and distinguish neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) from multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Initially, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics were employed to uncover the novel biomarkers that differentiate NMOSD from MS into cohorts of 10 MS and 10 NMOSD patients. Subsequently, screening biomarkers were validated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method and CSF and serum samples from 20 MS patients, 20 NMOSD patients, 20 non-inflammatory neurological controls, and 20 healthy controls. Results: In study cohort, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 (LAMP2) were screened. In validation cohort, serum and CSF IGFBP7 not only exhibited higher levels in MS and NMOSD patients than controls, but also had greatest area under the curve (AUC, above or equal to 0.8) in MS and NMOSD diagnoses. Serum IGFBP7 (0.945) and CSF IGFBP7 (0.890) also had the greatest AUCs for predicting MS progression, while serum LAMP2 had a moderate curve (0.720). Conclusions: IGFBP7 was superior in diagnosing MS and NMOSD, and IGFBP7 and serum LAMP2 performed exceptionally well in predicting the MS progression. These results offered reasons for further investigations into the functions of IGFBP7 and LAMP2 in MS and NMOSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: BRAF mutation occurs in 5%–10% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs). Patients with BRAF mutant mCRC exhibit a specific metastatic pattern and poor prognosis. Survival outcomes are heterogeneous in cases of mCRC with a BRAF mutation. The optimal first‐line therapy is still controversial. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with mCRC between June 2010 and December 2021. Clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment and BRAF mutation testing results were collected. Patients with a BRAF mutation were included. Kaplan–Meier methods and log‐rank tests were used to analyze and compare survival. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to establish the predictive nomogram model. Results: Of the 4475 mCRC, 261 have a BRAF mutation, including 240 V600E and 21 non‐V600E mutants. The median overall survival (OS) was 18.2 months in the BRAF V600E mutant group versus 38.0 months in the non‐V600E mutant group (p = 0.022). ECOG score, tumor differentiation, liver metastasis, bone metastasis and primary tumor resection were independent prognostic factors for the OS of BRAF V600E mutant mCRC. A nomogram model was established using these factors. The median OS was 39.3 m, 18.2 m and 10.7 m for the low‐risk, intermediate‐risk and high‐risk groups defined by this model, respectively (p < 0.0001). Patients who received first‐line triplet chemotherapy ± bevacizumab had comparable progression free survival (PFS) and OS compared with those treated with doublets ± bevacizumab. Conclusion: BRAF V600E mutant mCRCs exhibit unfavorable and heterogeneous prognosis. The first‐line intensive chemotherapy did not confer a marked impact on the PFS and OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research advances (2018-2022) in health threats of light pollution are reviewed. • Effects of artificial light at night and blue light are emphasized. • Links between light pollution and highly concerned health effects are uncovered. • Toxicological mechanism of disrupting circadian rhythm is highlighted. • Efforts on regulating light pollution are discussed. The prevalence of artificial lights not only improves the lighting conditions for modern society, but also poses kinds of health threats to human health. Although there are regulations and standards concerning light pollution, few of them are based on the potential contribution of improper lighting to diseases. Therefore, a better understanding of the health threats induced by light pollution may promote risk assessment and better regulation of artificial lights, thereby a healthy lighting environment. This review is based on a careful collection of the latest papers from 2018 to 2022 about the health threats of light pollution, both epidemiologically and experimentally. In addition to summing up the novel associations of light pollution with obesity, mental disorders, cancer, etc., we highlight the toxicological mechanism of light pollution via circadian disruption, since light pollution directly interferes with the natural light-dark cycles, and damages the circadian photoentrainment of organisms. And by reviewing the alternations of clock genes and disturbance of melatonin homeostasis induced by artificial lights, we aim to excavate the profound impacts of light pollution based on accumulating studies, thus providing perspectives for future research and guiding relevant regulations and standards. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is emerging evidence that α1-blockers can be safely used in the treatment of hypertension. These drugs can be used in almost all hypertensive patients for blood pressure control. However, there are several special indications. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a compelling indication of α1-blockers, because of the dual treatment effect on both high blood pressure and lower urinary tract symptoms. Many patients with resistant hypertension would require α1-blockers as add-on therapy. Primary aldosteronism screen is a rapidly increasing clinical demand in the management of hypertension, where α1-blockers are useful for blood pressure control in the preparation for the measurement of plasma aldosterone and renin. Nonetheless, α1-blockers have to be used under several considerations. Among the currently available agents, only long-acting α1-blockers, such as doxazosin gastrointestinal therapeutic system 4-8 mg daily and terazosin 2-4 mg daily, should be chosen. Orthostatic hypotension is a concern with the use of α1-blockers especially in the elderly, and requires careful initial bedtime dosing and avoiding overdosing. Fluid retention is potentially also a concern, which may be overcome by combining an α1-blocker with a diuretic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Hyperelastic and superlight multifunctional MXene/nanocellulose composite aerogels with high conductivity are designed by constructing biomimetic texture. The MXene/nanocellulose aerogels as flexible pressure sensors exhibit appealing linear sensitivity performance (817.3 kPa−1). The as-prepared compressible supercapacitor with MXene/nanocellulose electrodes reveals superior electrochemical performance (849.2 mF cm−2 at 0.8 mA cm−2). Multifunctional architecture with intriguing structural design is highly desired for realizing the promising performances in wearable sensors and flexible energy storage devices. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is employed for assisting in building conductive, hyperelastic, and ultralight Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrid aerogels with oriented tracheid-like texture. The biomimetic hybrid aerogels are constructed by a facile bidirectional freezing strategy with CNF, carbon nanotube (CNT), and MXene based on synergistic electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. Entangled CNF and CNT "mortars" bonded with MXene "bricks" of the tracheid structure produce good interfacial binding, and superior mechanical strength (up to 80% compressibility and extraordinary fatigue resistance of 1000 cycles at 50% strain). Benefiting from the biomimetic texture, CNF/CNT/MXene aerogel shows ultralow density of 7.48 mg cm−3 and excellent electrical conductivity (~ 2400 S m−1). Used as pressure sensors, such aerogels exhibit appealing sensitivity performance with the linear sensitivity up to 817.3 kPa−1, which affords their application in monitoring body surface information and detecting human motion. Furthermore, the aerogels can also act as electrode materials of compressive solid-state supercapacitors that reveal satisfactory electrochemical performance (849.2 mF cm−2 at 0.8 mA cm−2) and superior long cycle compression performance (88% after 10,000 cycles at a compressive strain of 30%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An abundance of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the center of solid tumors is a reliable predictive biomarker for patients eligible for immunotherapy. Purpose: To develop a computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics signature for a preoperative prediction of an abundance of CD8+ TILs in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 117 consecutive patients with pathologically confirmed NSCLC were included and randomly divided into training (n = 77) and test sets (n = 40). A total of 107 radiomics features were extracted from the three-dimensional volumes of interest of each patient. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the strongest features for abundance of CD8+ TILs in NSCLC, and the radiomics score was constructed through a linear combination of these selected features. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive performance of the radiomics score. Results: The radiomics score was associated with an abundance of CD8+ TILs in NSCLC, which achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95% CI=0.73–0.92) and 0.68 (95% CI=0.54–0.87) in the training and test sets, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.20). The tumors with high CD8+ TILs tended to have heterogeneous dependences (high value of Dependence Non-Uniformity Normalized) and complicated texture (high value of Informational Measure of Correlation 1). Conclusion: CT-based radiomics features have the ability to predict CD8+ TILs expression levels of an abundance of CD8+ TILs in NSCLC, which was shown to be a potential imaging biomarker for stratifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physician trust is a critical determinant of the physician–patient relationship and is necessary for an effective health system. Few studies have investigated the association between acculturation and physician trust. Thus, this study analyzed the association between acculturation and physician trust among internal migrants in China by using a cross-sectional research design. Methods: Of the 2000 adult migrants selected using systematic sampling, 1330 participants were eligible. Among the eligible participants, 45.71% were female, and the mean age was 28.50 years old (standard deviation = 9.03). Multiple logistic regression was employed. Results: Our findings indicated that acculturation was significantly associated with physician trust among migrants. The length of stay (LOS), the ability of speaking Shanghainese, and the integration into daily life were identified as contributing factors for physician trust when controlling for all the covariates in the model. Conclusion: We suggest that specific LOS-based targeted policies and culturally sensitive interventions can promote acculturation among Shanghai's migrants and improve their physician trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing non-chromogenic nontuberculous Mycobacterium species that can cause skin infection or arthritis in an immunocompromised population or in children. Primary infection of the healthy adult cornea is rare. The special requirements for culture make this pathogen difficult to diagnose. The study aims to report the clinical manifestation and treatment process of corneal infection and notify the awareness of M. Haemophilus keratitis among clinicians. This is the first case report of primary M. haemophilum infection in the cornea of healthy adults reported in the literature. Case presentation: A 53-year-old healthy goldminer presented with left eye redness and a history of vision loss for four months. The patient was misdiagnosed with herpes simplex keratitis until M. haemophilum was detected using high-throughput sequencing. Penetrating keratoplasty was performed, and a large number of mycobacteria were detected by Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the infected tissue. Three months later, the patient developed conjunctival and eyelid skin infections that manifested as caseous necrosis of the conjunctiva and skin nodules. After excision and debridement of the conjunctival lesions and systemic antituberculosis drug treatment for 10 months, the patient was cured. Conclusion: M. haemophilum could cause primary corneal infection in healthy adults, which is an infrequent or rare infection. Owing to the need for special bacterial culture conditions, conventional culture methods do not provide positive results. High-throughput sequencing can rapidly identify the presence of bacteria, which aids in early diagnosis and timely treatment. Prompt surgical intervention is an effective treatment option for severe keratitis. Long-term systemic antimicrobial therapy is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the recent increase in carbon-based gas diffusion layer (GDL) usage for high-rate electrochemical reactors, the study on mitigating anodic corrosion associated with the GDL is imperative. In this study, the anodic corrosion of a high-rate electrochemical flow cell was evaluated using an on-line universal gas chromatography protocol with iridium oxide supported GDL (IrO 2 /GDL) as a model electrode, and it could be evidently alleviated in the alkaline media (1 M KOH) with an inert gas (Ar or N 2) environment within current densities of 500 mA cm−2. In addition, the quantitative CO 2 /CO formation rate and Faradaic efficiencies results, along with the qualitative hydrophobicity maintenance ability of the anode, revealed that the anodic oxidation reaction could be efficiently suppressed in the carbon support samples with both high graphitization and good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, such as the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Therefore, further modification of the carbon-based GDL itself may help to prevent its corrosion above 500 mA cm−2. This work is important for tracing the origin of electrocatalysis deactivation and directing the design of carbon materials for the future electrodes that involving the GDL on a high-rate electrochemical reactor. The anodic carbon corrosion on gas diffusion layer (GDL) of a high-rate electrochemical flow cell was investigated for tracing the origin of electrocatalysis deactivation and directing the design of carbon materials for the future electrodes that involving the GDL. [Display omitted] • An on-line GC protocol is proposed to evaluate carbon corrosion in a flow cell. • The carbon corrosion can be alleviated by optimizing the electrolyte pH and gas environment. • High crystallinity and OER activity of electrode are favorable for suppressing the carbon corrosion. • The hydrophobicity maintenance ability is developed to qualitatively assess the carbon corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a main type of squamous cell cancer, is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Recent reports suggested methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3)‐mediated N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification to be an essential regulator in the fate determination of stem cells. However, the functional significance of METTL3 in OSCC remains largely unknown. Methods: METTL3 expression was examined in OSCC patient samples, followed by correlation analysis against clinical tumor features. Functional assays, such as assessment of surface marker expression, colony forming, BrdU incorporation, tumor xenograft assay, and m6A dot blot, were conducted to study the impact of METTL3 knockdown (KD) in OSCC cells. Results: High METTL3 expression was positively correlated with more severe clinical features of OSCC tumors. METTL3 KD caused impairment of stem‐like capacities in OSCC cells, such as tumorigenicity in vivo and colony‐forming ability in vitro. Furthermore, METTL3‐KD and cycloleucine, a methylation inhibitor, decreased m6A levels and down‐regulated p38 expression in OSCC cells. On the contrary, the impaired cell proliferation capacity of OSCC cells after METTL3‐KD was restored by exogenous expression of p38. Conclusion: Our findings identified m6A methyltransferase METTL3 as a key element in the regulation of tumorigenesis in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study inventively combines epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression of the primary lesion and standardized uptake value (SUV) of positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) to predict the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive efficacy of maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and EGFR for treatment failure in patients with NPC. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the results of EGFR expression and pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT of 313 patients with NPC. Time-dependent receiver operator characteristics was used for analyzing results and selecting the optimal cutoff values. Cox regression was used to screen out multiple risk factors. Cumulative survival rate was calculated by Kaplan–Meier. Results: The selected cutoff value of SUVmax-T was 8.5. The patients were categorized into four groups according to EGFR expression and SUVmax-T. There were significant differences in the 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (p = 0.0083), locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) (p = 0.0077), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (p = 0.013), and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.0018) among the four groups. Patients in the EGFR-positive and SUVmax-T > 8.5 group had the worst survival, while patients in the EGFR-negative and SUVmax-T ≤ 8.5 group had the best prognosis. Subsequently, patients with only positive EGFR expression or high SUVmax-T were classified as the middle-risk group. There were also a significant difference in 3-year overall survival among the three risk groups (p = 0.034). SUVmax-T was associated with regional recurrence-free survival and LRRFS in multivariate analysis, whereas EGFR was an independent prognostic factor for LRRFS, DMFS, and PFS. Conclusion: The combination of SUVmax-T and EGFR expression can refine prognosis and indicate clinical therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess whether the high metabolic region of fluorine-18-fluorode-oxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the primary lesion is the crux for recurrence in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), to assess the feasibility and rationale for use of biological target volume (BTV) based on 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT). Methods: The retrospective study included 33 patients with NPC who underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT at the time of initial diagnosis as well as the time of diagnosis of local recurrence. Paired 18F-FDG-PET/CT images for primary and recurrent lesion were matched by deformation coregistration method to determine the cross-failure rate between two lesions. Results: The median volume of the Vpri (primary tumor volume using the SUV thresholds of 2.5), the Vhigh (the volume of high FDG uptake using the SUV50%max isocontour), and the Vrecur (the recurrent tumor volume using the SUV thresholds of 2.5) were 22.85, 5.57, and 9.98 cm3, respectively. The cross-failure rate of Vrecur∩high showed that 82.82% (27/33) of local recurrent lesions had < 50% overlap volume with the region of high FDG uptake. The cross-failure rate of Vrecur∩pri showed that 96.97% (32/33) of local recurrent lesions had > 20% overlap volume with the primary tumor lesions and the median cross rate was up to 71.74%. Conclusion: 18F-FDG-PET/CT may be a powerful tool for automatic target volume delineation, but it may not be the optimal imaging modality for dose escalation radiotherapy based on applicable isocontour. The combination of other functional imaging could delineate the BTV more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature greatly affects numerous biological processes in all organisms. How multicellular organisms respond to and are impacted by hypothermic stress remains elusive. Here, we found that cold-warm stimuli induced depletion of the RNA exosome complex in the nucleoli but enriched it in the nucleoplasm. To further understand the function and mechanism of cold-warm stimuli, we conducted forward genetic screening and identified ZTF-7, which is required for RNA exosome depletion from nucleoli upon transient cold-warm exposure in C. elegans. ZTF-7 is a putative ortholog of human ZNF277 that may contribute to language impairments. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) found that ZTF-7 interacted with RPS-2, which is a ribosomal protein of the small subunit and participates in pre-rRNA processing. A partial depletion of RPS-2 and other proteins of the small ribosomal subunit blocked the cold-warm stimuli-induced reduction of exosome subunits from the nucleoli. These results established a novel mechanism by which C. elegans responds to environmental cold-warm exposure. Author summary: Temperature is a very common stimuli for all organisms and widely affects biological processes. Physiological responses to sustain temperature changes constitute a critical adaptive mechanism for living organisms. Warm-blooded animals can maintain a fairly stable body temperature, but cold-blooded animals experience drastic shifts in body temperature. Many studies are focused on heat shock response, but how organisms respond to cold shock stimuli is largely unclear. Here, we observed that the RNA exosome, a highly conserved RNA processing machinery, responds to the hypothermic stress by altering its subcellular localization in C. elegans. The RNA exosome complex localized in nucleoli when the worms were grown at 20°C. A cold-warm treatment at 4°C for 3 hours followed by recovery at 20°C could deplete the RNA exosome from the nucleoli to nucleoplasm. A conserved zinc finger protein ZTF-7 is required for the cold-warm shock-induced exosome translocation. ZTF-7 is an ortholog of human ZNF277 that is likely involved in language impairment. ZTF-7 interacts with a small ribosomal subunit protein RPS-2. Additionally, other small ribosomal subunit proteins, for example RPS-0 and RPS-12, were also involved in the cold-warm shock-induced exosome translocation. We concluded that the ZTF-7/RPS-2 complex mediates a new cold-warm response pathway in C. elegans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is related to repeated upper airway collapse, intermittent hypoxia, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. The resulting damage to the intestinal barrier may affect or be affected by the intestinal microbiota. A prospective case–control was used, including 48 subjects from Sleep Medicine Center of Nanfang Hospital. Sleep apnea was diagnosed by overnight polysomnography. Fecal samples and blood samples were collected from subjects to detect fecal microbiome composition (by 16S rDNA gene amplification and sequencing) and intestinal barrier biomarkers—intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) and D-lactic acid (D-LA) (by ELISA and colorimetry, respectively). Plasma D-LA and I-FABP were significantly elevated in patients with OSA. The severity of OSA was related to differences in the structure and composition of the fecal microbiome. Enriched Fusobacterium, Megamonas, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006, and reduced Anaerostipes was found in patients with severe OSA. Enriched Ruminococcus_2, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006, and Alloprevotella was found in patients with high intestinal barrier biomarkers. Lachnoclostridium and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006 were the common dominant bacteria of OSA and intestinal barrier damage. Fusobacterium and Peptoclostridium was independently associated with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The dominant genera of severe OSA were also related to glucose, lipid, neutrophils, monocytes and BMI. Network analysis identified links between the fecal microbiome, intestinal barrier biomarkers, and AHI. The study confirms that changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with intestinal barrier biomarkers among patients in OSA. These changes may play a pathophysiological role in the systemic inflammation and metabolic comorbidities associated with OSA, leading to multi-organ morbidity of OSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis involving the presence and growth of glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity is a common, inflammatory, benign gynecologic disease. Nevertheless, no single theory can exactly account for the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Telocytes, a kind of novel mesenchymal cells, have been suggested to be crucial in promoting angiogenesis and increasing the activity of endometrial interstitial cells and inflammatory cells. Given above roles, telocytes may be considered as the possible pathogenesis of endometriosis. We reviewed the current literature on telocytes. The following aspects were considered: (A) the telocytes' typical characteristics, function, and morphological changes in endometriosis; (B) the potential role of telocytes in endometriosis by impacting the inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis; (C) telocytes as the potential treatment options for endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine algae contain abundant polysaccharides that support a range of health-promoting activities; however, the high molecular weight, high viscosity, and low solubility of marine algae polysaccharides (MAPs) limit their application in food, agriculture and medicine. Thus, as the degradation products of MAPs, marine algae oligosaccharides (MAOs) have drawn increasing attention. Most MAOs are non-digestible by digestive enzyme in the human gastrointestinal tract, but are fermented by bacteria in the gut and converted into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). MAOs can selectively enhance the activities of some populations of beneficial bacteria and stimulate a series of prebiotic effects, such as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-tumour. However, the exact structures of MAOs and their prebiotic activities are, to a large extent, unexplored. This review summarizes recent advances in the sources, categories, and structure analysis methods of MAOs, emphasizing their effects on gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs as well as the resulting range of probiotic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]