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Many societies around the world are rapidly aging and this has implications for social and economic development. We collect data on NEEQ-listed enterprises from 2010 to 2021 in China and empirically test the effect of population aging on the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings show that population aging has a significant positive impact on SME digital transformation, and private enterprises and enterprises in eastern regions of China tend to benefit more than other regions. The mechanism studies find that population aging positively impacts SME digital transformation by increasing labor costs, facilitating human capital accumulation, and raising savings rates. Furthermore, the threshold effect analyses find that the marginal promotion effect of population aging will weaken with greater aging and will strengthen with a higher level of marketization. Finally, we provide policy recommendations for promoting digital transformation in SMEs against the background of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a type of mixed-delay quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) under impulsive and stochastic disturbances. The considered QVNNs model are treated as a whole, rather than as complex-valued neural networks (NNs) or four real-valued NNs. Using the vector Lyapunov function method, some criteria are provided for securing the mean-square exponential stability of the mixed-delay QVNNs under impulsive and stochastic disturbances. Furthermore, a type of chaotic QVNNs under stochastic and impulsive disturbances is considered using a previously established stability analysis method. After the completion of designing the linear feedback control law, some sufficient conditions are obtained using the vector Lyapunov function method for determining the mean-square exponential synchronization of drive–response systems. Finally, two examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness and feasibility of the main findings and one example is provided to validate the use of QVNNs for image associative memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune checkpoints (ICPs) can promote tumor growth and prevent immunity‐induced cancer cell apoptosis. Fortunately, targeting ICPs, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA‐4), has achieved great success in the past few years and has gradually become an effective treatment for cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, many patients do not respond to ICP therapy due to acquired resistance and recurrence. Therefore, clarifying the specific mechanisms of ICP in the development of HCC is very important for enhancing the efficacy of anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐CTLA‐4 therapy. In particular, antigen presentation and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) signaling were reported to be involved in the development of resistance. In this review, we have explained the role and regulatory mechanisms of ICP therapy in HCC pathology. Moreover, we have also elaborated on combinations of ICP inhibitors and other treatments to enhance the antitumor effect. Collectively, recent advances in the pharmacological targeting of ICPs provide insights for the development of a novel alternative treatment for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new normal period, the trend changes and adjustments of the environment such as international trade, production capacity, labor supply and resource constraints have put forward new requirements for China's industrial development, which have brought new challenges and given new opportunities. In the new normal stage where economic growth continues to decline, industrial growth is still an important support for economic growth. The advancement of industrial technology is the main driving force for improving the total factor productivity of the industrial industry. Therefore, the most important thing to promote industrial growth is to upgrade the level of industrial technology. In response to the above-mentioned problems, this paper analyzed the relationship between industrial technology and industrial output in the new normal environment by using the BP neural network (BPNN) algorithm. The connection between the two has been found, which provided a clear direction for the functional adjustment of economic law. Experimental studies have shown that there is a positive relationship between industrial technological progress and industrial output. When other conditions are the same, and when the non-new normal is selected, industrial output increases by about 0.36% for every 1% increase in industrial technological progress. When choosing to be in the new normal, industrial technological progress has a higher impact on industrial output. For every 1% increase in technological progress, industrial output increases by about 0.39%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ubiquitination plays an important role in proliferating and invasive characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM), similar to many other cancers. Tripartite motif 25 (TRIM25) is a member of the TRIM family of proteins, which are involved in tumorigenesis through substrate ubiquitination. Methods: Difference in TRIM25 expression levels between nonneoplastic brain tissue samples and primary glioma samples was demonstrated using publicly available glioblastoma database, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. TRIM25 knockdown GBM cell lines (LN229 and U251) and patient derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) GBM#021 were used to investigate the function of TRIM25 in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and mass spectrometry analysis were performed to identify NONO as a protein that interacts with TRIM25. The molecular mechanisms underlying the promotion of GBM development by TRIM25 through NONO were investigated by RNA-seq and validated by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: We observed upregulation of TRIM25 in GBM, correlating with enhanced glioblastoma cell growth and invasion, both in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, we screened a panel of proteins interacting with TRIM25; mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation revealed that NONO was a potential substrate of TRIM25. TRIM25 knockdown reduced the K63-linked ubiquitination of NONO, thereby suppressing the splicing function of NONO. Dysfunctional NONO resulted in the retention of the second intron in the pre-mRNA of PRMT1, inhibiting the activation of the PRMT1/c-MYC pathway. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that TRIM25 promotes glioblastoma cell growth and invasion by regulating the PRMT1/c-MYC pathway through mediation of the splicing factor NONO. Targeting the E3 ligase activity of TRIM25 or the complex interactions between TRIM25 and NONO may prove beneficial in the treatment of GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Bensulfuron‐methyl (BSM) is a widely used herbicide in rice cultivation, but the mechanisms underlying its efficient uptake in rice are poorly understood. In this study, a yeast library expressing 1385 rice transporters was employed to screen proteins sensitive to BSM. As a result, a cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (CNGC) protein, OsCNGC12, was identified. By inactivating the OsCNGC12 function via gene editing, we developed BSM‐tolerant rice lines. Our results showed that the OsCNGC12 mutant rice not only reduced BSM uptake but also promoted Ca2+ influx in the roots, leading to enhanced non‐target‐site tolerance to BSM. OsCNGC12 is localized in the plasma membrane and is abundantly expressed in the root caps, root vascular bundles, stems, and leaves, indicating its vital role in the distribution of BSM in rice. The indispensability of His‐236, Gln‐240, and Arg‐268 in BSM perception in yeast was demonstrated through targeted mutagenesis of OsCNGC12. Furthermore, we developed a BSM seed coating agent for OsCNGC12 mutant rice, providing a simplified and cost‐effective means of weed control in direct‐seeded rice. Inclusion, this study showed that disruption of OsCNGC12 confers non‐target‐site tolerance to BSM in rice and has the potential for developing BSM‐resistant rice varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial cell walls. They have emerged as promising antibacterial agents suitable for integration into food processing systems. Their application as food preservatives can effectively regulate pathogens, thus contributing to an overall improvement in food safety. This review summarizes the latest techniques considering endolysins' potential for food safety. These techniques include native and engineered endolysins for controlling bacterial contamination at different points within the food production chain. However, we find that characterizing endolysins through in vitro methods proves to be time consuming and resource intensive. Alternatively, the emergence of advanced high-throughput sequencing technology necessitates the creation of a robust computational framework to efficiently characterize recently identified endolysins, paving the way for future research. Machine learning encompasses potent tools capable of analyzing intricate datasets and pattern recognition. This study briefly reviewed the use of these industry 4.0 technologies for advancing the research in food industry. We aimed to provide current status of endolysins in food industry and new insights by implementing these industry 4.0 strategies revolutionizes endolysin development. It will enhance food safety, customization, efficiency, transparency, and collaboration while reducing regulatory hurdles and ensuring timely product availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emotional mimicry, a phenomenon frequently observed in our everyday interactions, is the act of replicating another individual's facial expression. The Emotion Mimicry in Context View and the Correction Hypothesis underscore the critical role of context and intention within emotional mimicry. Methods: In two distinct studies, participants were presented with facial expressions of models (happiness and anger) within various contexts (affiliative, distancing, and neutral). Concurrently, we recorded electromyography (EMG) to index emotional mimicry, while participants explicitly rated the models' intentions. Results: We observed context swiftly influences emotional mimicry within 500 ms, notably when the intentions of contexts are opposing to the intentions of facial expressions, leading to weakened muscle responses and diminished perceived intention. Furthermore, a notable correlation was discovered in the mimicry of angry faces; the more distancing the context, the stronger the corrugator supercilii (CS) muscle activity after context processing. Conclusions: First, emotional mimicry should not be simply viewed as an output corresponding to the expresser's facial expressions but the dynamic process involving the active participation of the observer. Second, intention serves as a pivotal anchor, effectively integrating facial and contextual information. As such, we provided empirical support for the Correction Hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The immunity‐related GTPases (IRGs) belong to the interferon‐inducible GTPase protein family, which mediates cell autonomous and innate immunity response to intracellular pathogens. Yet, the cellular and physiological function of IRGC, a member of the IRG subfamily, has not been elucidated. Here, we show that testis‐specific IRGC is specifically and highly expressed in mature spermatozoa and is required for sperm motility. IRGC induction results in the clustering of lipid droplets and initiation of their physical contact with mitochondria. When examining clinical semen samples, IRGC expression is significantly lower in asthenozoospermia patients relative to healthy individuals. These unique effects of IRGC identify it as an important player in sperm motility, and show the potential of lipid metabolism‐targeting therapeutic intervention aimed at controlling asthenozoospermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrated α-syn (nitro-α-syn) is a biomarker for Parkinson's desease (PD), and its sensitive detection in serum is of great importance for early PD diagnosis. Silver-coated copper MOF (Cu-MOF@Ag) with outstanding oxidase activity and electrochemical response property was designed and synthesized. Cu-MOF@Ag exhibited excellent oxidase activity with a low Km value (0.568 mM), avoiding the addition of strong oxidant to catalyze chromogenic substrate, which enhanced the colorimetric stability. Silver nanoparticles as an electrochemical signal reporter can be easily decorated on the surface of Cu-MOF with bifunctional groups (-SH and -NH2) material, which can increase the electrochemical signal output. The α-syn antibody modified Cu-MOF@Ag and nitro-α-syn modified magnetic nanoparticle were used as immunoprobes to specifically capture nitro-α-syn. A dual-modal immunosensor was fabricated for the simple and reliable detection of nitro-α-syn based on Cu-MOF@Ag. Combing colorimetric and electrochemical detection, nitro-α-syn can be determined quantitatively within a wide linear range (10–350 ng/mL) with low detection limit (0.5 ng/mL). The ability of the sensor with magnetic separation and dual signal analysis allowed to successfully detect nitro-α-syn and distinguish PD patients from healthy people (P < 0.005). Thanks to its excellent selectivity, stability, and the precision of 2.69%, the dual-modal sensor has potential clinical application for nitro-α-syn detection and paves a new way for PD diagnosis at its early stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the major form of pancreatic cancer with the worst outcomes. Early detection is key to improving the overall survival rate of PDAC patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNA (miRNA) signatures in plasma small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are potential biomarkers for the early detection of PDAC. However, published results are inconsistent due to the heterogeneity of plasma small EVs and the methods used for small EV isolation. We have recently refined the process of plasma small EV isolation using double filtration and ultracentrifugation. In the present study, we applied this protocol and analyzed plasma small EV miRNA signatures by small RNA sequencing and quantitative RT-PCR in a pilot cohort, consisting of patients with early-stage PDAC, and age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (n = 20). We found, via small RNA sequencing, that there are several miRNAs enriched in plasma small EVs of PDAC patients, and the levels of miR-18a and miR-106a were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR to be significantly elevated in patients with early-stage PDAC compared with age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Furthermore, using an immunoaffinity-based plasma small EV isolation approach, we confirmed that the levels of miR-18a and miR-106a in plasma small EVs were significantly higher in PDAC patients versus the healthy subjects. We thus conclude that the levels of miR-18a and miR-106a in plasma small EVs are promising biomarkers for the early detection of PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honeycomb structure composites are taking an increasing proportion in aircraft manufacturing because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, good fatigue resistance, and low manufacturing cost. However, the hollow structure is very prone to liquid ingress. Here, we report a fast and automatic classification approach for water, alcohol, and oil filled in glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) honeycomb structures through terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). We propose an improved one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model, and compared it with long short-term memory (LSTM) and ordinary 1D-CNN models, which are classification networks based on one dimension sequenced signals. The automated liquid classification results show that the LSTM model has the best performance for the time-domain signals, while the improved 1D-CNN model performed best for the frequency-domain signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore the role of C‐reactive protein (CRP) in periodontitis and diabetes and its mechanism in alveolar bone homeostasis. Materials and Methods: In vivo, normal, and Crp knockout (KO) rats were randomly divided into control, diabetes, periodontitis, and diabetes and periodontitis groups, respectively. The diabetes model was established using a high‐fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection. The periodontitis model was established by ligature combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Alveolar bones were analysed using micro‐computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were treated with LPS and high glucose. CRP knockdown lentivirus or CRP overexpression adenovirus combined with a PI3K/AKT signalling inhibitor or agonist were used to explore the regulatory mechanism of CRP in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis of hPDLCs, as evidenced by alkaline phosphatase staining, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: In periodontitis and diabetes, CRP KO decreased the alveolar bone loss and the expression levels of osteoclastogenic markers, while increasing the expression levels of osteogenic markers. CRP constrained osteogenesis while promoting the osteoclastogenesis of hPDLCs via PI3K/AKT signalling under high glucose and pro‐inflammatory conditions. Conclusions: CRP inhibits osteogenesis and promotes osteoclastogenesis via PI3K/AKT signalling under diabetic and pro‐inflammatory conditions, thus perturbing alveolar bone homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to use bioinformatics methods to quickly and accurately locate the effective targets of traditional Chinese medicine monomer (TCM) is still an urgent problem needing to be solved. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing to identify the genes that were up-regulated after cells were treated with TCM monomers and used bioinformatics methods to analyze which transcription factors activated these genes. Then, the binding proteins of these transcription factors were analyzed and cross-analyzed with the docking proteins predicted by small molecule reverse docking software to quickly and accurately determine the monomer's targets. Followeding this method, we predicted that the TCM monomer Daphnoretin (DT) directly binds to JAK2 with a binding energy of −5.43 kcal/mol, and activates the JAK2/STAT3 signaling transduction pathway. Subsequent Western blotting and in vitro binding and kinase experiments further validated our bioinformatics predictions. Our method provides a new approach for quickly and accurately locating the effective targets of TCM monomers, and we also have discovered for the first time that TCM monomer DT is an agonist of JAK2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adopted the ground shock effective crater volume as the energy source of the underground explosion, and an equivalent calculation method for ground shock effects in cratering explosion was proposed. • A theoretical conversion method between the three the coupling coefficient of equivalent yield, the coupling coefficient of ground shock energy, and the coupling coefficient of ground shock parameter has been developed. • The changing patterns between the size of visible craters, ground shock effective craters and coupled ground shock energy were revealed. The ground shock induced by underground explosion poses a serious threat to underground projects. Currently, a unified calculation method for ground shock effects coupled with cratering effect has not been established owing to limited test data. This study adopted the ground shock effective crater volume as the energy source of the underground explosion. An equivalent calculation method for ground shock effects in cratering explosion was proposed. A theoretical conversion method between the three the coupling coefficient of equivalent yield, the coupling coefficient of ground shock energy, and the coupling coefficient of ground shock parameter has been developed. Through explosion simulation tests with varying burial depths in clay media, the changing patterns between the size of visible craters, ground shock effective craters and coupled ground shock energy were revealed. A numerical calculation model was established to investigate the relationship between the ground shock effective crater size and energy coupling of the ground shock in detail. By comparing and analyzing the theoretical, experimental, and numerical simulation results, the relationship between the explosive coupling coefficient of ground shock energy and the scaled depth of burial (SDOB) of clay was presented. The research results indicated that there was a linear relationship between the underground explosion compression crater volume (or fragmentation zone volume) and the ground shock energy. The test and numerical simulation analysis results validated the correctness of the coupling coefficient of ground shock conversion calculation method. The obtained clay coupling coefficient of equivalent yield function expression can accurately and rapidly predict the ground shock effect of underground explosions, providing a calculation basis for the anti-explosion design of underground engineering under clay geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Plumage color is one of the economic characteristics of poultry. The most common plumage colors in adult geese are white and grey, so research on goose plumage color is relatively scarce compared with the molecular basis of research on chicken plumage color inheritance. Nevertheless, whether the formation of a black phenotype on the Holdobaggy geese newborn dorsal plumage color is associated with gender needs further profound study. Our study researched the gender identification of the newborn Holdobaggy geese based on plumage color and the expression levels of relative genes for melanin, which offers a theoretical basis for gender identification. In production practice, we have found that the gray and black down on the backs of the Holdobaggy goslings is usually darker in females than in males. Melanin is the key pigment affecting the color of poultry plumage. Therefore, to determine whether the darkness of the dorsal plumage of the Holdobaggy goslings is related to sex, we study the melanin in the feather follicles of the dorsal skin during the embryonic period. The feather follicle structure and melanin distribution on the dorsal surface of the goose embryo is observed by HE staining and melanin-specific staining. The melanin content in the feather follicles of the dorsal skin of goslings is determined by ELISA. The results showed that the melanin content is higher in female geese than in males (p < 0.05). In addition, we also analyze the mRNA and protein expression levels of melanin-related genes (TYRP1 and ASIP) by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis. The results show that the mRNA expression level of TYRP1 is significantly higher in the females' dorsal skin feather follicles (p < 0.05), while the mRNA expression level of ASIP is significantly higher in the dorsal skin feather follicles of male geese (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the difference between males and females in the color of the black feathers on the dorsal track of the Holdobaggy goslings is verified, and it is feasible to identify the sex by the initial plumage color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC microgrids have drawn more and more attention in industrial applications. However, achieving efficient and reliable interruption of faults is still a challenging task in dc microgrids. In this article, a reliable bidirectional solid-state circuit breaker (RB-SSCB) is proposed for dc microgrid protection. The proposed RB-SSCB can break and rebreak bidirectional faults with no fault current surges to the source and load, and its breaking capability is stable and controllable. Consequently, when compared with the existing SSCBs, the RB-SSCB can provide more reliable protection for dc microgrids. Increased power efficiency, reduced costs, and simplified structure can also be obtained in the proposed topology. Based on circuit analysis and modeling, design guidelines for selecting the components in the RB-SSCB are given. Finally, a laboratory prototype has been built to verify the practical value and the feasibility of the proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese ion (Mn2+) generated from metallurgical, steel making and chemical industries enters sewage treatment plants and affects the sludge activity and flocculation. The effect of Mn2+ on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus (TP) and sludge activity were investigated in anoxic zone of an anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process. The compositions and structures of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were characterized using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal the relationship among Mn2+, EPS and sludge flocculation. The results showed that low concentration of Mn2+ (<5 mg/L) improved removal efficiencies of COD and TP and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the addition of Mn2+ increased total EPS, sludge contact angle, Zeta potential and sludge particle size, and thus enhanced sludge flocculation. However, high concentration of Mn2+ (>10 mg/L) hindered microbial flocculation and reduced removal efficiencies of the pollutants. When Mn2+was 5 mg/L, removal efficiencies of COD and TP reached 65% and 90%, respectively. Sludge flocculation was the best and SVI was 70.56 mL/g. The changes of Mn2+ concentration caused deviation of groups' compositions in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, where the main components were always protein (PN) and polysaccharide (PS). The addition of Mn2+ resulted in the degradation of humic acids. However, it did not give rise to significant morphology changes of EPS. The changes of EPS and microbial phosphorus removal of anoxic sludge under different concentration of Mn2+ in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2O) process. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photonic band structures of waves in configuration-periodic equilateral polygonal networks (EPNs) are studied in the paper. The results indicate that comb-like optical transmission spectrum can be realized by EPNs.The number, width, and range of continuous equidistant frequency bands can be controlled conveniently by adjusting the waveguide length and the unit cell numbers of upper arm. Those comb-like frequency bands have potential in the design optical narrowband filters, multichannel filters, and optical switching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76, two close members of WRKY transcription factors, function together as transcriptional repressors. OsWRKY62 is predominantly localized in the cytosol. What are the regulatory factors for OsWRKY62 nuclear translocation? Results In this study, we characterized the interaction of OsWRKY62 and OsWRKY76 with rice importin, OsIMα1a and OsIMα1b, for nuclear translocation. Chimeric OsWRKY62.1-GFP, which is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, was translocated to the nucleus of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells in the presence of OsIMα1a or OsIMαΔIBB1a lacking the auto-inhibitory importin β-binding domain. OsIMαΔIBB1a interacted with the WRKY domain of OsWRKY62.1, which has specific bipartite positively charged concatenated amino acids functioning as a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Similarly, we found that OsIMαΔIBB1a interacted with the AvrPib effector of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which contains a scattered distribution of positively charged amino acids. Furthermore, we identified a nuclear export signal (NES) in OsWRKY62.1 that inhibited nuclear transportation. Overexpression of OsIMα1a or OsIMα1b enhanced resistance to M. oryzae, whereas knockout mutants decreased resistance to the pathogen. However, overexpressing both OsIMα1a and OsWRKY62.1 were slightly more susceptible to M. oryzae than OsWRKY62.1 alone. Ectopic overexpression of OsWRKY62.1-NES fused gene compromised the enhanced susceptibility of OsWRKY62.1 to M. oryzae. Conclusion These results revealed the existence of NLS and NES in OsWRKY62. OsWRKY62, OsWRKY76, and AvrPib effector translocate to nucleus in association with importin α1s through new types of nuclear localization signals for negatively regulating defense responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is involved in regulating the body's immunity, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Members of the STAT family have been extensively studied in different mammalian species. However, there are few studies on the STAT family genes in farmed economic fish. In this study, eight STAT genes including STAT1a , STAT1b, STAT2 , STAT3 , STAT4 , STAT5a , STAT5b and STAT6 , in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), an economically important fish in China, were identified and characterized. Analyses of gene location, phylogeny and conserved synteny were conducted to infer the evolutionary origin of these STAT family genes. Furthermore, the evolutionary origin model of STATs was constructed based on the 2R hypothesis and teleost genome duplication (TGD) hypothesis, which clarified the evolutionary origin of the eight STATs in blunt snout bream. Besides, expression of the eight STATs was detected in 10 tissues of healthy blunt snout bream, which showed different expression patterns, and all had the highest level in the blood. In addition, expression of the STATs was significantly induced in the spleen, liver, and kidney after infection of Aeromonas hydrophila , suggesting that they play an important role in protecting the host from pathogens. In general, the evolution of cytokine-related genes parallels that of the immune system, which has likely been a main evolutionary driver. Therefore, the evolutionary model of STAT genes, constructed in the non-model organism pioneeringly, may provide some enlightenment for the evolution of the fish STAT family genes and their involvement in the immune function. • Eight STAT genes were identified in blunt snout bream. • An evolutionary model of the STAT family genes was constructed. • Expression of STAT genes was detected in healthy blunt snout bream. • Expression of STAT genes was examined after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress is an early predictor of atherosclerosis, which can cause various cardiovascular diseases. The glycocalyx layer on the endothelial cell surface acts as a barrier to maintain endothelial biological function, and it can be impaired by oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of glycocalyx damage during the development of atherosclerosis remains largely unclear. Herein, we established a novel strategy to address these issues from the glycomic perspective that has long been neglected. Using countercharged fluorescence protein staining and quantitative mass spectrometry, we found that heparan sulfate, a major component of the glycocalyx, was structurally altered by oxidative stress. Comparative proteomics and protein microarray analysis revealed several new heparan sulfate-binding proteins, among which alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) was identified as a critical protein. The molecular mechanism of AHSG with heparin was characterized through several methods. A heparan analog could relieve atherosclerosis by protecting heparan sulfate from degradation during oxidative stress and by reducing the accumulation of AHSG at lesion sites. In the present study, the molecular mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effect of heparin through interaction with AHSG was revealed. These findings provide new insights into understanding of glycocalyx damage in atherosclerosis and lead to the development of corresponding therapeutics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to characterize the hypertension incidence among PLWH on antiretroviral therapy, focusing on the effect of change in general and abdominal obesity on hypertension during follow-up. This was a prospective analysis of 229 treated PLWH aged over 40 years without hypertension at baseline. Overall a median follow-up of 2.9 years, 26.2% PLWH developed hypertension. In multivariable models, compared to those without obesity measures at both baseline and follow-up visit, PLWH with general obesity at both occasions (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.83, P = 0.006) or at baseline only (aOR = 5.45, P = 0.003), abdominal obesity (measured as waist circumference) at both occasions (aOR = 3.87, P = 0.001) or at follow-up only (aOR = 2.27; 9P = 0.060), abdominal obesity (measured as waist-to-hip ratio) at both occasions (aOR = 2.27, P = 0.077) were at increased risk of incident hypertension. Our data show that both general and abdominal obesity especially in the persistent status increase the hypertension risk in treated PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

microRNAs (miRNA) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated as potential biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, a mixed population of EVs is often obtained using conventional exosome isolation methods for biomarker development. EVs are derived from different cellular processes and present in various sizes, therefore miRNA expression among them is undoubtedly different. We developed a simple protocol utilizing sequential filtration and ultracentrifugation to separate PDAC EVs into three groups, one with an average diameter of more than 220 nm, named operational 3 (OP3); one with average diameters between 100–220 nm, named operational 2 (OP2); and another with average diameters around 100 nm, named operational 1 (OP1)). EVs were isolated from conditioned cell culture media and plasma of human PDAC xenograft mice and early stage PDAC patients, and verified by nanoparticle tracking, western blot, and electronic microscopy. We demonstrate that exosome specific markers are only enriched in the OP1 group. qRT-PCR analysis of miRNA expression in EVs from PDAC cells revealed that expression of miR-196a and miR-1246, two previously identified miRNAs highly enriched in PDAC cell-derived exosomes, is significantly elevated in the OP1 group relative to the other EV groups. This was confirmed using plasma EVs from PDAC xenograft mice and patients with localized PDAC. Our results indicate that OP1 can be utilized for the identification of circulating EV miRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lianpu drink (LPD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula for the treatment of chronic gastritis (CG), and its clinical effects have been effectively verified. However, due to the complexity of the chemical composition of TCM formulas, its mechanism of action has not yet been clearly explained. Many studies have shown that the principal drugs in the TCM formula play a major therapeutic role. Therefore, in this study, the principal drugs Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils. (MOR) in LPD were used as the main research objects to predict the mechanism of LPD on CG. We contrasted a "compounds-targets-diseases" network and screened the putative targets of CR and MOR in LPD related to CG, respectively. Furthermore, common targets of CR and MOR related to CG were selected as candidate targets. In this study, the specific target proteins of CR, MOR, and CG were combined by protein-protein interaction (PPI) to construct a pharmacological network of "components-targets-diseases." In addition, we investigated the effects of CR and MOR on the TNF signaling pathway, which mediated the remission of CG. This study preliminarily revealed that CR and MOR play a key role in the treatment of CG. Animal experiments also showed that CR and MOR could significantly improve CG by inhibiting MKK6/p38 and RIP/p38 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical design of all‐optical switches based on series of networks (SNs) is proposed. With increment of the fractal generation, the density of loops (d1:d2=1:2) in networks, which can efficiently produce antiresonances, increases exponentially, increasing switching efficiency to a high level. To acquire superior performance of the switching efficiency, the nonlinear material with negative nonlinear refractive index was chosen to insert into the networks, inducing self‐defocusing effect and decreasing the transmission. Further, the SNs with a defective waveguide length create ultra‐strong photonic localization and reduce the threshold energy. The switching efficiency of just the third type of SN was calculated and found to be approximately 5.25 × 1026, which is nine orders of magnitude higher than that previously reported. The threshold energy of just the third type of SN is about 0.66zJ, which is one order of magnitude lower than that reported previously. Moreover, the switching efficiency increases monotonously, and the threshold energy decreases rapidly with increasing fractal generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of periodic networks is designed, in which all of the unit cells construct a series of fractal triangles, and their extraordinary optical characteristics for producing ultrawide photonic bandgap (PBG) and ultrastrong photonic localization are investigated. The results indicate that with increasing fractal generation, the number of equivalent triangular loops increases exponentially, and consequently the gap–midgap ratio of the PBG produced by the networks with the integer waveguide length ratio of 1:2 enlarges rapidly and tends to the limit at 200%. For the networks with the noninteger waveguide length ratio of 1:2±Δd (where 0<Δd≤10−2), an extremely narrow passband occurs in the middle of the wide PBG. Furthermore, the ultrastrong photonic localization is generated when the electromagnetic wave with the frequency of the all‐transmission peak in the ultranarrow passband propagates in the networks. This type of fractal triangular networks may have applications to design all‐optical devices, such as highly sensitive optical filters, highly sensitive all‐optical switches, and high‐performance photonic energy‐storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigate reaction-diffusion complex-valued neural networks with mixed delays. The mixed delays include both time-varying and infinite distributed delays. Criteria are derived to ensure the existence, uniqueness, and exponential stability of the equilibrium state of the addressed system on the basis of the M-matrix properties and homeomorphism mapping theories as well as the vector Lyapunov function method. The results demonstrate the positive effect of reaction-diffusion on the stability, which further improves the existing conditions. Finally, the analysis of several examples is compared to the present results to verify the correctness and reduced conservatism of the primary results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide via oxygen reduction reaction's two-electron route is the potential alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process for being green and cost-effective. Whereas oxygen-doped graphitic carbons have been reported as efficient catalysts, two issues remained unsettled involving usually abundant carbon-basal-planes and a mixture of oxygen functional groups, which lower the efficiency due to massive inactive planes and functional groups. To achieve carbon-based catalysts with abundant edges and identical functional groups, a 'bottom-up' approach to design materials at the molecular level is presented here. Starting from the small molecules of pyrene, a microporous carbon framework is prepared with abundant micropores of 0.5 nm and a large surface area up to 1346 m2 g-1, which facilitates further combination of a high content of C–O–C with the rich carbon edges. The positive correlation between selectivity and oxygen content further confirms the C–O–C as active sites. The catalyst exhibits a comprehensive performance including a considerable selectivity of 87%, a low onsite-potential at 0.77 V RHE , and a high ring current density of 2.79 mA cm−2 at 0.42 V RHE. Such a 'bottom-up' structural and functional engineering strategy may extend to the synthesis of more catalysts/electrode materials and energy/environmental related applications. Image 1 • A 'bottom-up' approach was used to make carbon-based catalysts with rich edge-defects, porous structure, and C-O-C groups. • The positive correlation between selectivity and C–O–C content confirmed the C–O–C groups as identical active sites. • The as-made catalyst showed considerable selectivity towards H 2 O 2 production of 87%, long-term catalytic stability over 10 h, low onsite-potential of 0.77 V, and a high ring current of 2.7mAcm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: NSCLC is the most common type of lung cancers. The purpose of this study is to screen cancer-related mutations in early LUAD in China through NGS technology, determine their correlation with clinical characteristics and provide basis for treatment decisions. Methods: In this study, we performed a 583 gene panel to detect the mutational spectrum of the tumors which were collected from 98 LUAD patients. The sequencing data and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: Mutations were identified in 94.9% of patients. EGFR had the highest mutation frequency which was detected in 66% of the patients and was significantly associated with female gender and non-smoking history. Other genes with high mutation frequency were TP53 (37%), ERBB2 (24%), BCOR (22%), ZFHX3 (19%), BTG1 (17%), ATR (16%), WWTR1 (15%), etc. TP53 mutations were significantly associated with medium and low differentiation of tumors; BCOR and BLM mutations with gender; WWTR1 mutations with age; and ATR mutations with visceral pleura invasion were observed. 61% of the patients harbored at less one actionable alteration associated with FDA-recognized or investigational drugs. Conclusion: Multiple mutations in LUAD patients in this study have not previously been reported in NSCLC. Moreover, mutations in driver genes including EGFR, TP53, BCOR, BLM, WWTR1, and ATR were significantly related to clinical features. The panel used in this study is an effective approach for molecular analysis and can be applied in personalized treatment decision-making and drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the global exponential stability of a class of quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) with mixed delays including time-varying delays and infinite distributed delays. Because of the noncommutativity of quaternion multiplication, the concerned quaternion-valued models separated into four real-valued parts to form the equivalent real-valued systems. Based on M-matrix properties and homomorphism mapping theories, some sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point of the system. Conditions for ensuring the global exponential stability of the equilibrium point of the system are obtained on the basis of the vector Lyapunov function method instead of the linear matrix inequality method. Using a similar method, the mixed-delay QVNNs with parameter uncertainties are also studied, and the conditions for ensuring the global robust exponential stability of the system are established directly. The adopted approach and the obtained results in this paper complement already the existing ones. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the feasibility and the less level conservatism of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of central juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) in glucose regulation remains unclear. Here, we activated mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) JAZF1 in high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed rats by an adenovirus expressing JAZF1 (Ad‐JAZF1). We evaluated the changes in the hypothalamic insulin receptor (InsR)‐PI3K‐Akt‐AMPK pathway and hepatic glucose production (HGP). To investigate the impact of MBH Ad‐JAZF1 on HGP, we activated MBH JAZF1 in the presence or absence of ATP‐dependent potassium (KATP) channel inhibition, hepatic branch vagotomy (HVG), or an AMPK activator (AICAR). In HFD‐fed rats, MBH Ad‐JAZF1 decreased body weight and food intake, and inhibited HGP by increasing hepatic insulin signaling. Under insulin stimulation, MBH Ad‐JAZF1 increased InsR and Akt phosphorylation, and phosphatidylinositol 3, 4, 5‐trisphosphate (PIP3) formation; however, AMPK phosphorylation was decreased in the hypothalamus. The positive effect of MBH JAZF1 on hepatic insulin signaling and HGP was prevented by treatment with a KATP channel inhibitor or HVG. The metabolic impact of hypothalamic JAZF1 was also blocked by MBH AICAR. Ad‐JAZF1 treatment in SH‐SY5Y cells resulted in an elevation of InsR and Akt phosphorylation following insulin stimulation. Our findings show that hypothalamic JAZF1 regulates HGP via the InsR‐PI3K‐Akt‐AMPK pathway and KATP channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–semiconductor heterostructures have attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to enhance photovoltaic and photocatalytic processes via plasmonic effects. Thus far, most of the proposed heterostructures are designed with noble metals and the potential of alternative plasmonic materials, such as titanium nitride (TiN), is not yet well explored. In this work, TiN@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized and proposed as plasmon‐enhanced photosensitizers for efficient singlet oxygen generation, with the focus on the role of hot electron injection. Excitation of dilute TiN@TiO2 NP dispersions by a 700 nm femtosecond‐pulsed laser effectively converts ground‐state oxygen into singlet oxygen (1O2), driven primarily by hot electrons generated during plasmon decay at the TiN–TiO2 interface and injected into the TiO2 layer. Analytical calculations reveal the unique advantages of TiN–TiO2 heterostructures in hot‐electron‐mediated photocatalysis. Considering the chemical inertness and low cost of TiN, TiN@TiO2 NPs hold great potential as plasmonic photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and other photocatalytic applications at red‐to‐near‐infrared wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surveillance of nuclear tests relies on the seismic network and the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. Using the surface displacements such as subsidence craters caused by a nuclear test is an effective tool to monitor and estimate source characteristics of nuclear tests. In this study, based on the scaling laws of the process of subsidence crater formation, we developed an explosive model test in a vacuum chamber using the yield and buried depth estimated by Wang et al. to simulate the surface subsidence zone and collapse the crater associated with the 3 September 2017 North Korean nuclear test, and compared with their research results. The explosive simulation apparatus independently developed by the Army Engineering University of PLA is also introduced. The simulated results indicate that the radii of the subsidence zone and collapse crater are ∼257 m and ∼154 m, respectively, which are close to the empirical formula and InSAR observations. The explosive model test in a vacuum chamber could help to characterize the surface displacements induced by nuclear tests and provide an effective method for nuclear monitoring and characterization around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A class of switched neural networks (SNNs) in the presence of parameter uncertainties, impulsive effects, and both variable and continuously distributed delays are investigated. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness conditions of equilibrium point of each subsystem are proposed, which implies that the addressed SNNs has a unique equilibrium point. Secondly, we derive several sufficient conditions for robust exponential stability under average dwell time (ADT) switching and arbitrary switching, respectively. These conditions are formulated in terms of algebraic inequalities and M-matrices and are derived by employing inequality technique incorporated with the idea of vector Lyapunov function. Lastly, the less conservativeness and effectiveness of the obtained results over some existing literature are verified by simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a tramway's system model is established to evaluate its longitudinal dynamics performance, where the model includes multiple masses point connecting together powered by the catenary and a hybrid energy-storage system which consists of a battery pack and ultracapacitor pack. To explore an optimal or appropriate real-time power distribution among these energy sources, a dual fuzzy logic control-based energy management strategy combined with wavelet transform and multi-objective optimization is proposed. The control parameters of the dual fuzzy logic controller are adjusted using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm while considering the daily operating cost of the tramway. To verify the effectiveness and validity of the proposed model and energy management strategy, its simulation results are further compared and verified with the field experimental results of a real tramway and a real driving cycle in China. • A improved simulation model is presented for a multi-sources hybrid tramway. • A optimal strategy combined with fuzzy logic, wavelet transform and PSO is proposed. • The dual fuzzy logic controller is optimized by multi-objective PSO algorithm. • The strategy shows lower tramway daily operating cost and better energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, and lead) has been linked with adverse health outcomes, especially their nephrotoxic effects at high levels of exposure. We conducted a replication study to examine the association of low-level heavy metal exposure and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using a larger NHANES data set compared to previous studies. Methods: The large cross-sectional study comprised 5,175 CKD cases out of 55677 participants aged 20–85 years from the 1999–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [NHANES]. Logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the associations between CKD and heavy metals [Cd, Pb, Hg] measured as categorical variables after adjusting with age, race, gender, socioeconomic status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and blood cotinine level as smoking status. Results: Compared to the lowest quartile of blood Cd, exposures to the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of blood Cd were statistically significantly associated with higher odds of CKD after adjustment for blood Pb and Hg, with OR = 1.79, [95% CI; 1.55–2.07, p<0.0001], OR = 2.17, [95% CI; 1.88–2.51, p<0.0001] and OR = 1.52, [95% CI; 1.30–1.76, p<0.0001] respectively. The 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartiles of blood Cd remained statistically significantly associated with higher odds of CKD after adjustment for blood cotinine level, with OR = 2.06, [95% CI; 1.80–2.36, p<0.0001], OR = 3.18, [95% CI; 2.79–3.63, p<0.0001] and OR = 5.54, [95% CI; 4.82–6.37, p<0.0001] respectively. Exposure to blood Pb was statistically significantly associated with higher odds of CKD in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile groups, after adjustment for all co-variates (ag, gender, race, socio-economic status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, blood cadmium, mercury, and cotinine levels) in all the four models. Blood Hg level was statistically significantly associated with lower odds of CKD in the 2nd quartile group in model 2, 3rd quartile group in model 1, 2 and 3, and the 4th quartile group in all the four models. Conclusions: Our findings showed that low blood levels of Cd and Pb were associated with higher odds of CKD while low blood levels of Hg were associated with lower odds of CKD in the US adult population. However, temporal association cannot be determined as it is a cross sectional study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of self-regulation is influenced by children’s experiences at home, with parenting styles and parenting stress being important contextual factors. However, little is known about how parenting styles and stress are related to the emotional (hot) and cognitive (cool) aspects of self-regulation. This study examined the relationships between different parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and children’s performance on hot and cool self-regulation tasks and the role of parenting stress in moderating this relationship in Chinese households. The participants included 310 preschoolers (51% girls/49% boys; Mage = 4.96 years; SD = 0.96) enrolled in four kindergartens in Beijing, China. The hierarchical regression results showed that after controlling for demographic variables, the level of authoritative parenting positively predicted children’s cognitive flexibility performance, while parenting stress moderated the relationship between authoritative parenting and children’s inhibitory control performance. The positive association between authoritative parenting and children’s inhibitory control was found only among children who experienced a lower level of parenting stress. Parenting styles were not associated with children’s hot self-regulation or working memory performance. These findings provide nuanced evidence on the relationships between parents’ parenting style, parenting stress, and children’s performance on hot and cool self-regulation. The implications for parenting education and future studies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis contribute to morbidity and mortality, and, in particular, are characterized as leading cause on confirmed COVID-19 death. To date, efficient therapeutic approach for such lung diseases is lacking. N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG), an acetylated derivative of glucosamine, has been proposed as a potential protector of lung function in several types of lung diseases. The mechanism by which NAG protects against lung injury, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that NAG treatment improves pulmonary function in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury model measured by flexiVent system. At early phase of lung injury, NAG treatment results in silenced immune response by targeting ARG1+ macrophages activation, and, consequently, blocks KRT8+ transitional stem cell in the alveolar region to stimulate PDGF Rβ+ fibroblasts hyperproliferation, thereby attenuating the pulmonary fibrosis. This combinational depression of immune response and extracellular matrix deposition within the lung mitigates lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM. Our findings provide novel insight into the protective role of NAG in lung injury. [Display omitted] ● NAG improves pulmonary function in BLM-induced lung injury model. ● NAG protects against lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis in BLM-induced lung injury model. ● NAG suppresses inflammatory activation by targeting ARG1+ macrophages after lung injury. ● NAG inhibits aberrant persistence of alveolar KRT8+ cells and hyperproliferation of PDGF Rβ+ fibroblasts during lung injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract With the abundant use of pesticides in agriculture and grassland farming, water contamination unavoidably occurs due to the leaching of pesticide residues into environment. Now, most of the research on degradation of nitroaromatic pesticides residues has focused on nano catalysis-based method, however, effective post-reaction separation and recycling of the tiny nanocatalysts is also a significant technological challenge to be addressed. Herein, we report a simple and versatile strategy for the construction of efficient and recyclable catalysts of polydopamine (PDA)@Ag/polystyrene (PS) films for degradation of pesticides based on multi-purpose PDA microspheres inspired by mussel adhesion. The PDA not only functioned as a scaffold, a reductant as well as a stabilizer for the formation and dispersions of Ag NPs in situ , but also served as an adhesive layer between the nanocatalysts and the substrate. The obtained PDA@Ag/PS films were evaluated for the first time against the catalytic degradation of pendimethalin. Most importantly, the recovery of catalysts can be easily realized by simply pulling out PS substrate from the reaction mixture and the catalytic activity of the nanofilms was found to be equally efficient for seven catalytic cycles. Considering their excellent catalytic activity and recyclability in the degradation of nitroaromatic pesticides, the PDA@Ag/PS films have great potential applications in the fields of environment protection, soil contamination remediation, and sewage treatment. Also, by virtue of the remarkable reducing and stabilizing ability and adhesive versatility of PDA, this approach can be extended to the deposition of various metals and semiconducting NPs, which can be stably anchored on a diverse range of solid substrates regardless of physiochemical and morphology. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The substrate-immobilized nanocatalysts can be easily recovered and recycled. • The composite functions as effective catalyst for degradation of nitroaromatic pesticides. • The composite exhibited a robust reusability during repeated reduction cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the malignancy of NSCLC cells is important for therapy and drug development. Nodal, an important embryonic morphogen, has been reported to modulate tumorigenesis. We found that Nodal can trigger the proliferation of NSCLC cells and decrease the sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. Targeted inhibition of Nodal can suppress the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Among the measured cytokines, Nodal can increase the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of IL-6, while not VEGFA, attenuated Nodal induced cell proliferation, suggesting the essential roles of IL-6 in Nodal induced malignancy of NSCLC cells. Nodal can trigger the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of p65, the key signal transducer of NF-κB. This was due to the fact that Nodal can increase the phosphorylation of IKKβ/IκBα. The inhibitor of IKKβ abolished Nodal induced activation of p65 and expression of IL-6. Collectively, we found that Nodal can increase the proliferation and decrease chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells via regulation of NF-κB/IL-6 signals. It indicated that Nodal might be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can impair endothelial function and lead to the atherosclerosis development. Protein S-nitrosylation is sensitive to cellular redox state and acts as a crucial regulator and executor of nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. Aberrant S-nitrosylation contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the effect of ox-LDL on S-nitrosylation and its significance for endothelial dysfunction have not been studied at proteome level. Herein, the combined quantitative analysis of proteome and S-nitrosoproteome was performed using an integrated biotin switch and iTRAQ labeling approach in EA.hy926 cell line derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) treated with ox-LDL. A total of 2204 S-nitrosylated (SNO) peptides of 1318 SNO-proteins were quantified. Notably, 352 SNO-peptides of 262 SNO-proteins were significantly regulated after excluding S-nitrosylation changes caused by protein expression alterations. Many of them belonged to mRNA splicing, ribosomal structure and translational regulatory proteins, covering the entire translation process. The results indicated that S-nitrosylation of the splicing and translational machinery in vascular endothelial cells was susceptible to ox-LDL. Abnormal protein S-nitrosylation may be one pivotal mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. This study potentially enriches the present understanding of pro-atherogenic effect of ox-LDL from the perspective of S-nitrosylation. Significance The role of ox-LDL in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis development has been recognized from the aspect of impaired NO production. However, its effect on S-nitrosylation, which is directly related to NO signaling pathway, still remains largely unexplored. Our work initially provided a systematic characterization of S-nitrosoproteome in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells after ruling out the changes of S-nitrosylation modification caused by protein expression alone. MS-based approach coupled with iTRAQ technique indicated 262 SNO-proteins were significantly regulated. Functional enrichment and interaction network analysis revealed that proteins involved in mRNA splicing and translational machinery were susceptible to abnormal S-nitrosylation under ox-LDL treatment. This achievement suggested one potential mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL from the perspective of S-nitrosoproteome. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • The effect of ox-LDL on S-nitrosoproteome was studied after excluding interference from protein expression alteration. • A total of 2204 SNO-peptides and 1318 SNO-proteins were quantified. • The SNO-proteins related to mRNA splicing and translation were significantly regulated by ox-LDL. • We provided one potential mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction induced by ox-LDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel inorganic polymer flocculant, biopolymeric ferric sulfate (BPFS), was prepared by immobilization technology of microorganisms and by oxidation of ferrous sulfate using domestic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (T. f) under acidic condition. T. f was isolated on the agarose single-plate medium, which exhibited an unusual trait on the utilization of low concentration of the nitrogen source and phosphorus as the nutrient substance. Under the optimal conditions, the microorganism could grow and reproduce normally and maintain the strong catalytic oxidation activity to Fe2+. The immobilization of T. f on the polyurethane as the support matrix was investigated. Cycling batch operation was applied to the preparation of 40 kg/m3, 60 kg/m3, and 80 kg/m3 BPFS when the optimal conditions are pH value of 1.8, circulation flow rate of 0.28–0.30 L/h, and reaction temperature of 28 ± 1°C. When the prepared BPFS and SPFS (solid biopolymeric ferric sulfate) were used to dispose Songhua River water, the removal rate of turbidity and CODMn of BPFS was slightly better than that of SPFS. The removal efficiencies of turbidity and CODMn by BPFS could reach 93.9% and 79.7%, respectively. The result suggests that the BPFS has good flocculating activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To alleviate the adverse effects of pesticide residues on the environment, development of a more safe, economical, and reliable usage approach of pesticides is critically urgent. In the present study, a novel pesticide carrier LA-NSM (lauric acid-modified Nitraria seed meal) with controlled release property was prepared through grafting esterification of lauric acid onto Nitraria seed meal substrates. The structure of the obtained samples was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The results indicated that LA-NSM products had a well-defined hydrophobic surface and irregular holes for efficient loading of pesticide molecules. Deltamethrin (DEL), a representative insoluble pyrethroid insecticide in water, was deliberately selected as the index pesticide to evaluate the loading and releasing efficiency of LA-NSM. The loading capacity of LA-NSM for DEL can reach about 1068 mg/g. pH, humidity of soil, and temperature had a significant influence on controlled release performance of LA-NSM@DEL. Moreover, the releasing kinetics of LA-NSM@DEL composites could be fitted well with the Higuchi model. Overall, the highly hydrophobic property, excellent loading, and controlled release ability of LA-NSM made it a promising candidate in agricultural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we study polarization-dependent optical absorption of a graphene on the top of one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC), which offer a method to accurately count the number of graphene layers. The 1DPC is composed of 10 pairs of (SiO 2 /TiO 2), and the two kinds of material is transparent, which is different from the commonly substrate with significant contrast to graphene. The absorption difference fitting formula is given by the 0–10 graphene layer. It may be applicable to other two-dimensional materials optically counting layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorptive removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions is recognized as the most suitable approach due to its easy operation, low cost, nontoxic properties, and high efficiency. However, the conventional regeneration of saturated adsorbents is an expensive and time-consuming process in practical wastewater treatment. Herein, a scalable adsorbent of magnetic Fe3O4@chitosan carbon microbeads (MCM) was successfully prepared by embedding Fe3O4 nanoparticles into chitosan hydrogel via an alkali gelation-thermal cracking process. The application of MCM composites for the adsorptive removal of doxycycline (DC) was evaluated using a fixed-bed column. The results showed that pH, initial concentration, flow rate, and bed depth are found to be important factors to control the adsorption capacity of DC. The Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models showed a good agreement with the experimental data and could be applied for the prediction of the fixed-bed column properties and breakthrough curves. More importantly, the saturated fixed bed can be easily recycled by H2O2 which shows excellent reusability for the removal of doxycycline. Thus, the combination of the adsorption advantage of chitosan carbon with catalytic properties of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles might provide a new tool for addressing water treatment challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Glucose carbon microspheres have been widely used for wastewater treatment as adsorbent owing to their strong adsorption capacity, but for large-scale applications, the glucose carbon microspheres are inconvenient to be recycled from aqueous suspension due to their good suspendability. Moreover, the primitive nature of small particle size, large specific surface area and high surface energy of glucose carbon microspheres make them prone to aggregate and thus, disperse no-effectively for the other extended application. To solve this dilemma, polyester (PET) fibers decorated with glucose carbon microspheres (GC@PFs) were herein fabricated by one-step hydrothermal carbonization with acrylic acid as a coupling agent. The products were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Boehm titration, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TG), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and zeta potential respectively. The experimental results showed that a large amount of glucose carbon microspheres were evenly dispersed on the surface of carboxyl activated polyester fibers with uniform particle diameter, and the composite fibers showed desirable adsorption ability of cationic dyes for its more negative zeta potential. The dye adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model better. Remarkably, the adsorbent has an excellent recyclability for maintaining a high removal rate (>85%) to dye even after 10 cycles. Highlights • Glucose carbon microspheres were evenly distributed on the PET fibers surface that solved the problem of easy aggregation. • The polyester fibers were firstly decorated with glucose carbon microspheres through one-step hydrothermal carbonization. • Acrylic acid maintained the integrity of PET fabric and introduced a quite number of carboxyl groups on the PET surface. • The surface decorated composite material possessed good adsorption property and easy recovery performance. • The glucose carbon microspheres decorated polyester fibers showed a highly selective adsorption for the cationic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expression of mineral dust-induced gene (mdig) in lung cancer NCI-H1650 cells was detected to investigate the effects of mdig on proliferation and apoptosis of NCI-H1650 cells. NCI-H1650 lung cancer cells were cultured in vitro. The expression of mdig in NCI-H1650 cells was lowered using ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) technique. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to detect the effects of mdig small interfering RNA (siRNA) on messenger RNA (mRNA) and the protein expression of mdig in lung cancer NCI-H1650 cells, respectively. The effect of mdig on the proliferation of NCI-H1650 cells was observed through 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and flow cytometry was used to detect the impact of mdig on cell cycle and apoptosis of NCI-H1650 cells. The influence of mdig on caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) proteins in NCI-H1650 cells were investigated via western blot analysis. The results of RT-qPCR and western blot analysis showed that mdig siRNA obviously inhibited the expression of mRNA and protein of mdig in NCI-H1650 cells. Results of the MTT assay showed mdig siRNA could significantly reduce the proliferation ability of NCI-H1650 cells. In addition cell cycle detection showed that mdig siRNA caused NCI-H1650 cell arrest at G1 phase. Apoptosis detection results indicated that mdig siRNA promoted apoptosis of NCI-H1650 cells. Western-blot analysis revealed that mdig siRNA upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP1 proteins in NCI-H1650 cells. Mdig is highly expressed in lung cancer NCI-H1650 cells while mdig siRNA can inhibit proliferation of NCI-H1650 cells and accelerate apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may be related to inhibited cell cycle progression and upregulated expression of cleavage proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fully decentralized adaptive scheme to solve the open problem of complex projective synchronization (CPS) in drive-response fractional complex-variable networks (DRFCVNs). Based on local mismatch with the desired state and between coupled nodes, several novel fully decentralized fractional adaptive (FDFA) strategies are proposed to adjust both the feedback control strengths and the coupling weights. By employing Hermitian form Lyapunov functionals and other fractional skills, some sufficient criteria are provided for CPS. Numerical simulation examples are finally employed to illustrate the efficiency of the new synchronization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Polymer blends with self-healing capability when damaged have received increasing interests and have been developing rapidly because of their many potential applications. Here, the polymer blend comprising of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as shape memory matrix was initially prepared by melting blending, and then the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated to endow the blend with excellent self-healing property in the presence of near infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm, 0.14 W). Compared with the traditional heat-induced self-healing shape memory composites, NIR irradiation could not only reduce the healing time, but also can selectively repair the exposed damaged regions without distinct interference to the performance of surrounding parts. As revealed, these composites presented superior shape memory and self-healing behavior in the presence of NIR irradiation. Specifically, the blend containing 50% TPU, 50% PCL and 3 MWCNTs (U1C1-3) possesses shape memory properties as manifested by a ca. 96.8% shape fixing ratio (R f) and ca. 63.9% shape recovery ratio (R r). The surface crack and scratches can be completely recovered in 3 min NIR irradiation. And moreover, this NIR stimulated self-healing could performed repeatedly for at least 4 times, with healing efficiency of ca. 96%. All these observations could be attributed to the hybrid crystalline and amorphous regions of PCL and TPU, as well as the well distribution of MWCNTs in the polymeric matrix. The superior shape memory and self-healing properties, along with the easy and scalable process of fabrication, make these blends ideal candidates for an ensemble of applications, including biomedical, packing and microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]