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Flow Shop Scheduling (FSS) has been widely researched due to its application in many types of fields, while the human participant brings great challenges to this problem. Manpower scheduling captures attention for assigning workers with diverse proficiency to the appropriate stages, which is of great significance to production efficiency. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm called Self-encoding Barnacle Mating Optimizer (SBMO), which solves the FSS problem considering worker proficiency, defined as a new problem, Flow Shop Manpower Scheduling Problem (FSMSP). The highlight of the SBMO algorithm is the combination with the encoding method, crossover and mutation operators. Moreover, in order to solve the local optimum problem, we design a neighborhood search scheme. Finally, the extensive comparison simulations are conducted to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SBMO. The results indicate the effectiveness of SBMO in approximate ratio, powerful stability, and execution time, compared with the classic and popular counterparts.

The clinical and economic burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) poses a global challenge. Growing evidence suggests an early assessment of arterial stiffness can provide insights into the pathogenesis of CVDs. However, it remains difficult to quantitatively characterize the arterial stiffness in vivo. Here we utilize the guided elastic waves continuously excited and detected by ultrasound as a tool to probe the blood pressure (BP) and mechanical properties of the common carotid artery (CCA) simultaneously. In a pilot study of 17 healthy volunteers, we obverse a ~20% variation in the group velocity (5.16 m/s in systole and 4.31 m/s in diastole) induced by variation of the BP. A linear relationship between the square of the group velocity and the BP is revealed by our experimental data and finite element analysis, which enables us to measure the waveform of the BP. Furthermore, we propose to use the wavelet analysis to extract the dispersion relation of the guided waves, which provides a quantitative measurement of the arterial stiffness. The results and methods reported in this study show the group velocity and dispersion relation of the guided waves can be adopted to probe BP and arterial stiffness noninvasively and thus promising for early diagnosis of the CVDs., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures

The performance of full-duplex (FD) relay systems can be greatly impacted by the self-interference (SI) at relays. By exploiting multi-antenna in FD relay systems, the spectral efficiency of FD relay systems can be enhanced through spatial SI mitigation. This paper studies joint source transmit beamforming and relay processing to achieve rate maximization for FD MIMO amplify-and-forward (AF) relay systems with consideration of relay processing delay. The problem is difficult to solve due mainly to the SI constraint induced by the relay processing delay. In this paper, we first present a sufficient condition under which the relay amplification matrix has rank one structure. Then, for the case of rank one amplification matrix, the rate maximization problem is equivalently simplified into an unconstrained problem which can be locally solved using gradient ascent method. Next, we propose a penalty-based algorithmic framework, called P-BSUM, for a class of constrained optimization problems which have difficult equality constraints in addition to some convex constraints. By rewriting the rate maximization problem with a set of auxiliary variables, we apply the P-BSUM algorithm to the rate maximization problem in the general case. Finally, numerical results validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and show that the joint source-relay design approach under the rank one assumption could be strictly suboptimal as compared to the P-BSUM-based joint source-relay design approach., Comment: submitted to TSP, 14 pages, 6 figures. It was in part presented in ICASSP2016

The energy consumption in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSN) is much greater than that in traditional wireless sensor networks. Thus, it is a huge challenge to remain the perpetual operation for WMSN. In this paper, we propose a new heterogeneous energy supply model for WMSN through the coexistence of renewable energy and electricity grid. We address to cross-layer optimization for the multiple multicast with distributed source coding and intra-session network coding in heterogeneous powered wireless multimedia sensor networks (HPWMSN) with correlated sources. The aim is to achieve the optimal reconstruct distortion at sinks and the minimal cost of purchasing electricity from electricity grid. Based on the Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty with perturbation technique and dual decomposition technique, we propose a fully distributed dynamic cross-layer algorithm, including multicast routing, source rate control, network coding, session scheduling and energy management, only requiring knowledge of the instantaneous system state. The explicit trade-off between the optimization objective and queue backlog is theoretically proven. Finally, the simulation results verify the theoretic claims., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1410.1973

The delay guarantee is a challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where energy constraints must be considered. The coexistence of renewable energy and electricity grid is expected as a promising energy supply manner for WSNs to remain function for a potentially infinite lifetime. In this paper, we address cross-layer control to guarantee worse case delay for Heterogeneous Powered (HP) WSNs. We design a novel virtual delay queue structure, and apply the Lyapunov optimization technique to develop cross-layer control algorithm only requiring knowledge of the instantaneous system state, which provides efficient throughput-utility, and guarantees bounded worst-case delay. We analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and verify the theoretic claims through the simulation results. Compared to the existing work, the algorithm presented in this paper achieves much higher optimal objective value with ultralow data drop due to the proposed novel virtual queue structure.

Recently, utilizing renewable energy for wireless system has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the instable energy supply and the limited battery capacity, renewable energy cannot guarantee to provide the perpetual operation for wireless sensor networks (WSN). The coexistence of renewable energy and electricity grid is expected as a promising energy supply manner to remain function for a potentially infinite lifetime. In this paper, we propose a new system model suitable for WSN, taking into account multiple energy consumptions due to sensing, transmission and reception, heterogeneous energy supplies from renewable energy, electricity grid and mixed energy, and multidimension stochastic natures due to energy harvesting profile, electricity price and channel condition. A discrete-time stochastic cross-layer optimization problem is formulated to achieve the optimal trade-off between the time-average rate utility and electricity cost subject to the data and energy queuing stability constraints. The Lyapunov drift-plus-penalty with perturbation technique and block coordinate descent method is applied to obtain a fully distributed and low-complexity cross-layer algorithm only requiring knowledge of the instantaneous system state. The explicit trade-off between the optimization objective and queue backlog is theoretically proven. Finally, the extensive simulations verify the theoretic claims., Comment: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Under Second Round Review after Major Revision

Due to the unique physical-layer characteristics associated with MIMO and cognitive radio (CR), the network performance is tightly coupled with mechanisms at the physical, link, network, and transport layers. In this paper, we consider an energy-efficient cross-layer optimization problem in multihop MIMO CR networks. The objective is to balance the weighted network utility and weighted power consumption of SU sessions, with a minimum PU transmission rate constraint and SU power consumption constraints. However, this problem is highly challenging due to the nonconvex PU rate constraint. We propose a solution that features linearization-based alternative optimization method and a heuristic primal recovery method. We further develop a distributed algorithm to jointly optimize covariance matrix at each transmitting SU node, bandwidth allocation at each SU link, rate control at each session source and multihop/multi-path routing. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed distributed algorithm is close to that of the centralized algorithm, and the proposed framework provides an efficient way to significantly save power consumption, while achieving the network utility very close to that achieved with full power consumption., Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Vehicle Technology

This paper considers a basic MIMO information-energy (I-E) broadcast system, where a multi-antenna transmitter transmits information and energy simultaneously to a multi-antenna information receiver and a dual-functional multi-antenna energy receiver which is also capable of decoding information. Due to the open nature of wireless medium and the dual purpose of information and energy transmission, secure information transmission while ensuring efficient energy harvesting is a critical issue for such a broadcast system. Assuming that physical layer security techniques are applied to the system to ensure secure transmission from the transmitter to the information receiver, we study beamforming design to maximize the achievable secrecy rate subject to a total power constraint and an energy harvesting constraint. First, based on semidefinite relaxation, we propose global optimal solutions to the secrecy rate maximization (SRM) problem in the single-stream case and a specific full-stream case where the difference of Gram matrices of the channel matrices is positive semidefinite. Then, we propose a simple iterative algorithm named inexact block coordinate descent (IBCD) algorithm to tackle the SRM problem of general case with arbitrary number of streams. We proves that the IBCD algorithm can monotonically converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) solution to the SRM problem. Furthermore, we extend the IBCD algorithm to the joint beamforming and artificial noise design problem. Finally, simulations are performed to validate the performance of the proposed beamforming algorithms., Comment: Submitted to journal for possible publication. First submission to arXiv Mar. 14 2014

This paper studies a multi-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) downlink system for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT), in which a set of single-antenna mobile stations (MSs) receive information and energy simultaneously via power splitting (PS) from the signal sent by a multi-antenna base station (BS). We aim to minimize the total transmission power at BS by jointly designing transmit beamforming vectors and receive PS ratios for all MSs under their given signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints for information decoding and harvested power constraints for energy harvesting. First, we derive the sufficient and necessary condition for the feasibility of our formulated problem. Next, we solve this non-convex problem by applying the technique of semidefinite relaxation (SDR). We prove that SDR is indeed tight for our problem and thus achieves its global optimum. Finally, we propose two suboptimal solutions of lower complexity than the optimal solution based on the principle of separating the optimization of transmit beamforming and receive PS, where the zero-forcing (ZF) and the SINR-optimal based transmit beamforming schemes are applied, respectively., Comment: submitted to IEEE TWC for second review

We consider power allocations in downlink cellular wireless systems where the basestations are equipped with multiple transmit antennas and the mobile users are equipped with single receive antennas. Such systems can be modeled as multiuser MISO systems. We assume that the multi-antenna transmitters employ some fixed beamformers to transmit data, and the objective is to optimize the power allocation for different users to satisfy certain QoS constraints, with imperfect transmitter-side channel state information (CSI). Specifically, for MISO interference channels, we consider the transmit power minimization problem and the max-min SINR problem. For MISO broadcast channels, we consider the MSE-constrained transmit power minimization problem. All these problems are formulated as probability-constrained optimization problems. We make use of the Bernstein approximation to conservatively transform the probabilistic constraints into deterministic ones, and consequently convert the original stochastic optimization problems into convex optimization problems. However, the transformed problems cannot be straightforwardly solved using standard solver, since one of the constraints is itself an optimization problem. We employ the long-step logarithmic barrier cutting plane (LLBCP) algorithm to overcome difficulty. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the performance advantage over some existing methods., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures

The transmission rate, delivery reliability and network lifetime are three fundamental but conflicting design objectives in energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we address the optimal rate-reliability-lifetime tradeoff with link capacity constraint, reliability constraint and energy constraint. By introducing the weight parameters, we combine the objectives at rate, reliability, and lifetime into a single objective to characterize the tradeoff among them. However, the optimization formulation of the rate-reliability-reliability tradeoff is neither separable nor convex. Through a series of transformations, a separable and convex problem is derived, and an efficient distributed Subgradient Dual Decomposition algorithm (SDD) is proposed. Numerical examples confirm its convergence. Also, numerical examples investigate the impact of weight parameters on the rate utility, reliability utility and network lifetime, which provide a guidance to properly set the value of weight parameters for a desired performance of WSNs according to the realistic application's requirements., Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures