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Background Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key stage in leading development of non-alcoholic simple fatty liver (NAFL) into cirrhosis and even liver cancer. This study aimed at exploring the lncRNAs expression profile in NASH and the biological function of a novel LncRNA-gm9795. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to compare the expression profiles of lncRNAs in the liver of NASH, NAFLD and normal mice (5 mice for each group). Methionine-choline-deficient Medium (MCD) with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or palmitic acid (PA)were used to built NASH cell models. The role and mechanism of LncRNA-gm9795 in NASH were explored by knocking down or over-expressing its expression. Results A total of 381 lncRNAs were found to be not only highly expressed in NAFLD, but also is going to go even higher in NASH. A novel LncRNA-gm9795 was significantly highly expressed in liver tissues of NASH animal models and NASH cell models. By staining with Nile red, we found that gm9795 did not affect the fat accumulation of NASH. However, gm9795 in NASH cell models significantly promoted the expression of TNF \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\alpha {}$$\end{document}α, IL-6, IL-1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\beta {}$$\end{document}β, the important inflammatory mediators in NASH. At the same time, we found that gm9795 upregulated the key molecules in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), while NF-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\kappa {}$$\end{document}κB/JNK pathways were also activated. When ERS activator Thapsigargin (TG) was introduced in cells with Ggm9757 si-RNA, NF-\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\kappa {}$$\end{document}κB and JNK pathways were activated. Conversely, ERS inhibitor Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) inhibited NF-kB and JNK pathways in cells with gm9795 overexpression plasmid. Conclusion LncRNA-gm9795 promotes inflammatory response in NASH through NF-kB and JNK pathways by ERS, which might provide theoretical basis for revealing the pathogenesis of NASH and discovering new therapeutic targets

Flat colorectal adenomas have a high risk of malignancy; however, their detection is often difficult due to their flat morphology. In this retrospective, large-scale study, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of flat adenomas in a population in China.We analyzed the data collected for 16951 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at four participating hospitals between September 2013 and September 2015. All colonoscopies were performed without magnification.Among the 1,6951 patients, 2938 (17.3%) had adenoma and 796 (4.7%) had flat adenomas. The detection of flat adenoma showed a weak correlation with the detection of adenoma (r = 0.666). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent factors influencing the detection of flat adenomas: patient-related factors of age, presence of warning symptoms, history of adenomas and bowel preparation as well as endoscopist-related factors of endoscopist's level of proficiency, number of colonoscopy operators and withdrawal time.The prevalence of flat adenomas in our study on Chinese patients was consistent with that reported from other countries. Factors conducive to the detection of flat adenomas were patient age of 60 years, warning symptoms, history of adenoma, good bowel preparation, experienced endoscopist, single-operator colonoscopy and colonoscopy withdrawal time of6 min.

Background/Aim: Magnetically-controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) is a potential option for the evaluation of gastric diseases in cases that are unsuited for conventional endoscopy, avoiding discomfort, sedation, and related complications. This retrospective study investigated associations between MCE findings and patient gender, age, and inpatient/outpatient status. Patients and Methods: The data of 580 consecutive patients who underwent MCE from 2015 to 2016 were analyzed. Data included age, gender, indication for MCE, inpatient/outpatient status, overall coverage of gastric anatomical landmarks, and comorbid conditions. Results: Compared with outpatients, inpatients had a higher rate of overall significant MCE findings (P = 0.014), polyp (P = 0.03), and ulceration (P = 0.003). MCE findings of the inpatient men and women were similar. Considering all patients, the percentage with ulceration was significantly higher in men than in women (P = 0.004), and men were younger (P < 0.001). Compared with younger patients, those aged ≥60 years had significantly higher rates of overall significant findings, mainly polyp and angiodysplasia. Conclusions: Compared with outpatients, the inpatients showed higher overall significant findings. Men undergoing MCE were younger than the women, and more likely to have ulcerations. Older patients, whether outpatient or inpatient, had higher rates of significant findings, mainly polyp and angiodysplasia.

The reading of capsule endoscopy (CE) is time-consuming. Thus, several time-saving features have been added to the CE software by different CE companies. However, the similar pictures elimination mode in the OMOM capsule endoscopy software has not been evaluated yet. Our aim is to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the similar pictures elimination mode.We retrospectively studied 200 consecutive capsule endoscopy procedures in Nanfang Hospital between April 2012 and July 2012, among which 52 cases were excluded for poor bowel preparation, failure to reach the colon or data missing. All images of the small-bowel were re-evaluated with four different reading modes (conventional mode and three levels of similar pictures elimination mode) by four experienced endoscopists. Then, the reading time, the number of detected lesions, κ value, sensitivity and specificity were compared between 4 methods.The mean reading time with levels I to III, respectively, was significantly shorter than with conventional mode (P0.001, conventional mode 33.25min, level I 24.90min, level II 20.54min, level III 14.96min). The sensitivity between conventional mode and level I were similar (93.8% vs. 87.7%, P=0.073), while the sensitivity of levels II and III was significantly lower than conventional mode (77.8% vs. 93.8%, 70% vs. 93.8%, respectively). The specificity between all 4 modes were similar (100% for conventional mode, 98.5% for levels I to III).Level I reading mode was as efficient as the conventional mode and less time-consuming. Its sensitivity and specificity were similar compared with the conventional mode.

Successful Closure of Lateral Duodenal Perforation by Endoscopic Band Ligation After Endoscopic Clipping Failure

To determine the miss rate for colorectal flat adenomas during colonoscopy and the risk factors.Flat adenomas are frequently missed during colonoscopy. However, the risk factors that influence their miss rates are unclear. This was a multicenter, retrospective study in which patients diagnosed with colorectal adenomas at a diagnostic colonoscopy and followed within 3 mo by a second therapeutic colonoscopy were pooled out from the established database. The "per-patient" and "per-adenoma" adenoma miss rates (AMR) for overall adenomas and flat adenomas, and patient-, adenoma-, and procedure-related risk factors potentially associated with the "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas were determined.Chromoscopy and high-definition colonoscopy were not taken under consideration in the study. Among 2093 patients with colorectal adenomas, 691 (33.0%) were diagnosed with flat adenomas, 514 with concomitant protruding adenomas and 177 without. The "per-patient" AMR for flat adenomas was 43.3% (299/691); the rates were 54.3% and 11.3%, respectively, for those with protruding adenomas and those without (OR = 9.320, 95%CI: 5.672-15.314, χ (2) = 99.084, P0.001). The "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas was 44.3% (406/916). In multivariate analysis, older age, presence of concomitant protruding adenomas, poor bowel preparation, smaller adenoma size, location at the right colon, insufficient experience of the colonoscopist, and withdrawal time6 min were associated with an increased "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas. The AMR for flat adenomas was moderately correlated with that for overall adenomas (r = 0.516, P0.0001). The AMR for flat adenomas during colonoscopy was high.Patient's age, concomitant protruding adenomas, bowel preparation, size and location of adenomas, proficiency of the colonoscopist, and withdrawal time are factors affecting the "per-adenoma" AMR for flat adenomas.