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This paper addresses timetable disruptions in metro systems and their impact on passenger service quality. To mitigate these effects, the study introduces a time-space network-based traffic management approach with a two-layer network. The first layer focuses on timetable rescheduling, using an integer program for modeling and a Lagrangian relaxation-based heuristic for solution. The second layer addresses rolling stock duty rescheduling, employing a greedy heuristic for train set duties. The proposed approach is applied to a real-world problem presented in the INFORMS railway application competition (2022). Results demonstrate that, with topological vertex orders, the approach achieves schedule amendments within 3–6 minutes for various disruption scenarios. This rapid response highlights the method's efficacy and advantage in real-time applications, showcasing its potential for practical implementation in metro systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a miniature circular polarization antenna used in a wireless capsule endoscopy system at 2.45 GHz for industrial, scientific, and medical bands. We propose a method of cutting a chamfer rectangular slot on a circular radiation patch and introducing a curved radiation structure into the centerline position of the chamfer rectangular slot, while a short-circuit probe is added to achieve miniaturization. Therefore, we significantly reduced the size of the antenna and made it exhibit circularly polarized radiation characteristics. A cross-slot is cut in the GND to enable the antenna to better cover the operating band while being able to meet the complex human environment. The effective axis ratio bandwidth is 120 MHz (2.38–2.50 GHz). Its size is π × 0.032λ02 × 0.007λ0 (where λ0 is the free-space wavelength of at 2.4 GHz). In addition, the effect of different organs such as muscle, stomach, small intestine, and big intestine on the antenna when it was embedded into the wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) system was further discussed, and the results proved that the WCE system has better robustness in different organs. The antenna's specific absorption rate can follow the IEEE Standard Safety Guidelines (IEEE C95.1-1999). A prototype is fabricated and measured. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Asians bear a heavier burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), than non‐Asians. Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have garnered attention for their potential advantages in renal outcomes. Nevertheless, the impact on diverse ethnic groups remains unknown. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, and clinical trial registries were searched through August 2023 with the following keywords: nonsteroidal MRAs (finerenone, apararenone, esaxerenone, AZD9977, KBP‐5074), CKD, T2DM, and randomized controlled trial (RCT). A random effects model was used to calculate overall effect sizes. Results: Seven RCTs with 14 997 participants were enrolled. Nonsteroidal MRAs reduced urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) significantly more in Asians than non‐Asians: (weighted mean difference [WMD], −0.59, 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.45, p <.01) vs (WMD, −0.29, 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.27, p <.01), respectively. The average decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was similar in Asians and non‐Asians (p >.05). Regarding systolic blood pressure (SBP), nonsteroidal MRAs had a better antihypertension performance in Asians (WMD, −5.12, 95% CI, −5.84 to −4.41, p <.01) compared to non‐Asians (WMD, −3.64, 95% CI, −4.38 to −2.89, p <.01). A higher incidence of hyperkalemia and eGFR decrease ≥30% was found in Asians than non‐Asians (p <.01). Conclusions: Nonsteroidal MRAs exhibited significant renal benefits by decreasing UACR and lowering SBP in Asian than that of non‐Asian patients with CKD and T2DM, without increase of adverse events except hyperkalemia and eGFR decrease ≥30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a common treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a non-invasive modality that has been used for treating precancerous diseases and HPV infections. This comparative study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ALA PDT and the LEEP in the treatment of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). Patient records were reviewed and HSIL patients with HPV infections (24–51 years old) who underwent PDT or LEEP treatment were selected. Efficacy was analyzed blindly based on HPV-DNA, cytology, and colposcopy-directed biopsy obtained at 6 months after treatment. Treatment-related discomfort and side effects were also analyzed. Cure rates of 88.1% and 70.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. HPV-negative conversion rates of 81.0% and 62.0% were achieved for the PDT group and LEEP group (p < 0.05), respectively. The overall lesion remission rate of the PDT group was 19% higher than that of the LEEP group. The incidence of side effects was much lower in the PDT group. These results show that ALA PDT is a feasible non-invasive treatment for cervical HSIL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) is essential for the future ecological protection, clean energy production, Sichuan-Xizang and Yunnan-Xizang railways, and other major infrastructure projects in China. The distributions of climate and vegetation exhibit significant regional differentiation and vertical zonality due to the rugged longitudinal ranges and gorges and the complex disaster-prone environments in HMR. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the climate-vegetation regionalization in HMR to effectively satisfy the national requirements such as agricultural production and ecological protection, mountain disaster risk prevention, and major project construction. We here develop a new scheme of climate-vegetation regionalization with the latest demarcation outcome of HMR, the ground observation from 122 meteorological stations in HMR and its surrounding areas during 1990–2019, and the high-precision remote sensing data of land cover types. The new scheme first constructs the regionalization index system, fully considering the extraordinarily complicated geomorphic pattern ofmountains and valleys, the scarcity of meteorological observations, and the remarkable differentiation of climate and vegetation in HMR. The system consists of three primary regionalization indices (i.e., days with daily average temperature steady above 10°C, aridity index, and main vegetation types, dividing the temperature zones, moisture regions, and vegetation subregions, respectively) and three auxiliary indices of the accumulated temperature above 10°C, and the temperatures in January and July. Then, the HMR is divided into five temperature zones, 20 moisture regions, and 55 vegetation subregions. Compared with previous regionalization schemes, the new scheme optimizes the climate spatial interpolation model of thin plate smoothing spline suitable for the unique terrain in HMR. Moreover, the disputed division index threshold between different climatic zones (regions) is scientifically clarified using geographical detectors. Specifically, the stepwise downscaling pane division method is initially proposed to determine the zoning boundary, alleviating the excessive dependence of the traditional zoning method on subjective experience. Besides, the scheme considers the typical regional characteristics of the complex underlying surface and the high gradient zone of climate-vegetation distribution types in HMR. Consequently, the transition zone with quick climate changes between the plateau temperate and mid-subtropical zones is divided into mountainous subtropics, taking into account the spatial distribution characteristics of climate-vegetation regionalization indices. The regionalization scheme will provide practically theoretical support for agricultural production, ecological protection, major project construction, disaster prevention and relief efforts, and other socioeconomic activities in HMR, serving as a classic case of climate-vegetation regionalization for the alpine and canyon regions with intricate underlying surface, striking regional differences, and lack of ground observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The relationship between moderate alcohol intake and health outcomes among individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is complex. Our aim was to investigate the association of minimal alcohol consumption with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among MAFLD individuals of different genders. Methods: Our study included 2630 MAFLD individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between alcohol use measures and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality. Restricted cubic spline curves were used to evaluate the relationship between alcohol consumption per week and all‐cause mortality. Results: In the entire MAFLD cohort, we observed significant disparities in clinical characteristics between male and female individuals with MAFLD. Higher weekly alcohol consumption was significantly associated with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality (male, hazard ratios [HRs]: 1.009, 95% CIs: 1.004–1.014; female, HRs: 1.032, 95% CIs: 1.022–1.042). In males with MAFLD, a linear association with all‐cause mortality was observed for weekly alcohol consumption (p for non‐linearity =.21). Conversely, in females with MAFLD, the risk of all‐cause mortality remained relatively stable until 2 drinks per week, after which it rapidly increased with each additional drink consumed, and the increase in mortality risk was higher than that observed in males (p for non‐linearity <.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that any increase in weekly alcohol consumption was associated with increased all‐cause mortality in men with MAFLD. Conversely, consuming less than 2 drinks per week had minimal impact on the risk of mortality among female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co‐assembly naphthalimide/perylene diimide (NDINH/PDINH) supramolecular photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via a rapid solution dispersion method. A giant internal electric field (IEF) in co‐assembly structure was built by the larger local dipole. NDINH coated on PDINH could reduce the reflected electric field over PDINH to improve its responsive activity to ultraviolet light. Resultantly, an efficient full‐spectrum photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with H2 and O2 evolution rate of 317.2 and 154.8 μmol g−1 h−1 for NDINH/PDINH together with optimized O2 evolution rate with 2.61 mmol g−1 h−1 using AgNO3 as a sacrificial reagent were achieved. Meanwhile, its solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency was enhanced to 0.13 %. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was primarily attributed to the IEF between NDINH and PDINH, significantly accelerating transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, a direct Z‐Scheme pathway of carriers contributed to a high redox potential. The strategy provided a new perspective for the design of supramolecular photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co‐assembly naphthalimide/perylene diimide (NDINH/PDINH) supramolecular photocatalysts were successfully synthesized via a rapid solution dispersion method. A giant internal electric field (IEF) in co‐assembly structure was built by the larger local dipole. NDINH coated on PDINH could reduce the reflected electric field over PDINH to improve its responsive activity to ultraviolet light. Resultantly, an efficient full‐spectrum photocatalytic overall water splitting activity with H2 and O2 evolution rate of 317.2 and 154.8 μmol g−1 h−1 for NDINH/PDINH together with optimized O2 evolution rate with 2.61 mmol g−1 h−1 using AgNO3 as a sacrificial reagent were achieved. Meanwhile, its solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency was enhanced to 0.13 %. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was primarily attributed to the IEF between NDINH and PDINH, significantly accelerating transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers. Additionally, a direct Z‐Scheme pathway of carriers contributed to a high redox potential. The strategy provided a new perspective for the design of supramolecular photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an innovative approach for multiple particle tracking within complex systems, utilizing convolutional neural networks in conjunction with multi-output models. Accurate particle tracking is a critical prerequisite for unraveling the dynamic behaviors of particles in a myriad of research domains, encompassing colloidal particles, biological cells, and molecular dynamics. Different from conventional methodologies, our approach combines data preprocessing, multilayer perceptron model training, and multi-output model integration to yield precise and efficient particle tracking results. The significance of this research lies in the adaptability and versatility of the trained models, which are designed to surmount challenges, including crowded and noisy environments. This work represents a substantial step forward in particle tracking methodologies, providing a robust and efficient alternative to conventional methods, promising more profound investigations into particle dynamics within complex systems, and contributing to a deeper understanding of the microscale world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact dual-band, dual-polarized, implantable antenna was designed using the characteristic mode method for operation in the wireless medical telemetry service (WMTS) band (1.4 GHz) and the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (2.45 GHz). By utilizing slotting techniques and materials with high dielectric constants, the antenna volume was minimized to 47.4 mm3, and circular polarization was gained in the WMTS band by using the characteristic mode method. A three-layer physical model of human tissues was constructed in a simulation, and a biogel and minced pork were used in the measurements. The measured peak gains are −20.85 dBi (1.4 GHz) and −22.15 dBi (2.45 GHz). The measured effective axis ratio bandwidth in the WMTS band is 170 MHz (1.33–1.50 GHz, 12.0%), and the impedance bandwidth in the ISM band is 390 MHz (2.21–2.60 GHz, 16.2%). At 1.4 GHz and 2.45 GHz, the largest 1 g average SAR values are 376 W/Kg and 318 W/Kg, which comply with IEEE C95.1-1999. Moreover, when the communication chain affinity exceeds 20 dB for 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz, the transceiver range reaches 8.2 m and 9.7 m. This antenna can be used for implantable wireless telemetry systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary We propose RabbitKSSD, a high-speed genome distance estimation tool. Specifically, we leverage load-balanced task partitioning, fast I/O, efficient intermediate result accesses, and high-performance data structures to improve overall efficiency. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that RabbitKSSD achieves speedups ranging from 5.7× to 19.8× over Kssd for the time-consuming sketch generation and distance computation on commonly used workstations. In addition, it significantly outperforms Mash, BinDash, and Dashing2. Moreover, RabbitKSSD can efficiently perform all-vs-all distance computation for all RefSeq complete bacterial genomes (455 GB in FASTA format) in just 2 min on a 64-core workstation. Availability and implementation RabbitKSSD is available at https://github.com/RabbitBio/RabbitKSSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an instrument to assess international students' perceptions of the international learning environment called 'Measure of the International Learning Environment Status' (MILES). We based the development of the MILES on a solid theoretical framework from Moos by addressing three domains to measure the quality of the international learning environment, namely goal direction, relationships, and system change and system maintenance. We have designed and constructed the instrument in three steps. Firstly, we have collected items from relevant existing instruments and grouped them into the three domains via content analysis. Secondly, we applied a Delphi procedure involving international higher education experts from different stakeholder groups and from different cultural backgrounds to identify and reach consensus on the items comprehensively covering important elements of the international learning environment. Thirdly, we carried out an initial questionnaire evaluation. The final MILES consisted of 47 items with 13 in the first domain, 17 in the second and 17 in the third domain. The content of the domains was clearly in line with Moos theoretical framework and we interpreted the sets of items as goal direction, relationships, and supporting services, respectively. This study provides a comprehensive and systematically developed instrument for future research to better understand international students' perspectives towards the international learning environment that are supported by stakeholders from a range of cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Equivalent Lagrangian formulations are unified into the modified Lagrange's equations. • The generalized constraint forces are utilized to reduce errors in simulations. • Error analysis clarifies the error generation of different generalized constraint forces. • A synthetic integration scheme with controllable errors is proposed for mechanical systems. This paper investigates the numerical features of equivalent Lagrangian formulations for general mechanical systems and gives new insight into the error reduction of the corresponding numerical integrations. To this end, the modified Lagrange's equations are derived, which give a unified form of equivalent Lagrangian formulations, featuring different generalized constraint forces. By transforming the modified Lagrange's equations into their discrete versions, the errors of generalized constraint forces are estimated in strong and weak forms. An error analysis is employed to clarify the error generation of different formulations. This helps to identify whether the generalized constraint force contributes considerable errors compared to other terms in the system. Finally, a mechanism of error reduction is explained for the discrete system, providing a way to reduce total errors by adjusting the error generated from the generalized constraint forces. Inspired by this mechanism, a methodology for constructing synthetic integrations is developed. The synthetic integration scheme consists of the main scheme and the counter scheme. In particular, the counter scheme, discretized from the generalized constraint forces, plays an error conditioner that offsets the total error of the integration. Numerical examples demonstrate the significantly higher numerical accuracy and some other possible computational advantages of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans and animals frequently encounter high‐density crowding stress, which may accelerate their aging processes; however, the roles of gut microbiota in the regulation of aging‐related processes under high‐density crowding stress remain unclear. In the present study, it is found that high housing density remarkably increases the stress hormone (corticosterone), accelerates aging‐related processes as indicated by telomere length (in brain and liver cells) and DNA damage or inflammation (as revealed by tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐10 levels), and reduces the lifespan of Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii). Fecal microbiota transplantation from donor voles of habitats with different housing densities induces similar changes in aging‐related processes in recipient voles. The elimination of high housing density or butyric acid administration delays the appearance of aging‐related markers in the brain and liver cells of voles housed at high‐density. This study suggests that gut microorganisms may play a significant role in regulating the density‐dependent aging‐related processes and subsequent population dynamics of animals, and can be used as potential targets for alleviating stress‐related aging in humans exposed to high‐density crowding stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a promising clean power source that can be used in a variety of applications such as automobiles, stationary power plants, and portable power devices. The application problem of PEM fuel cells is a multiscale application process involving porous media, consisting of a series of mass, momentum, and energy transfers through gas channels, current transfers through membrane electrode assemblies, and electrochemical reactions at three-phase boundaries. In this paper, the recent research progress of PEMFC in multiscale porous-media mass transfer processes is reviewed, the research progress of fuel cell parameter identification is reviewed, and the future development direction is summarized and analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of proton exchange membrane fuel cell mass transfer and parameter identification to reference researchers and engineers in the field of fuel cell systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Better understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation is essential in developing the best management practices for ecological restoration and soil erosion control on China's Loess Plateau, an arid and semiarid region with severe soil erosion. This study aimed to explore the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation using long-term precipitation data from 1957 to 2018 from the 100 national standard meteorological stations across the Loess Plateau. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall statistical test and geospatial interpolation were used to detect the trends and to analyze spatial patterns of annual and seasonal precipitation. Wavelet analysis was applied to examine periodical variation across the plateau. The results reveal that regional annual precipitation over the Loess Plateau decreased during the 62 years of the study at a mean rate of −1.05 mm/10 years (p > 0.1). The changes in annual precipitation showed a periodical fluctuation with an increasing trend from 1957 to 1969, a decreasing trend from 1970 to 1999, and an increasing trend again in the first 18 years of the 21st century. The annual precipitation decreased in all eight sub-annual periods except for winter. Spatially, a decreasing trend occurred in the southern and eastern parts of the Loess Plateau, whereas a slight increase existed in the northwest in all periods. The decrease in six stations was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and a significant increase occurred in four stations (p < 0.1). These changes can be explained by an evident southward shift of the precipitation isohyets especially for 350 mm, 450 mm and 550 mm from the 1960s to the 1990s, and a clearly northward shift after the 1990s. Findings from this study facilitate an understanding of the spatial temporal trends of precipitation so appropriate countermeasures can be developed for effective vegetation restoration and soil erosion control across the Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal spatial interpolation approach is indispensable for obtaining high-quality gridded climatic data in mountainous regions with scarce observations, particularly for the Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) with dense longitudinal ranges and gorges. However, there is much controversy about the applicability of thin plate smooth spline (TPSS), cokriging, and inverse distance weighting (IDW) in mountainous regions. Here, we use the daily observations of temperature and precipitation at 125 stations in HMR and its surroundings from 1961 to 2018 and adopt three interpolation methods to map the annual average temperature and precipitation at a resolution of 500 m in HMR. Then, we assess the applicability of three interpolation methods in HMR from the perspectives of interpolation accuracy and effects. The evaluation implies a satisfactory interpolation accuracy of TPSS with the highest correlation and lowest error, whether for temperature (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 1.2°C) or precipitation (R2 = 0.54, RMSE = 165.9 mm). In addition, the TPSS could better display the temperature (precipitation) gradient along elevation and depict dry valleys' high-temperature and low-precipitation characteristics. Moreover, the satisfactory interpolation performance of TPSS mainly benefits from the screening of optimal TPSS model that varied primarily with the regional topography feature and meteorological observation density. The uncertainty of gridded climate datasets has become an urgent problem to solve in the complex terrain. This research illustrates the satisfactory applicability of TPSS for climatic spatial interpolation in HMR, providing theoretical support for high-precision interpolation in complex terrain, hopefully improving the regional weather forecasts and disaster warnings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the durability of building construction, this study proposes a construction method based on carbon fiber and cement-based composites. Analyze the mechanical properties of carbon fiber cement-based composites, combined with experiments to further analyze its advantages in building construction, to achieve the purpose of building durability construction. The experimental results show that the elastic modulus of CFRC samples with a 0.6% carbon fiber volume percentage is the largest. When the content of carbon fiber increases within a certain range, the elastic modulus of CFRC samples will also increase. Conclusion. The application of carbon fiber cement-based composites in building construction can effectively improve the durability of buildings and further improve the quality of buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Student engagement in the provision of the school's education programme (educational student engagement) plays an important role in quality assurance in medical education. However, little is known whether this specific type of student engagement has effects on the learning outcomes for the involved medical students. This study was based on a national-wide survey in China among medical students with 123,055 responses. The questionnaire was designed using international and Chinese national standards. T-test, analysis of variance, multivariate regression, and regression with interaction terms were used. Educational student engagement was positively associated with medical students' learning outcomes in Clinical Practice, Science and Scholarship, Health and Society, and Professionalism. Besides, the influence was heterogeneous among participants at different learning phases. Learning outcomes in Clinical Practice were strongly associated with educational student engagement efficiently at the Clinical Medical Education and the Clerkship Rotation phases, and learning outcomes in Science and Scholarship were best correlated with the Clerkship Rotation phase. Educational student engagement is positively associated with the learning outcomes, with the greatest effect on learning outcomes in Clinical Practice and the least effect in Professionalism. Besides, it has a greater impact on medical students at senior learning phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale single crystals have potential applications in many fields, such as in ferroelectric and photoelectric energy conversion devices. Perovskite oxynitrides have also attracted attention in photoelectrochemical water splitting systems because of their high theoretical solar-to-hydrogen efficiencies. Nevertheless, the synthesis of perovskite oxynitride single crystals requires the coupling of cation exchange and ammonization processes, which is exceptionally challenging. The present study demonstrates an inorganic vapor method that provides, for the first time ever, high-quality epitaxial perovskite SrTaO 2 N single crystals on the centimeter scale. Assessments using Raman spectroscopy, crystal structure analysis and density functional theory determined that the conversion mechanism followed a topotactic transition mode. Compared with conventional SrTaO 2 N particle-assembled films, the SrTaO 2 N single crystals made in this work were free of interparticle interfaces and grain boundaries, which exhibited extremely high performance during photoelectrochemical water oxidation. In particular, these SrTaO 2 N single crystals showed the highest photocurrent density at 0.6 V vs. RHE (1.20 mA cm−2) and the highest photocurrent filling factor (47.6%) reported to date, together with a low onset potential (0.35 V vs. RHE). This onset potential was 200 mV less than that of the reported in situ SrTaO 2 N film, and the photocurrent fill factor was improved by 2 to 3 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract To evaluate the effect of Japanese foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus Steud.) at different densities on the photosynthetic physiology of wheat, “Yangmai 16” wheat was cultivated in a field using two sowing rates (150 kg ha−1, conventional seeding rate; 225 kg ha−1, high seeding rate) and with different densities of A. japonicus for two years. A. japonicus affected the physiological characteristics of wheat, such as its leaf photosynthetic rate, fluorescence parameters, Hill reaction activity, Rubisco activity, yield and yield components, to varying degrees. However, the physiological responses of wheat at different seeding rates varied; the effect of A. japonicus on wheat was more severe at the conventional seeding rate than at the high seeding rate. A. japonicus affected wheat leaf morphology and inhibited photosynthetic processes, leading to decreased PSII electron transport, energy metabolism and photosynthate accumulation, ultimately reducing wheat yield. An appropriate increase in the wheat seeding rate could improve specific leaf weight, maintain Rubisco activity, reduce photoinhibition, and alleviate the stress caused by A. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we are concerned with the zero-sum stochastic differential game problems with the cost functional depending not only on g (X T) but also on { g (X t) , t ∈ [ T , T + θ ] }. The main approach is the anticipated backward stochastic differential equations under weaker conditions. For these equations, we prove the existence and uniqueness theorem and the comparison theorems. Then, by using these techniques, we get the saddle-point strategy for the zero-sum stochastic differential games when the Isaacs' condition holds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing an efficient high-order nonsmooth time-stepping integration scheme for rigid–flexible multibody systems with frictional contacts and impacts is a challenging task. This paper presents a nonsmooth modified symplectic integration scheme that can automatically achieve second-order convergence if possible. This scheme is obtained in three main steps. Firstly, the position coordinates are used to interpolate midpoint approximated integrals, which include velocity jumps implicitly; Secondly, a two-timestep central difference scheme is formulated to approximate the measure differential inclusions; Thirdly, composing two half-condensed two-timestep schemes leads to a one-timestep scheme, which retains the structure of a second-order scheme. Furthermore, while bilateral constraints are satisfied at the position level, unilateral constraints at the velocity level are subject to constraint drifts. To alleviate this issue, a classified cone complementarity problem is formulated to restrain penetration from deteriorating and sticking contacts from fictitious slipping. After time discretization, a set of nonlinear equations with cone complementarity conditions at each timestep is solved by a two-layer iterative computational strategy, where the outer layer is Newton iteration and the inner layer is a primal–dual interior point method. Several numerical examples demonstrate the high accuracy attained by the proposed method. Nonsmooth dynamics of a rigid–flexible robot involving high-speed and high-friction impacts can be simulated faster than real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tibetan plateau is considered as an ideal place for studying the continental collisions, tectonic movements and regional geodynamics. Although multiple episodes of igneous activities in Tibetan plateau have been suggested derived from mantle upwelling, their origins and corresponding geodynamic models remain vigorously debate. This study presents a high-resolution upper mantle velocity model of P-wave and its lateral variation beneath the central Tibetan plateau based on triplicated waveform modeling. The results show that, compared with IASP91 model, the 660-km discontinuity is deepened approximately 17–28 km from the Qiangtang terrane to the Beishan block. The lower mantle transition zone (MTZ) is characterized by high P-wave velocity anomalies (HVA) in range of 0.3%–0.9%. We infer that they are mainly related to the hydrous materials with low temperature in the lower MTZ. Besides, the depression of the 410-km discontinuity is about 6–15 km. A remarkable low velocity layer (LVL) is detected atop the 410-km discontinuity, exhibiting the thickness of 31–40 km and low P-wave velocity anomaly of −2.5% to −1.6%. This is against completely temperature-dominated origin of the LVL, and suggests that the material composition has also contributes. Additionally, we propose a new geodynamic model to demonstrate the asthenospheric upwelling beneath the Qiangtang and Songpan-Ganzi terranes, which suggests that the passively ascending water-enriched materials from the lower MTZ and their dehydration are responsible for the observed LVL atop the 410-km discontinuity, as well as the origin of the Cenozoic magmatic intrusion and volcanic eruption of the northern Tibet volcano in Pleistocene. • The lateral structure of the MTZ beneath the central Tibetan plateau is obtained by triplicated P-waveforms modeling. • The hydrous materials with low temperature in lower MTZ lead to continuous 660-km depression and high P-wave velocity. • The origin of low velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity is controlled by both temperature and material composition. • A new geodynamic model is proposed to explain the Cenozoic magmatic activities and volcanic eruptions in QT and SGT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In survey domain estimation, a priori information can often be imposed in the form of linear inequality constraints on the domain estimators. Wu et al. (2016) formulated the isotonic domain mean estimator, for the simple order restriction, and methods for more general constraints were proposed in Oliva-Avilés et al. (2020). When the assumptions are valid, imposing restrictions on the estimators will ensure that the a priori information is respected, and in addition allows information to be pooled across domains, resulting in estimators with smaller variance. Here, we propose a method to further improve the estimation of the covariance matrix for these constrained domain estimators, using a mixture of possible covariance matrices obtained from the inequality constraints. We prove consistency of the improved variance estimator, and simulations demonstrate that the new estimator results in improved coverage probabilities for domain mean confidence intervals, while retaining the smaller confidence interval lengths. • Design-based survey domain mean estimation incorporating inequality constraints. • The mixture covariance matrix is based on mixtures of weighted projections. • The mixture covariance estimator provides shorter CIs with improved coverage. • Formal proofs of consistency of the mixture covariance estimator are given. • Improvements demonstrated with simulations and the CA school data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy conversion in Earth's surface environments over geological history heavily involves the redox reactions of natural minerals. Natural Mn(III/IV) oxides and Mn2+(aq) is one of the most important redox couples that significantly dictate the electron flow in nature. Elucidating their formation and redox reactions is of critical importance for understanding numerous elemental cycles and the evolution of redox environments on Earth and other planets. Previous studies generally consider biotic processes as the dominant oxidation pathway for Mn2+(aq) in natural environments. In this study, we demonstrate rapid abiotic oxidation of Mn2+(aq) through photocatalytic reactions in the presence of natural Fe oxide minerals at rates comparable to those of currently known biotic/abiotic oxidation processes. Fe oxide minerals not only facilitate the electron transfer, but also serve as templates for the heterogeneous nucleation of tunnel structured Mn oxides. This finding highlights an important yet previously overlooked abiotic process on the formation of Mn oxides, which offers a new pathway for explaining the commonly observed co-occurrence of Fe and Mn oxide minerals in nature and the origin of diverse structures of Mn oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qili Qiangxin capsule (QQC) is a formulation of traditional Chinese medicine commonly used for the treatment of heart failure in China. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of QQC combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis abided by the PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was conducted in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Database, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to August 2020. A total of 52 eligible studies were obtained, and 42 of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that, compared with western medicine alone, the combination of Qili Qingxin capsule and Western medicine treatment has better efficacy (metoprolol: RR: 1.24, 95%CI 1.14–1.34; carvedilol: RR: 1.24, 95%CI 1.14–1.34; trimetazidine: RR: 1.20, 95%CI: 1.12–1.27; sacubitril valsartan sodium: RR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11–1.36; sodium nitroprusside: RR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.23–1.45; and bisoprolol: RR: 1.31, 95%CI: 1.15–1.49) and increased the level of LVEF, LVEDD, and 6MWT of patients with CHF and reduced the adverse effects and the level of HR, LVESD, BNP, and Hs-cTnT as well. However, there is high heterogeneity in the meta-analysis of LVEDV, BNP, NT-proBNP, Hs-cTnT, 6MWT, and adverse effects, and the methodological quality of the included studies was poor. Therefore, further studies with good methodological quality and large sample size are required to validate our findings. In our study, evidence suggests that Qili Qiangxin capsule combined with Western medicine may improve therapeutic effect and the quality of life of patients with CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional railway planning processes, stop-skipping decisions are often made at the line planning stage, which is executed prior to train timetabling and platform assignment. However, stop-skipping can shorten passenger journey time and also save on train operating costs. Hence, integrating train timetabling, stop-skipping, and platform choice decisions can help generate train timetables with improved passenger convenience and higher train operating efficiency. Integrating these decisions is a challenging task, as these decisions affect passenger train transfer behavior, which in turn affects the entire passenger flow. This study is a first attempt at integrating these decisions while simultaneously taking into account the passenger flow. We consider a train timetabling problem on a single, one-way track with stop-skipping, platform choice, and passenger flow considerations, and we formulate it as a constrained minimum-cost multi-commodity network flow problem on a time–space network. We analyze the problem's complexity and develop a Lagrangian relaxation heuristic to solve the problem. We conduct a computational study with randomly generated data that captures the characteristics of the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway line. The computational results report the effectiveness of our Lagrangian relaxation heuristic and how the railway's service capacity and passenger traffic intensity affect the solution. • Integration of stop-skipping, train-timetabling, and platform assignment is studied. • Constrained multi-commodity network flow model in a time–space network is proposed. • A Lagrangian relaxation heuristic is developed for solving the integrated problem. • Performance of the proposed heuristic is tested computationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors seek to help international medical graduates thrive by offering reflections on the perspectives of key stakeholders and discussions of IMGs' personal and professional experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have seen extensive applications during the past 20 years, the anode materials which have realized commercialization are mainly restricted to graphite and Li4Ti5O12. However, because of the limited capacity of these two intercalation‐type anodes, they cannot meet the higher requirements in energy density of some applications. Very few types of high‐capacity anode materials have been successfully commercialized, mainly due to the inevitable large volume change during lithium insertion/extraction. Herein, a promising anode material, CaV4O9, which shows both high gravimetric capacity of more than 600 mAh g–1 with a safe average discharge potential of about 0.8 V, and near‐zero volume change character like Li4Ti5O12, is identified. The specific lithium storage mechanism and the origin of near‐zero volume change character are revealed. Considering the superior performance endowed by these unique intrinsic properties, CaV4O9 shows great potential for commercialized anode material and may promote innovation in LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The flow channel design of the fuel cell has a great influence on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Serpentine flow channel is widely applied because of its excellent performance among different channel designs. In this work, a multiphase, 3D PEMFC model with serpentine flow channel is developed. This work has analysed current density, relative pressure drop, velocity of reactants, oxygen concentrations, distribution of liquid water and temperature. The results show that the change of the cross‐section in the serpentine flow channel can increase the current density of the PEMFC, while it also reduces the uniformity of the current density distribution. In this work, the oxygen is more concentrated and more reaction heat is generated when the cross‐sectional shape of the flow channel changes from a trapezoid to a triangle, therefore the current density is higher in this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The change of the geometry of the flow field plate will affect the distribution of reaction gas and further change the reaction rate inside the cell. This article uses computational fluid dynamics as a research method to observe the improvement of fuel cell performance of different channel geometries. In the single‐channel simulation, channel of different shapes has very limited influence on current density, but it will change the water saturation, especially near the outlet of the channel. In this research, the performance of a variable waveform flow field plate is relatively better. This will be conducive to the promotion and application of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to determine the function of microRNA (miR)-125b-5p in lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h to establish an LDD model. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to assess miR-125b-5p levels in human lumbar degenerative NP samples and IL-1β-treated NP cells. An interaction between miR-125b-5p and TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) was revealed by TargetScan 7.1 and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors were determined using ELISA. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. miR-125b-5p was markedly upregulated in both human lumbar degenerative NP specimens and IL-1β-treated NP cells. TRIAP1, which directly targets miR-125b-5p, was markedly downregulated in human lumbar degenerative NP specimens and IL-1β-treated NP cells. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited in IL-1β-treated NP cells transfected with miR-125b-5p inhibitor. Moreover, miR-125b-5p inhibitor increased NP cell viability, prevented apoptosis and repressed the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1/caspase 9 pathway in IL-1β-treated NP cells. Thus, the present findings suggested that miR-125b-5p could regulate LDD by adjusting NP cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses via TRIAP1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A thermal management system (TMS) including heat pipes, heat‐conducting glue, phase change materials (PCM), and micro‐channel plates is built in this research. The heat pipes and heat‐conducting glue can solve the problem of poor thermal conductivity and large internal temperature difference (Td) of TMS including PCM and liquid cooling. The micro‐channel plates can solve the problem that TMS combined with the PCM and the heat pipes is difficult to transfer heat. The designed TMS can cool and heat li‐ion battery. Through the li‐ion battery discharge test experiment by 1C, 2C, and 3C, the li‐ion battery heating power is obtained. The temperature change curve of li‐ion batteries at 1C, 2C, 3C discharge and when ambient temperature (Ta) is −20°C, −10°C, 0°C, and 20°C are studied. When the Ta is lower than 0°C, the designed TMS can heat the li‐ion battery to 20°C, and make the Td inside the li‐ion batteries approach 0°C within a short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The proton conducting membrane is the core component of the fuel cell. It needs water to maintain conductivity. Excessive water content inside the fuel cell will block the membrane surface and reduce the output power of the fuel cell. On the other hand, if the water content is too low, the internal resistance of the fuel cell will increase, which will reduce the performance and service life of the fuel cell. Considering the above problems, it is necessary to humidify the air and hydrogen gas before entering the fuel cell, but humidification is to prevent the membrane at the gas inlet from becoming dry. Although proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) generates enough water, most of the gas is not completely saturated. This paper designs a self‐humidifying channel to redistribute the distribution of humid gas between different channels, and used FLUENT to simulate the heat and mass transfer, electrical conduction in the fuel cell. The effect of the self‐humidifying flow channel location on the PEMFC water and heat distribution is analyzed and evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow field plate is an important component of the fuel cell, and makes the flow state of the reactant gas produce obvious changes. In this paper, the method of computational fluid dynamics was used to study the influence of the waveform channel on the internal parameters of the fuel cell. Through analysis, the optimal cathode flow field waveform at different temperatures was determined. It was found that the waveform flow field plate is very limited in improving the average current density. The existence of the waveform would obviously change the distribution of liquid water. This paper has contributed to the full commercialization of fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles use lithium-ion batteries as their power source; however, many researchers have expressed concern about the safety of these batteries. In this study, a new method was used to establish an accurate model of a lithium-ion battery, which can be used to calculate the heat production of lithium-ion batteries and the change in lithium-ion concentration. The effect of local heat accumulation on the thermal characteristics of lithium-ion batteries was studied. The electrochemical heat generation and side-reaction heat generation of lithium-ion batteries under rates of 1C, 3C, and 5C were compared (C-rate is the measurement of the charge and discharge current with respect to its nominal capacity). The results show that adding the heat source during charging can reduce electrochemical heat generation but increase side-reaction heat generation. At the same time, adding heat will accelerate the precipitation of a lithium-ion battery, improving the overall temperature of the battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the most suitable power source for new energy vehicles. Thermal runaway is the biggest potential safety hazard. To achieve safer battery and battery design, it is necessary to fully understand thermal runaway. Here, a chemical-thermal coupled lithium-ion battery model is established. The temperature distribution rule of a lithium-ion battery surface in quantity–quality change under the influence of an external local high temperature heat source is discussed and analyzed using a multitime scale. The results show that lithium-ion batteries tend to thermal runaway when the temperature of external heat source is higher than a certain value. During this period, the most important thermal reaction is the reaction between anode and electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of electric vehicles is an important trend in the automotive industry, in which the performance of power batteries is greatly affected by temperature. In recent years, it has been widely concerned that the performance of power batteries at low temperature will lead to the vehicle failure to start because of the bad thermal equilibrium of power battery heating system. This paper studies the thermal equilibrium performance of battery liquid heating system at low temperature. Inlet temperature, heating time, ambient temperature, and their coupling relationship to battery thermal equilibrium performance are studied by orthogonal experimental design method. It is expected that this study can provide reference for the parameter selection of battery heating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Lithium‐ion batteries, as the only source of driving force for electric vehicles (EV), directly determine the vehicle's power performance, driving mileage, and working stability. The performance, safety, and longevity of lithium‐ion batteries are related to battery temperature. In this article, surface topography has been added in mini‐channel liquid cooling plate, the influence of different shapes, different heights, different diameters, and different numbers of surface topography on the cooling effect of mini‐channel liquid cooling plate were researched by using CFD method. This article revealed that the addition of surface topography in mini‐channel can affect the flow trajectory of coolant and improve the cooling capacity of the cold plate. When five cylindrical surface topography with a diameter of 10 mm and a height of 1.5 mm were added in each channel, the highest temperature of the battery can be suppressed to 42.01°C and the maximum temperature difference can reach 15.78°C under 3C discharge rate, compared with the smooth mini‐channel, decreased by 1.02°C and 0.85°C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Since early diagnosis is very important for treating gastric cancer (GC), we aimed to detect serum small proline-rich protein2A (SPRR2A) to verify its diagnostic value for GC patients. Methods. Serum samples were collected from 200 patients with GC, 100 patients with gastritis, 40 patients with rectal cancer (RC), 50 patients with colon cancer (CC), and 100 healthy controls. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection kit was applied to measure serum SPRR2A concentration. The correlations between serum SPRR2A and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), clinical pathological parameters of GC, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were also analyzed. Results. The median serum SPRR2A concentration in GC patients was significantly higher than those in healthy controls and gastritis or colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.001). Serum SPRR2A concentration at a cut-off value of 80.7 pg/ml yielded an AUC of 0.851, with 75.7% sensitivity and 74.5% specificity for discriminating GC patients from healthy people. The AUC for the serum SPRR2A concentration combined with the CEA concentration was 0.876, with 79.7% sensitivity and 78.7% specificity. Similarly, serum SPRR2A discriminated GC patients from gastritis patients with an AUC of 0.820, with 90.5% sensitivity and 61.7% specificity. The AUC for the serum SPRR2A concentration combined with the CEA concentration was 0.848, with 87.8% sensitivity and 68.1% specificity. The serum SPRR2A levels in GC patients were associated with lymph node metastasis and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05). There was an obvious difference in serum SPRR2A expression between GC patients before and after surgery (P < 0.0001). Conclusion. These results suggest that serum SPRR2A can be used as an effective marker for GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A furfuryl cation induced three‐component thioesterification reaction between thiols, 5‐bromo‐2‐furylcarbinols and azides is reported. This metal‐free method relies on the acetyl chloride/HFIP‐mediated cascade formal [3+2] cycloaddition/ring‐opening/thioesterification, which allows the efficient construction of a series of complex triazole‐thioesters linked with an (Z)‐olefin. Selenols are also suitable for this strategy. Further derivatization of thioesters highlighted the potential utility of our method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging electrochemical energy storage systems beyond Li‐ion batteries, including Na/K/Mg/Ca/Zn/Al‐ion batteries, attract extensive interest as the development of Li‐ion batteries is seriously hindered by the scarce lithium resources. During the past years, large amounts of studies have focused on the investigation of various electrode materials toward emerging metal‐ion batteries to realize high energy density, high power density, and a long cycle life. In particular, vanadium‐based nanomaterials have received great attention. Vanadium‐based compounds have a big family with different structures, chemical compositions, and electrochemical properties, which provide huge possibilities for the development of emerging electrochemical energy storage. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent progresses of promising vanadium‐based nanomaterials for emerging metal‐ion batteries is presented. The vanadium‐based materials are classified into four groups: vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium phosphates, and oxygen‐free vanadium‐based compounds. The structures, electrochemical properties, and modification strategies are discussed. The structure–performance relationships and charge storage mechanisms are focused on. Finally, the perspectives about future directions of vanadium‐based nanomaterials for emerging energy storage devices are proposed. This review will provide comprehensive knowledge of vanadium‐based nanomaterials and shed light on their potential applications in emerging energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock varnish is a widespread Mn-rich rock coating commonly developed in arid environments, but the mechanism for its formation is still under debate. In this study, rock varnish and adjacent soil dust collected from Gobi Desert were analyzed for exploring the possible abiotic oxidation mechanism of Mn oxides. The occurrence of rock varnish shows a direct and close relationship with strong irradiation of sunlight, giving the first evidence of photochemical genesis. Abundant caves and tunnels with average diameter of ~1–5 μm are observed on varnish surface regions, which facilitate the penetration of sunlight and water. Metal (oxyhydr)oxides, including birnessite, hematite, goethite, rutile and anatase, account for the major components of rock varnish, which are all solar light-responsive semiconducting minerals. The trace elements enrichment patterns revealed by LA-ICP-MS provide the indication of an aqueous origin. The positive Ce anomalies in varnish in contrast to the rock substrate, as well as the positive correlation between Ce and Mn suggest a strong oxidizing environment in the genesis of rock varnish. Therefore, the photo-generated holes and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) on metal oxides in varnish can promote Mn(II) oxidation, which are further demonstrated from thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. ROSs including 1O 2 and OH with strong oxidizing capability are detected by EPR in varnish suspension, providing the direct evidence for Mn(II) oxidation. Laboratory experimental simulations show the photocatalysis of metal oxides in rock varnish greatly promote Mn(II) oxidation by 2.10–7.97 times in comparison with homogenous solution oxidation. All these lines of evidence suggest that light-induced abiotic process may play important roles in the formation of rock varnish together with other abiotic and biotic pathways, which can even provide implications for the evolution of Mn oxides on surface of terrestrial planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNA heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2-antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA HAND2-AS1) is a known tumor suppressor gene in endometrioid endometrial carcinoma; however, its function in osteosarcoma is currently unknown. In the present study, HAND2-AS1 expression in the tumor tissues and adjacent healthy tissues of patients with osteosarcoma, and in the serum of patients and heathy controls was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. lncRNA HAND2-AS1 small interfering RNA was transfected into osteosarcoma cells, and cell proliferation, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression and glucose uptake were detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8, western blotting and glucose uptake assays, respectively. The results revealed that the expression levels of HAND2-AS1 were reduced in cancer tissues compared with those in healthy tissues. Levels of HAND2-AS1 were also reduced in the serum of patients with osteosarcoma compared with those of the control subjects. A significant association was observed between serum levels of HAND2-AS1 and tumor size, but not tumor metastasis. HAND2-AS1-knockdown promoted osteosarcoma cell proliferation, increased glucose uptake and upregulated GLUT1 expression. It was therefore concluded that lncRNA HAND2-AS1 may inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting glucose metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Mash is a popular hash-based genome analysis toolkit with applications to important downstream analyses tasks such as clustering and assembly. However, Mash is currently not able to fully exploit the capabilities of modern multi-core architectures, which in turn leads to high runtimes for large-scale genomic datasets. Results We present RabbitMash, an efficient highly optimized implementation of Mash which can take full advantage of modern hardware including multi-threading, vectorization and fast I/O. We show that our approach achieves speedups of at least 1.3, 9.8, 8.5 and 4.4 compared to Mash for the operations sketch , dist , triangle and screen , respectively. Furthermore, RabbitMash is able to compute the all-versus-all distances of 100 321 genomes in <5 min on a 40-core workstation while Mash requires over 40 min. Availability and implementation RabbitMash is available at https://github.com/ZekunYin/RabbitMash. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique dependence of cancer cells on mitochondrial metabolism has been exploited therapeutically in various cancers but not osteosarcoma. In this work, we demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial translation is effective and selective in targeting osteosarcoma. We firstly showed that tigecycline at pharmacological achievable concentrations inhibited growth and induced apoptosis of multiple osteosarcoma cell lines while sparing normal osteoblast cells. Similarly, tigecycline at effective doses that delayed osteosarcoma growth did not cause significant toxicity to mice. We next showed that tigecycline specifically inhibits mitochondrial translation, resulting in defective mitochondrial respiration in both osteosarcoma and normal osteoblast cells. We further confirm mitochondrial respiration as the target of tigecycline using three independent approaches. In addition, we demonstrate that compared to normal osteoblasts, osteosarcoma cells have higher mitochondrial biogenesis. We finally show that specific inhibition of mitochondrial translation via EF-Tu depletion produces the similar anti-osteosarcoma effects of tigecycline. Our work highlights the therapeutic value of targeting mitochondrial metabolism in osteosarcoma and tigecycline as a useful addition to the treatment of osteosarcoma. • Tigecycline inhibits osteosarcoma cells with less toxicity to normal osteoblasts. • Tigecycline inhibits mitochondrial translation and respiration in osteosarcoma. • Osteosarcoma cells have increased mitochondrial biogenesis than normal osteoblasts. • Inhibition of mitochondrial translation via EF-Tu depletion inhibits osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Battery, as the main energy storage element, directly affects the performance of electric vehicle. Battery thermal management research is required as the battery performance influenced by temperature obviously. This article selects liquid cold plate with different heat transfer enhanced fins as the research object. The angle and length of fins are chosen as the variables. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and experiments are used in this research. The fin angle of 15°, 30°, and 45° and fin length of 8, 10, 12 mm are selected to compose enhanced fins. The results indicate that heat transfer fins inside liquid cold plate can significantly decrease the highest temperature of battery module and temperature difference among cells. Otherwise, different fin angle and fin length can achieve different heat dissipation performance, which is not positive correlation. Then the design reference of heat transfer enhanced fin in liquid cold plate is offered. The angle and length of heat transfer fins are chosen as the variables. CFD method and experiments are used to research them. Heat transfer fins inside liquid cold plate can significantly decrease the highest temperature of battery module and temperature difference among cells. There exists an appropriate fin angle to meet the best requirements of heat dissipation. Both the increase of fin length and fin angle can lead to the increase of pressure loss inside liquid cold plate. Otherwise, the angle of fin influences more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]