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Three novel [DC18DMA]+ ionic liquids (ILs) with N,N-dialkyl-malonamic acid (MA) anions was synthesized, which was applied for extraction of thorium ions in nitric acid solution. The solid samples were obtained by simultaneous extraction and solidification of Th(IV) based on self-assembly process. The dioctadecyldimethylammonium ([DC18DMA]+) was pioneered as the preferred organic cation of the ionic liquids for the extraction process. The extraction behaviors were investigated in detail, and the self-assembly samples were identified via SEM with mapping EDS, XPS, FT-IR and ESI-HRMS methods. All three ionic liquids showed excellent extraction efficiency for thorium and more than 99% of Th(IV) were extracted and solidified at two phase interface in a facile one-step process. The self-assembly extraction of Th(IV) exhibited the extremely excellent selectivity to Eu(III) and U(VI), and separation factors were up to 12000 for Th/Eu and more than of 3800 for Th/U, respectively. The proposed strategy not only develops an alternate method for the separation and enrichment of thorium ions, but also may pioneer the self-assembly extraction based on [DC18DMA]+ ionic liquids in the nuclear fuel cycle. Considered with the similarity of Pu(IV) and Th(IV), the one-step strategy may be extended for extraction and solidification of the key isotope Pu(IV) in nuclear industry.

Based on the dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride surfactant, three novel ionic liquids (ILs) involving dioctadecyldimethylammonium ([DODMA]+ cations and N,N-dialkyl-diglycolamide acid (DGA) anions was firstly designed and synthesized for extraction of thorium ions in nitric acid solution. The integrated extraction and solidification of Th(IV) was developed by formation of self-assembly (SA) solid in two-phase interface. The SA solid was identified by spectroscopic methods including SEM with mapping EDS, XPS, FT-IR and ESI-HRMS. The excellent extraction efficiency was observed for extraction of thorium using [DODMA]+[DGA]- ionic liquids, more than 99% of Th(IV) were extracted and enriched as SA solid in one-step process. The outstanding selectivity of Th(IV) to Ln(III) and U(VI) was observed, and separation factors were up to 3470 for Th/Eu and more than of 1980 for Th/U, respectively. The proposed strategy not only provides an alternate method for the separation of thorium ions with uranyl ions and lanthanides(III) ions in the nuclear fuel cycle, but also pioneers to develop the self-assembly extraction based on [DODMA]+ ionic liquids. In view of the similarity of Pu(IV) and Th(IV), the simple integrated strategy may be further expanded for extraction and enrichment of Pu(IV) in nuclear industry.

The Miyaluo captive forest musk deer population (Sichuan Province, China) is one of the largest captive breeding populations in the world. In order to evaluate the genetic quality and provide available genetic management strategy, seven polymorphism microsatellite loci were applied to assess the genetic variation of the Miyaluo forest musk deer. The results indicated that a total of 168 alleles were detected from these seven microsatellite loci in 361 individuals, and the number of the alleles per locus ranged from 12 to 41 with a mean of 24. The average observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and PIC were 0.782, 0.854, and 0.837, respectively. Considering the results of the loci Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium test, the comparison of the common allele frequency as well as the private allele between the adults and juveniles, we concluded that the heterozygosity and the genetic diversity of the Miyaluo captive breeding population are increasing due to the input of new individuals from other populations. However, the frequency of some alleles declined sharply, and some were even lost indicating that there is a risk for diversity loss. Thus, we proposed an improved management and breeding strategy for the captive breeding population of the forest musk deer.

In the context of the topcolor-assisted technicolor (TC2) model, we consider the production of the neutral scalar S(π0t or h0t) associated with a photon at the LHC and compare our results with those given by the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). We find that its production cross section is larger or smaller than that of the scalar particle predicted by the MSSM model, depending on the values of the relevant free parameters.

We consider the effects of the fourth generation quarks on the rare B decay processes described by the b ? s(d)??? processes at the quark level. We find that the values of the branching ratios for some of these rare decay processes are much larger than the standard model (SM) predictions. These processes can be used to constrain the relevant free parameters.

By using fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics analysis technique (JIP-test), this paper studied the photosynthesis characteristics and fast chlorophyll fluorescence induction dynamics of 1-year old Pistacia chinensis seedlings under the stress of NaCl at the concentrations 0% (CK), 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.45%, and 0.6%. With the increasing concentration of NaCl, the contents of Chl a, Chl b, and Chl (a+b) in the seedlings leaves decreased, the Chl a/b ratio decreased after an initial increase, and the carotenoid content increased. The net photosynthetic rate (P(n)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) decreased gradually with increasing NaCl concentration. The decrease of P(n) was mainly attributed to the stomatal limitation when the NaCl concentration was lower than 0.3%, and to the non-stomatal limitation when the NaCl concentration was higher than 0.3%. The trapped energy flux per RC (TR0/CS0), electron transport flux per RC (ET0/CS0), density of RCs (RC/CS0), and yield or flux ratio (psi(0) or phi(E0)) decreased, but the absorption flux per CS (ABS/CS0) and the K phase (W(k)) and J phase (V) in the O-J-I-P chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves increased distinctly, indicating that NaCl stress damaged the leaf oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), donor sides, and PS II reaction centers. When the NaCl concentration reached 0.3%, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F(v)/F(m)) and performance index (PI(ABS)) decreased 17.7% and 36.6%, respectively, as compared with the control.

Taking one-year-old dormant shoots of Pistacia chinensis and Koelreuteria integrifoliola as test materials and the shoots of northern indigenous tree species K. paniculata as the control, the changes of their membrane-lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme activity, and organic osmoregulatory substance content under artificial cooling were studied, aimed to analyze the differences of the three tree species in cold resistance. With the decrease of temperature, the ion leakage percentage of the three tree species increased in S-shape, and the SOD and POD activities decreased after an initial increase. The MDA, soluble protein, and soluble sugar contents of K. integrifoliola and K. paniculata under decreasing temperature decreased after an initial increase, while those of P. chinensis had an increasing trend. The semi-lethal temperature (LT50 ) of K. paniculata, K. integrifoliola, and P. chinensis calculated by the Logistic equation of ion leakage percentage was -27.2 degrees C, -23.7 degrees C, and -27.0 degrees C, respectively. Among the three tree species, K. paniculata had the strongest cold resistance, followed by P. chinensis, and K. integrifoliola.

The research on a Small Unmaned Air Vehicle(SUAV) has developed with various kinds of advanced technology, such as micro-machine technology, micro-motor technology, micro-electronics technology, integrated technology, and especially the nanotechnology. As the core of SUAV systems, the reconfigurable technique of flight control system can applie to the unknown fault and damage, and enhance the survivability and mission effectiveness of the aircraft obviously. It has become one of the attractive research subjects in modern aircraft integration design area. In this paper, several important methods for reconfigurable flight control are introduced or analysed, and some focus problems on the reconfigurable flight control technique are summarized and proposed. Finally, an outlook is did about the development tendency of reconfigurable flight control technique.

Reproductive performance of 750 adult female Forest musk deer (FMD, Moschus berezovskii) was monitored (from 2005 to 2009) on two Forest musk deer farms in Sichuan province, China. The mean (± SEM) lengths of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, and consecutive fawning intervals were 17.5 ± 0.8 d (n = 64), 182.9 ± 0.8 d (n =190), and 363.2 ± 2.4 d (n = 120), respectively. Copulation occurred from the end of October to early March, with the majority (84.1 ± 1.9%) during November and December (P0.05). The fawning rate was 68.7 ± 2.2% in yearling hinds and 73.3 ± 1.3% in adult hinds. Fawning occurred from the end of April to early September, with the majority (88. 9 ± 2.2%) during May and June (P0.005), including a peak in May (52.0 ± 1.0%). Yearling hinds fawned later (7.3 ± 1.8 d) than adult hinds. Rates of premature delivery and dystocia were 2.7 ± 0.4 and 2.0 ± 0.3%, respectively. There was a 1.07:1 female-to-male ratio at birth (P0.05), with 67.7% twins, but only two cases of triplets and one set of quadruplets among 537 fawns. Birth weight averaged 518.7 ± 10.3 g, ranging from 304 to 775 g (n = 240), with male fawns slightly heavier than females (521.1 ± 14.8 vs 516.9 ± 14.3 g). Postnatal and pre-weaning mortality rates were 25.0 ± 1.2 and 17.9 ± 3.1%, respectively. Postnatal mortality and urinary calculus were much more common in male fawns (P0.01). The mortality rate due to suppuration and dyspepsia were different (P0.001) between postnatal and pre-weaning periods. Due to higher mortality of male fawns, the adult sex ratio was significantly female-biased. In conclusion, captive FMD had similar seasonal patterns of copulation and fawning as wild FMD and other musk deer species.

To improve ATM network survivability level, a discrete Hopfield neural network algorithm with transient chaos for VP routing in ATM network was put forward. The computational energy function of VP routing and the motion equation of the discrete Hopfield neural network with transient chaos were also given. Compared with the VP routing algorithms exited, the simulation results show that it is both faster and more effective to achieve VP routing.

Having considered all the constraints of the job-shop scheduling problem (JSP), we present a new computational energy function of Hopfield neural networks for JSP. By introducing transient chaos and time-variant gain, an improved method to solve JSP by a neural network model with transient chaos is proposed, which can avoid Hopfield neural networks being sucked into local minima. The simulation results show that the modified method not only has the ability of searching for the global minimum, but can also converge to minimum quickly. More importantly, it can keep the steady output of neural networks as a feasible solution for JSP.

A new method based on Hopfield neural networks for solving job-shop scheduling problems (JSP) is proposed. All constraints of job-shop scheduling problems and its permutation matrix express are developed. A new calculation energy function included all constraints of job-shop scheduling problems is given. A corresponding new Hopfield neural network construction and its weights of job-shop scheduling problems are given. To avoid Hopfield neural network to converge to local minimum volume, and to produce some non-feasible scheduling solutions for JSP, simulated annealing algorithm is applied to Hopfield neural network. Hopfield neural network converging to minimum volume 0, can keep the steady outputs of neural networks as feasible solution for job-shop scheduling problem. This paper improved existing method based on Hopfield neural network for solving job-shop scheduling problems. Compared with the method, modified method can keep the steady outputs of neural networks as feasible solutions for job-shop scheduling problems.